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Osteoglossiformes

Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1940Osteoglossiformes Berg
1981Osteoglossiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 96
1997Osteoglossiformes Li et al.
1999Osteoglossiformes Weems p. 56
2000Osteoglossiformes Newbrey and Bozek p. 13
2002Osteoglossiformes Sepkoski
2006Osteoglossiformes Nelson
2010Osteoglossiformes Bogan et al. p. 165
2011Osteoglossiformes Long p. 242
2013Osteoglossiformes Betancur et al.
2014Osteoglossiformes Bannikov p. 25
2016Osteoglossiformes Nelson et al. p. 155
2019Osteoglossiformes Ebersole et al. p. 164
2022Osteoglossiformes Cicimurri et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Osteoglossocephalai
—Osteoglossocephala
superorderOsteoglossomorpha
orderOsteoglossiformesBerg 1940
orderOsteoglossiformesBerg 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Osteoglossiformes Berg 1940
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G. Arapaima Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
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Arapaima gigas Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
G. †Thrissopterus Heckel 1856
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†Thrissopterus catullii Heckel 1856
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G. †Foreyichthys Taverne 1979
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†Foreyichthys bolcensis Taverne 1979
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G. Gymnarchus Cuvier 1829 [aba knifefish]
G. †Lopadichthys Murray et al. 2018
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†Lopadichthys colwellae Murray et al. 2018
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G. †Aokiichthys Yabumoto 1994
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†Aokiichthys changae Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys otai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys praedorsalis Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys toriyamai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys uyenoi Yabumoto 1994
G. †Changichthys Su 1991
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G. †Yungkangichthys Chang and Chou 1974
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†Yungkangichthys hsitanensis Chang and Chou 1974
†Yungkangichthys macrodon Yabumoto 1994
G. †Monopteros Volta 1796
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†Monopteros gigas Volta 1796
Fm. Notopteridae [knifefish]
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G. †Notopterus Lacepede 1800
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†Notopterus primaevus Gunther 1876
Invalid names: Notopterinae [empty], Xenomystinae [empty]
G. †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko 1968
Fm. Osteoglossidae Bonaparte 1832 [arowana]
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G. †Dapedoglossus Cope 1877
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†Dapedoglossus testis Cope 1877
G. Heterotis Rüppell 1828 [African arowana]
Subfm. Osteoglossinae Nelson 1968
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G. †Brychaetus Agassiz 1845
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†Brychaetus muelleri Woodward 1901
G. †Cretophareodus Lim 1996
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G. †Phareodus Leidy 1873
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†Phareodus acutus Leidy 1873
†Phareodus encaustus Cope 1871
†Phareodus testis Cope 1877
G. †Singida Greenwood and Patterson 1967
G. †Taverneichthys Kumar et al. 2005
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†Taverneichthys bikanericus Kumar et al. 2005
G. †Scleropages Gunther 1864
Invalid names: Heterodontinae [empty], Heterotidinae Nelson 1968 [empty]
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Fm. Pantodontidae Peters 1876
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G. †Capassopiscis Taverne 2022
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†Capassopiscis pankowskii Taverne 2022
G. †Palaeopantodon Taverne 2021
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G. †Pankowskipiscis Taverne 2021
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G. †Petersichthys Taverne 2021
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†Petersichthys libanicus Taverne 2021
G. †Prognathoglossum Taverne and Capasso 2012
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†Prognathoglossum kalassyi Taverne and Capasso 2012
Invalid names: Clupisudidae [empty]
G. †Tongxinichthys Ma 1980
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Fm. †Wakinoichthiidae Yabumoto 1994
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G. †Wakinoichthys Yabumoto 1994
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†Wakinoichthys aokii Yabumoto 1994
†Wakinoichthys robustus Yabumoto 1994
G. Wilsonichthys Murray et al. 2016
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Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis Murray et al. 2016
G. †Xixiaichthys Zhang 2004
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Invalid names: Mormyridae [empty], Saurocephalidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatero
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:33:46
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:33:30
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 168.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 166.1 Ma

Collections (131 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (176120)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Oriental) Osteoglossiformes indet. (45726)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (204918 204936)
Neocomian145.0 - 125.77Japan (Fukuoka) Aokiichthys sp., Aokiichthys toriyamai, Aokiichthys changae, Aokiichthys otai, Aokiichthys uyenoi, Aokiichthys praedorsalis (145243) Wakinoichthys aokii (145246) Wakinoichthys aokii, Wakinoichthys robustus (145244) Yungkangichthys macrodon, Wakinoichthys aokii (145245)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0China Xixiaichthys tongxiensis (117997)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0China (NingXia) Tongxinichthys microdus (119465)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Changichthys dalinghensis (126448)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Ishikawa) Osteoglossidae indet. (32324)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0South Korea (Kyongsangnam-do) Wakinoichthys aokii (144935)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon Capassopiscis pankowskii, Petersichthys libanicus, Pankowskipiscis haqelensis, Palaeopantodon vandersypeni (221948)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon Prognathoglossum kalassyi (221170)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys sp. (14425 14426 14428 190344 190345)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Osteoglossidae indet. (38682)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Osteoglossidae indet. (74660)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Cretophareodus sp. (229975)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Osteoglossidae indet. (57000)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (58100 222693)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (226125) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidae indet. (75493)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Montana) Wilsonichthys sp. (227221)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mali Brychaetus sp. (114954)
Maastrichtian - Danian72.1 - 61.6Bolivia Brychaetus sp. (123343)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14549 144499 144500 192242 192247) Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys sp. (144502)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14631)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis, Lopadichthys sp. (14519)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Heterotidinae indet. (12855)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Notopterus nolfi, Scleropages intertrappus (122240) Phareodus sp. (153368) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidarum intertrappus, Osteoglossidae indet., Notopteridae indet. (27014)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (190346)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Valencia) Osteoglossidae indet. (47035)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene70.6 - 61.7India (Madhya Pradesh) Osteoglossidae indet. (226992)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Mexico (Chiapas) Phareodus sp. (190739)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Bolivia (Mizque) Phareodus sp. (13501)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland Osteoglossidae indet. (206772)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Joffrichthys sp. (24926)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0India (Rajasthan) Taverneichthys bikanericus (192265)
Paleocene - Eocene66.0 - 33.9Mali Brychaetus sp. (202361)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys sp. (22732)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Niger Brychaetus muelleri (229530)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys colwellae (191920)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene58.7 - 48.6India Osteoglossidae indet. (91316)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Mali (Gao) Brychaetus sp. (175262)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Foreyichthys bolcensis, Thrissopterus catullii, Monopteros gigas (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Osteoglossiformes indet. (71438)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Maryland ) Brychaetus muelleri (124192)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81179 209524)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Phareodus encaustus (134736) Phareodus testis (134737)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (74615 74617)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Brychaetus muelleri (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Mississippi) Brychaetus muelleri (164192)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (182921)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan (North-West Frontier) Osteoglossidae indet. (28978)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Tanzania Singida jacksonoides (31499)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81224)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan Osteoglossidae indet. (125084)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) Brychaetus sp. (41888)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9Libya (Sirt) Gymnarchus sp. (175361 175362 187328)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (209520)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Brychaetus sp. (75638)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Osteoglossidae indet. (175334) Osteoglossiformes indet. (162464)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Osteoglossidae indet. (60444 224900)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya Mormyridae indet., Osteoglossidae indet. (174672)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Australia (Queensland) Scleropages leichardti (227021)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22217 22245 22247 22398 22400 22405 22433 22457)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Peru (Loreto) Osteoglossiformes indet. (224008 224009 224010) Osteoglossiformes indet., Osteoglossoidei indet. (224007)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Colombia (Huila) Arapaima gigas (186568)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Osteoglossidae indet. (55602)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22358 22443)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22345)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Gymnarchus sp. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22242)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21510) Gymnarchus sp. (22338) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22240)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22265)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Gymnarchus sp. (22239) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22235)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22346)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21546)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21425)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21545)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21398 21478 21486 21504 21537) Gymnarchus sp. (21420)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21367 21421 21495 21498)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia Osteoglossiformes indet. (48858)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22098)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21368)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niger Gymnarchus niloticus, Heterotis niloticus (83304) Mormyridae indet., Heterotis niloticus (83305)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Mormyridae indet. (21871)