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Toxochelys
Taxonomy
Toxochelys was named by Cope (1873) [Sepkoski's age data: K Coni-u K Maes-l Sepkoski's reference number: 987]. Its type is Toxochelys latiremis. It is the type genus of Toxochelyidae.
It was assigned to Toxochelyinae by Zangerl (1953), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Nicholls (1988) and Weems (1988); to Toxochelyidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1905), Hay (1908), Hay (1930) and Carroll (1988); to Chelonia by Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptodira by Joyce (2007); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Testudines by Anquetin et al. (2009); and to Cheloniidae by Hirayama (1995), Joyce et al. (2004), Brinkman et al. (2009) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Toxochelyinae by Zangerl (1953), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Nicholls (1988) and Weems (1988); to Toxochelyidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1905), Hay (1908), Hay (1930) and Carroll (1988); to Chelonia by Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptodira by Joyce (2007); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Testudines by Anquetin et al. (2009); and to Cheloniidae by Hirayama (1995), Joyce et al. (2004), Brinkman et al. (2009) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2014).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Toxochelys Cope |
| 1902 | Toxochelys Hay p. 442 |
| 1905 | Toxochelys Hay p. 177 |
| 1908 | Toxochelys Hay pp. 163-164 |
| 1930 | Toxochelys Hay p. 86 |
| 1953 | Toxochelys Zangerl p. 173 |
| 1981 | Toxochelys Thurmond and Jones p. 128 |
| 1988 | Toxochelys Carroll |
| 1988 | Toxochelys Nicholls p. 185 |
| 1988 | Toxochelys Weems p. 141 figs. Table 2 |
| 1995 | Toxochelys Hirayama p. 282 |
| 2002 | Toxochelys Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Toxochelys Joyce et al. |
| 2007 | Toxochelys Joyce |
| 2008 | Toxochelys Danilov and Parham |
| 2009 | Toxochelys Anquetin et al. |
| 2009 | Toxochelys Brinkman et al. |
| 2014 | Toxochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Toxochelys Cope 1873
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†Toxochelys elkader Hay 1908
†Toxochelys latiremis Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Porthochelys browni Hay 1905 [synonym], Toxochelys barberi Schmidt 1944 [synonym], Toxochelys brachyrhinus Case 1898 [synonym], Toxochelys serrifer Cope 1875 [synonym], Toxochelys weeksi Collins 1951 [synonym]
†Toxochelys moorevillensis Zangerl 1953
†Toxochelys procax Hay 1905
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| O. P. Hay 1908 | Skull longer than broad. No nasal bones. Carapace with large lateral fontanels. None of the peripherals in contact with the disk of the carapace. Midline with prominent carma rising at intervals into tubercles, some of which are distinct bones. Tail with a series ot comprest tubercles above. Plastron with median and lateral fontanels. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Clarendonian or 85.80000 to 9.40000 Ma
Collections (32 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | T. brachyrhinus (203738) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Ctenochelys procax (82002) T. latiremis (81970) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | T. latiremis (25071) | |
| Santonian | USA (Alabama) | T. moorevillensis (81971) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | T. elkader (203741) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | T. moorevillensis (81927 81930 81931 81932 81933 81934 81935 81972) | |
| Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. browni (36746) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Porthochelys browni (203739) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Delaware) | T. sp. (46566) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. latiremis (23307 23321 23323 23337) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | T. latiremis (191172) T. moorevillensis (82635) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | T. browni (107676) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Alabama) | T. moorevillensis (207338) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arkansas) | Phyllemys barberi (81996) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | T. sp. (180790) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | T. sp. (79363) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Tennessee) | T. weeksi (7515) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Angola (Namibe) | T. sp. (106705) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | T. latiremis (18282) T. serrifer (196802) |