Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Trionychidae (softshell turtle)

Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae

Taxonomy
Trionychidae was named by Gray (1825) [incorrectly credited by someone (Carrano?) to Bell 1828: Holman 1988 says Bell, 1828 named this taxon (M. D. Uhen, 2006); Meylan (1987) also gives Bell, 1828 as author of this family (R. Hulbert, 2014)]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Karl et al. (2012) and Danilov and Vitek (2013).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Trionychidae by Head et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Trionychii by Jaekel (1911); to Trionychoidi by Perrier (1928); to Trionychoidae by Hay (1930); to Trionychia by Hay (1902), Lambe (1908) and Kuhn (1946); to Testudinata by Estes and Berberian (1970); to Metachelydia by Khosatzky and Mlynarski (1971); to Chelonia by Leidy (1873), Russell (1930) and Cvancara and Hoganson (1993); to Testudines by Böhme (2008); to Cryptodira by Holroyd and Hutchison (2002), Head et al. (2006) and Cadena et al. (2012); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Miller (1967), Staesche et al. (2007) and Danilov and Vitek (2013); to Eucryptodira by Peng et al. (2001), Hutchison and Holroyd (2003) and Hutchison et al. (2013); to Testudines by Frank and Ramus (1996), Head et al. (1999), Hutchison (2009) and Valdes et al. (2017); to Trionychia by Chkhikvadze (2000), Joyce et al. (2004), Brinkman et al. (2017) and Kato et al. (2019); to Trionychoidea by Lydekker (1889), Hay (1908), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Gaffney (1975), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Karl (2007), Karl et al. (2012), van Dijk et al. (2014) and Veress and Codrea (2020); and to Cryptodira by Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Perez-Garcia and Smith (2021).

Subtaxa
Altaytrionyx, Altaytrionyx burtschaki, Altaytrionyx devjatkini, Altaytrionyx phiruzae, Amyda menneri, Apalone, Aspideretes, Aspideretes jaxarticus, Aspideretes muyuensis, Aspidonectes, Aspilus, Aspilus cortesii, Chitra minor, Chitrainae, Conchochelys, Crassithecachelys, Cyclanorbinae, Eugenechelys, Hummelichelys, Kuhnemydinae, Lissemydinae, Paleotrionyx, Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi, Plastomenus gabunii, Plastomenus jaxarticus, Plastomenus mlynarskii, Platypeltis subcircularis, Procyclanorbis, Rafetini, Rafetus karkhualexandri, Rafetus yexiangkuii, Striatochelys, Temnotrionyx, Trionychinae, Trionyx acutiformis, Trionyx amansii, Trionyx anthracotheriorum, Trionyx aquitanicus, Trionyx aspidiformis, Trionyx australiensis, Trionyx austriacus, Trionyx borkenensis, Trionyx bowerbanki, Trionyx bruxelliensis, Trionyx burdigalensis, Trionyx capellinii bulgaricus, Trionyx chaubeti, Trionyx ciryi, Trionyx cliftii, Trionyx croaticus, Trionyx danovi, Trionyx dodunii, Trionyx elongatus, Trionyx erquelinnensis, Trionyx hilberi, Trionyx ishiharaensis, Trionyx italicus, Trionyx jakhimovitchae, Trionyx kazusensis, Trionyx khosatzkyi, Trionyx laurillardii, Trionyx lockardi, Trionyx lorioli, Trionyx manouri, Trionyx marini, Trionyx moldaviensis, Trionyx mourieri, Trionyx munzenbergensis, Trionyx oligocenica, Trionyx oweni, Trionyx parisiensis, Trionyx partschii, Trionyx pedemontana, Trionyx petersi trifailensis, Trionyx pliocaenicus, Trionyx pompignanensis, Trionyx pontanus, Trionyx portisi, Trionyx preschenensis, Trionyx propinquus, Trionyx pseudovindobonensis, Trionyx pustulatus, Trionyx ragusensis, Trionyx reticulatus, Trionyx rocchettiana, Trionyx roncensis, Trionyx rotundiformis, Trionyx sculptus, Trionyx senckenbergianus, Trionyx senensis, Trionyx siegeri, Trionyx sophiae, Trionyx stormsi, Trionyx ubeensis, Trionyx valdensis, Trionyx zakhidovi, Zaisanonyx, Zangerlichelys

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Trionychidae Gray
1831Trionyx amansii Gray
1831Trionyx dodunii Gray
1831Trionyx laurillardii Gray
1831Trionyx lockardi Gray
1831Trionyx manouri Gray
1831Trionyx parisiensis Gray p. 101
1832Trionyx parisiensis Meyer p. 101
1833Trionyx rotundiformis Bergounioux
1835Trionyx cliftii Fitzinger
1836Trionyx cliftii Fitzinger
1849Trionyx pustulatus Owen
1849Trionyx pustulatus Owen and Bell
1855Trionyx partschii Peters
1859Trionyx austriacus Peters
1865Trionyx italicus Schauroth
1869Trionyx aquitanicus Delfortrie
1869Trionyx bruxelliensis Winkler
1871Trionychidae Cope p. 235
1873Trionychidae Leidy p. 341
1875Trionychidae Cope p. 16
1879Trionyx pedemontana Portis
1882Trionyx lorioli Portis
1882Trionyx rocchettiana Portis
1882Trionyx valdensis Portis
1883Trionyx ragusensis De Gregorio
1883Trionyx anthracotheriorum Portis
1885Aspilus Portis
1885Aspilus cortesii Portis
1889Trionychidae Lydekker p. 4
1889Trionyx aquitanicus Lydekker pp. 10-11
1889Trionyx parisiensis Lydekker pp. 12-13
1889Trionyx bowerbanki Lydekker pp. 19-21 fig. 4
1891Trionyx portisi Ristori
1891Trionyx propinquus Ristori
1891Trionyx senensis Ristori
1892Trionyx hilberi Hoernes
1892Trionyx oligocenica Negri
1894Trionyx australiensis De Vis
1895Trionyx pontanus Laube
1899Trionyx stormsi Delheid
1900Trionyx aspidiformis Laube
1900Trionyx preschenensis Laube
1900Trionyx oweni Reinach
1901Procyclanorbis Portis
1902Trionychidae Hay p. 453
1903Trionyx pliocaenicus Reinach
1903Trionyx senckenbergianus Reinach
1905Trionyx pontanus Laube
1908Trionychidae Hay p. 493
1908Trionychidae Lambe
1909Trionyx erquelinnensis Dollo p. 109
1909Trionyx bruxelliensis Dollo p. 111
1909Trionyx siegeri Heritsch
1909Trionyx sophiae Heritsch
1911Chitra minor Jaekel
1911Trionychidae Jaekel p. 186
1914Trionyx petersi trifailensis Teppner
1915Trionyx croaticus Koch
1919Trionyx roncensis Harrassowitz
1925Trionyx ubeensis Chitani
1927Trionyx munzenbergensis Hummel
1928Trionychidae Perrier p. 3114
1930Trionychidae Hay p. 107
1930Trionyx elongatus Liebus
1930Trionychidae Russell
1931Trionyx sculptus Gilmore p. 253 figs. Pl. 10
1933Trionyx pompignanensis Bergounioux
1933Trionyx rotundiformis Bergounioux
1934Trionyx pseudovindobonensis Szalai
1935Trionyx acutiformis Bergounioux
1935Trionyx burdigalensis Bergounioux
1935Trionyx chaubeti Bergounioux
1935Trionyx ciryi Bergounioux
1935Trionyx mourieri Bergounioux
1938Aspideretes jaxarticus Riabinin
1938Plastomenus jaxarticus Riabinin p. 126
1944Trionyx marini Hernández Sampelayo and Bataller
1944Trionyx marini Sampelayo and Bataller
1946Trionychidae Kuhn p. 59
1956Trionyx borkenensis Gramann
1957Platypeltis subcircularis Chow and Yeh
1963Aspideretes sculptus Yeh
1963Platypeltis subcircularis Yeh
1964Trionychidae Estes p. 98
1966Trionyx zakhidovi Khosatzky p. 387
1966Trionychidae Kuhn p. 30
1967Trionychidae Miller p. 226
1969Trionyx kazusensis Otsuka
1970Plastomenus mlynarskii Chkhikvadze
1970Trionychidae Estes and Berberian p. 5
1971Trionychidae Khosatzky and Mlynarski p. 141
1975Trionychidae Gaffney p. 428
1979Trionyx reticulatus Rieppel
1981Trionychidae Thurmond and Jones p. 137
1983Trionyx khosatzkyi Chkhikvadze
1983Trionyx capellinii bulgaricus Khosatzky et al.
1984Plastomenus gabunii Chkhikvadze
1985Aspideretes muyuensis Lei and Ye
1986Trionyx moldaviensis Khosatzky
1987Trionyx ishiharaensis Miura and Uyama
1988Trionychidae Carroll
1988Amyda menneri Chkhikvadze
1988Amyda menneri Chkhikvadze and Shuvalov
1988Trionychidae Holman and Case p. 328
1989Trionyx danovi Chkhikvadze
1989Trionyx jakhimovitchae Chkhikvadze
1993Trionychidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15
1995Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi Chkhikvadze
1996Trionychidae Frank and Ramus
1999Rafetus yexiangkuii Chkhikvadze
1999Trionychidae Head et al.
2000Rafetus karkhualexandri Chkhikvadze
2000Trionychidae Chkhikvadze
2001Trionychidae Peng et al. p. 26
2002Trionychidae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181
2003Trionychidae Hutchison and Holroyd
2004Trionychidae Joyce et al.
2006Trionychidae Head et al. p. 378
2007Trionyx ishiharaensis Hirayama p. 150
2007Trionyx ubeensis Hirayama p. 151
2007Trionychidae Karl p. 34
2007Trionychidae Staesche et al.
2008Aspideretes muyuensis Brinkman et al. p. 69
2008Aspideretes sculptus Brinkman et al. p. 71
2008Trionychidae Böhme p. 168
2008Altaytrionyx Chkhikvadze
2008Altaytrionyx burtschaki Chkhikvadze
2008Altaytrionyx devjatkini Chkhikvadze
2008Altaytrionyx gabunii Chkhikvadze
2008Altaytrionyx phiruzae Chkhikvadze
2008Zaisanonyx Chkhikvadze
2008Zaisanonyx jimenezfuentesi Chkhikvadze
2009Trionychidae Hutchison
2012Trionychidae Cadena et al. p. 548
2012Trionychidae Karl et al.
2013Trionychidae Danilov and Vitek
2013Trionychidae Hutchison et al.
2014Trionychidae van Dijk et al.
2017Trionychidae Brinkman et al. p. 2
2017Trionychidae Valdes et al. p. 121
2019Trionychidae Kato et al.
2020Trionychidae Veress and Codrea
2021Trionychidae Perez-Garcia and Smith

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
familyTrionychidaeGray 1825
familyTrionychidaeGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Trionychidae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
show all | hide all
G. Apalone Rafinesque 1832 [softshell turtle]
+
Subg. Apalone (Platypeltis) Fitzinger 1835
+
Platypeltis ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
Platypeltis sternbergi Wiman 1933
Apalone amorense Valdes et al. 2017
Apalone ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
Apalone lima Cope 1869
Apalone mutica LeSueur 1827 [smooth softshell turtle]
Apalone spinifera LeSueur 1827 [spiny softshell turtle]
Apalone trionychoides Cope 1872
G. Aspideretes Hay 1904
+
Aspideretes gangeticus Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell]
Aspideretes hurum Gray 1831 [Indian peacock softshell]
Aspideretes leithii Gray 1872 [Leith's softshell]
Aspideretes nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell]
Aspideretes sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958
G. Aspidonectes Wagler 1830
Subfm. †Chitrainae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. Chitra Gray 1844
+
Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986
+
Invalid names: Chitra selenkae Jaekel 1911 [replaced]
Chitra indica Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Trionyx indicus Gray 1831 [synonym]
Chitra vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003 [Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle]
G. Pelochelys Gray 1864
+
Pelochelys bibroni Owen 1853 [Asian giant softshell]
G. †Conchochelys Hay 1905
G. †Crassithecachelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. Cyclanorbinae Hummel 1929
+
G. Cyclanorbis Gray 1854
+
Cyclanorbis senegalensis Dumeril and Bibron 1835
Cyclanorbis turkanensis Meylan et al. 1990
G. Cycloderma Peters 1854
+
Cycloderma aubryi Joyce and Lyson 2010
Cycloderma debroinae Meylan et al. 1990
Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854
Cycloderma victoriae Andrews 1914
G. Lissemys Smith 1931
+
Lissemys ceylonensis Gray 1856 [Sri Lankan flapshell turtle]
Lissemys punctata Bonnaterre 1789
Lissemys scutata Peters 1868 [Burmese flapshell turtle]
Invalid names: Emyda lineata Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda palaeindica Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda sivalensis Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Lissemys piramensis Prasad 1974 [nomen dubium], Lissemys punctata sinhaleyus Deraniyagala 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nemegtemys Danilov et al. 2014
+
Nemegtemys conflata Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Eugenechelys Chkhikvadze 2000
G. †Hummelichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. †Kuhnemydinae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. †Kuhnemys Chkhikvadze 1999
+
Kuhnemys breviplastra Danilov et al. 2014
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym], Trionyx alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
Kuhnemys orlovi Khosatzky 1976
Kuhnemys palaeocenica Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Perochelys Li et al. 2015
+
Perochelys hengshanensis Brinkman et al. 2017
Perochelys lamadongensis Li et al. 2015
G. †Petrochelys Vitek et al. 2017
+
Petrochelys kyrgyzensis Nessov 1995
G. †Paleotrionyx Schmidt 1945
G. †Striatochelys Massonne et al. 2023
+
Striatochelys baba Massonne et al. 2023
G. †Temnotrionyx Hay 1908
Subfm. Trionychinae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
+
G. †Aulacochelys Lydekker 1889
G. †Axestemys Hay 1899
+
Axestemys byssina Cope 1872
Axestemys byssinus Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Eugenechelys robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008 [synonym], Temnotrionyx manducans Hay 1908 [synonym]
Axestemys cerevisia Vitek 2012
Axestemys erquelinnensis Perez-Garcia and Smith 2021
Axestemys infernalis Joyce et al. 2019
Axestemys montinsana Vitek 2012
Axestemys quinni Schmidt 1945
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes granifer Hay 1909 [synonym], Aspideretes planus Parks 1933 [synonym]
Axestemys vittata Pomel 1847
+
Invalid names: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym], Trionyx levalensis Dollo 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Axestus Cope 1872 [synonym], Eurycephalochelys Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym]
Tr. Chitrini Gray 1870
+
G. Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770
+
Invalid names: Trionyx trinilensis Jaekel 1911 [synonym]
Amyda exquisita Hay 1908
G. †Palaeoamyda Cadena 2016
G. Dogania Gray 1844
+
Dogania maortuensis Yeh 1965
Dogania subplana Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 1809 [Malayan softshell]
G. Nilssonia Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshells]
+
Nilssonia formosa Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshell]
Nilssonia gangetica Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell turtle]
Nilssonia hurum Gray 1830
+
Invalid names: Trionyx hurum Gray 1831 [synonym]
Nilssonia leithii Gray 1872 [Leiths softshell turtle]
Nilssonia nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell turtle]
Invalid names: Trionyx hurum sivalensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. Palea Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshells]
+
Palea steindachneri Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshell]
G. Pelodiscus Fitzinger 1835
+
Pelodiscus axenaria Zhou et al. 1991 [Hunan softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus gracilia Yeh 1963
Pelodiscus maackii Brandt 1857 [Northern Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus parviformis Tang 1997 [Lesser Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus sinensis Wiegmann 1835 [Chinese softshell]
Invalid names: Trionyx sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958 [nomen dubium]
G. Rafetus Gray 1864
+
Rafetus bohemicus Liebus 1930
Rafetus euphraticus Daudin 1802 [Euphrates softshell]
Rafetus swinhoei Gray 1873
+
Invalid names: Pelochelys taihuensis Zhang 1984 [synonym], Trionyx liupani Tao 1986 [synonym]
Tr. Trionychini Gray 1825
+
Subtr. Apalonina Meylan 1987 [softshell turtle]
+
G. †Ulutrionyx Kordikova 1994
+
Ulutrionyx ninae Chkhikvadze 1971
G. †Gobiapalone Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Oliveremys Vitek 2011
+
Oliveremys uintaensis Cope 1873
G. †Rafetoides Karl 1998
+
Rafetoides messelianus Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Rafetoides austriacus Peters 1858 [synonym], Trionyx messelianus lepsiusi Hummel 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trionyx messelianus kochi Hummel 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rafetoidina Karl 1998 [empty], Trionychina Gray 1825 [empty]
G. Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
Trionyx admirabilis Hay 1905
Trionyx aequa Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Amyda crassa Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx allani Gilmore 1923
Trionyx austerus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes fontanus Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes vorax Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx baynshirensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx beecheri Hay 1904
Trionyx boulengeri Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Trionyx clavatomarginatus Lörenthey 1903 [synonym]
Trionyx capellinii Negri 1892
+
Invalid names: Trionyx affinis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii conjugens Sacco 1894 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii gracilina Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii montevialensis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii perexpansa Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx gemmellaroi Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx insolitus Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx intermedius Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx schaurothianus Negri 1893 [synonym]
Trionyx dissolutus Vitek and Danilov 2014
Trionyx ellipticus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes annae Zangerl 1944 [synonym], Aspideretes grangeri Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx eloisae Gilmore 1919
Trionyx foveatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes maturus Lambe 1914 [synonym], Aspideretes rugosus Parks 1933 [synonym], Aspideretes subquadratus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier 1824
Trionyx gilbentuensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx gobiensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx gregarius Gilmore 1934
+
Invalid names: Rafetus gilmorei Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym]
Trionyx henrici Owen and Bell 1849
+
Invalid names: Trionyx barbarae Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx circumsulcatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx incrassatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx marginatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx planus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx rivosus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
Trionyx ikoviensis Danilov et al. 2011
Trionyx jixiensis Li et al. 2015
Trionyx johnsoni Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Amyda neimenguensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
Trionyx kansaiensis Vitek and Danilov 2010
Trionyx latus Gilmore 1919
Trionyx linchuensis Yeh 1962
Trionyx miensis Okazaki and Yoshida 1977
Trionyx minusculus Chkhikvadze 1973
Trionyx miocaenus Matthew 1924
Trionyx mira Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Platypeltis extensa Hay 1908 [synonym], Platypeltis postera Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx ninae Chkhikvadze 1971
+
Invalid names: Trionyx turgaicus Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977 [synonym], Trionyx zaisanensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [synonym]
Trionyx onomatoplokos Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx phayrei Theobald 1868
Trionyx pliocenicus Fucini 1912
Trionyx reesidei Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes quadratus Gilmore 1919 [synonym]
Trionyx riabinini Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx robustus Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes ovatus Gilmore 1935 [synonym]
Trionyx shiluutulensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx silvestris Walker and Moody 1974
+
Invalid names: Trionyx michauxi Broin 1977 [synonym]
Trionyx singularis Hay 1907
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes puercensis Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes sagatus Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx triunguis Forksal 1775 [African softshell turtle]
Trionyx uintaensis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Amyda franciscae Hay 1908 [synonym], Amyda nelsoni Case 1927 [synonym], Aspidonectes tritor Hay 1904 [synonym]
Trionyx vindobonensis Peters 1855
+
Invalid names: Trionyx brunhuberi Ammon 1911 [synonym], Trionyx gergensi Reinach 1900 [synonym], Trionyx hoernesi Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx peneckei Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx petersi Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx rostratus Arthaber 1898 [synonym], Trionyx septemcostatus Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx teiritzbergensis Gemel 2002 [synonym], Trionyx teyleri Winkler 1869 [synonym]
Invalid names: Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym], Sinamyda Chkhikvadze 2000 [synonym], Trionyx nopcsai Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Trionyx (Amyda) subangularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bambolii Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx blayaci Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx desmostyli Matsumoto 1918 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dieupentalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx harmati Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx irregularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliopedemontana Sacco 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stadleri Teppner 1913 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stiriacus Peters 1855 [nomen dubium]
G. †Zangerlichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Invalid names: Altaytrionyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx burtschaki Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx devjatkini Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx phiruzae Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Amyda menneri Chkhikvadze 1988 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Aspideretes muyuensis Lei and Ye 1985 [nomen dubium], Aspilus Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Aspilus cortesii Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Chitra minor Jaekel 1911 [nomen dubium], Lissemydinae Williams 1950 [empty], Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi Chkhikvadze 1995 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus gabunii Chkhikvadze 1984 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Plastomenus mlynarskii Chkhikvadze 1970 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis subcircularis Chow and Yeh 1957 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Rafetini Chkhikvadze 2000 [empty], Rafetus karkhualexandri Chkhikvadze 2000 [nomen nudum], Rafetus yexiangkuii Chkhikvadze 1999 [nomen dubium], Trionyx acutiformis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx amansii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx anthracotheriorum Portis 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aquitanicus Delfortrie 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aspidiformis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx australiensis De Vis 1894 [nomen dubium], Trionyx austriacus Peters 1859 [nomen dubium], Trionyx borkenensis Gramann 1956 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bowerbanki Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bruxelliensis Winkler 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx burdigalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx capellinii bulgaricus Khosatzky et al. 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx chaubeti Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ciryi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cliftii Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Trionyx croaticus Koch 1915 [nomen dubium], Trionyx danovi Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dodunii Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx elongatus Liebus 1930 [nomen dubium], Trionyx erquelinnensis Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Trionyx hilberi Hoernes 1892 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ishiharaensis Miura and Uyama 1987 [nomen dubium], Trionyx italicus Schauroth 1865 [nomen dubium], Trionyx jakhimovitchae Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx kazusensis Otsuka 1969 [nomen dubium], Trionyx khosatzkyi Chkhikvadze 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx laurillardii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx lockardi Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx lorioli Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx manouri Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx marini Hernández Sampelayo and Bataller 1944 [nomen dubium], Trionyx moldaviensis Khosatzky 1986 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mourieri Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx munzenbergensis Hummel 1927 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oligocenica Negri 1892 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oweni Reinach 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx parisiensis Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx partschii Peters 1855 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pedemontana Portis 1879 [nomen dubium], Trionyx petersi trifailensis Teppner 1914 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliocaenicus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pompignanensis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pontanus Laube 1895 [nomen dubium], Trionyx portisi Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx preschenensis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx propinquus Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pseudovindobonensis Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pustulatus Owen and Bell 1849 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ragusensis De Gregorio 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx reticulatus Rieppel 1979 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rocchettiana Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx roncensis Harrassowitz 1919 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rotundiformis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sculptus Gilmore 1931 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senckenbergianus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senensis Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx siegeri Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sophiae Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stormsi Delheid 1899 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ubeensis Chitani 1925 [nomen dubium], Trionyx valdensis Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx zakhidovi Khosatzky 1966 [nomen dubium], Zaisanonyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Body part: carapacef
Adult length: 100 to < 1000f
Grouping: solitaryf
Environment: brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: aquaticf
Diet: piscivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Comments: Life habit data corrected back to Ernst and Barbour (1999), see also Rhodin et al., (1993). Quit changing the turtle data. JJH. life habit and diet based on Uetz 2005; originally entered from Ernst and Barbour 1989 as brackish-freshwater piscivore-carnivore.f
Created: 2005-08-25 13:24:04
Modified: 2005-09-09 19:45:41
Source: f = family, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Ernst and Barbour 1989

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 130.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma

Collections (1198 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5China (Fujian) Trionyx fuchienensis (137596)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Mongolia (Dornogov) Trionychidae sp. (127658) Trionyx sp. (127659)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian136.4 - 113.0Japan (Gifu) Trionychidae indet. (50310)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45United Kingdom (England) Trionyx sp. (26791)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Nei Mongol) Trionychidae indet. (46881)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Trionychidae indet. (99337)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Liaoning) Perochelys lamadongensis (129475)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Japan (Fukui) Trionychidae indet. (38020)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5China (Nei Mongol) Testudines indet. (48930)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Laos (Savannakhet) Trionychidae indet. (118321)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5China (Heilongjiang) Trionyx jixiensis (169467)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Mongolia (Omnogov) Trionychidae indet. (154401)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Montana) Trionyx sp. (50696)
Albian113.0 - 100.5China (Zhejiang) Perochelys hengshanensis (187435)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian112.03 - 105.3Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Trionyx sp. (92400)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian105.3 - 93.9Uzbekistan (Navoi) Trionyx dissolutus, Trionyx sp. (58471)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Dogania maortuensis (58483)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Uzbekistan (Karakalpakistan) Trionyx kyrgyzensis, Trionyx dissolutus (64098)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Nevada) Trionychidae indet. (181586)
Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian100.5 - 89.3Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Trionychidae indet. (154410)