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Polycotylus
Taxonomy
Polycotylus was named by Cope (1869) [Sepkoski's age data: K Camp-l K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 1066,1069]. Its type is Polycotylus latipinnis. It is the type genus of Polycotylidae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Cimoliosaurus by Lydekker (1889); it was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
It was assigned to Sauropterygia by Cope (1869) and Hector (1874); to Elasmosauridae by Seeley (1892) and Hay (1902); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Williston (1906) and Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); to Polycotylidae by Williston (1908), Hay (1930), White (1940), Carpenter (1996), Adams (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004) and Hampe (2013); and to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007) and Persons IV et al. (2022).
It was synonymized subjectively with Cimoliosaurus by Lydekker (1889); it was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
It was assigned to Sauropterygia by Cope (1869) and Hector (1874); to Elasmosauridae by Seeley (1892) and Hay (1902); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Williston (1906) and Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); to Polycotylidae by Williston (1908), Hay (1930), White (1940), Carpenter (1996), Adams (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004) and Hampe (2013); and to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007) and Persons IV et al. (2022).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Polycotylus Cope p. 34 |
| 1874 | Polycotylus Hector p. 337 |
| 1892 | Polycotylus Seeley p. 151 |
| 1902 | Polycotylus Hay p. 457 |
| 1903 | Polycotylus Williston p. 10 |
| 1906 | Polycotylus Williston p. 233 |
| 1908 | Polycotylus Williston p. 735 |
| 1930 | Polycotylus Hay p. 116 |
| 1940 | Polycotylus White p. 465 |
| 1996 | Polycotylus Carpenter p. 267 |
| 1997 | Polycotylus Adams p. 182 |
| 2001 | Polycotylus O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20 |
| 2002 | Polycotylus Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Polycotylus O'Keefe p. 337 figs. Fig. 11 |
| 2007 | Polycotylus Albright et al. p. 47 |
| 2012 | Polycotylus Otero et al. |
| 2013 | Polycotylus Hampe fig. 9 |
| 2022 | Polycotylus Persons IV et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Polycotylus Cope 1869
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†Polycotylus latipinnis Cope 1869
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Invalid names: Polycotylus dolichopus Williston 1906 [synonym]
†Polycotylus sopozkoi Efimov et al. 2016
†Polycotylus suprajurensis Sauvage 1876
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Hector 1874 | "Centrum of dorsal vertebrae nearly equal in length to its diameter, constricted, articular surfaces circular, concave, with an elongated tubercle in the centre of the depression. Humerus slender and long in proportion to the size of the vertebrae, with two articular facets on the proximal end." |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Middle Campanian or 155.70000 to 70.60000 Ma
Collections (10 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | P. suprajurensis (94534) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Wyoming) | P. sp. (27889) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. dolichopus (118879) P. latipinnis (117847) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. latipinnis (117846 118183) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | USA (South Dakota) | P. latipinnis (194130) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | P. latipinnis (81934) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | P. sopozkoi (224094) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (Kansas) | P. latippinus (114240) |