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Pycnodus
Taxonomy
Pycnodus was named by Agassiz (1833) [Sepkoski's age data: J u T Eo-m-u].
It was assigned to Pycnodontes by Agassiz (1835); to Rhomboganoidei by Leidy (1873); to Pycnodontiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Pycnodontinae by Cantalice et al. (2019); and to Pycnodontidae by Cope (1878), Woodward (1895), Hay (1902), Casier (1946), Rapp (1946), Casier (1966), Sahni and Mishra (1975), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Nursall (1996), Weems (1998), Weems (1999), Goodwin et al. (1999), Carnevale et al. (2014), Bannikov (2014), Maisch et al. (2016) and Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Pycnodontes by Agassiz (1835); to Rhomboganoidei by Leidy (1873); to Pycnodontiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Pycnodontinae by Cantalice et al. (2019); and to Pycnodontidae by Cope (1878), Woodward (1895), Hay (1902), Casier (1946), Rapp (1946), Casier (1966), Sahni and Mishra (1975), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Nursall (1996), Weems (1998), Weems (1999), Goodwin et al. (1999), Carnevale et al. (2014), Bannikov (2014), Maisch et al. (2016) and Ebersole et al. (2019).
Species
P. angustus, P. apodus, P. bicresta, P. bowerbanki, P. carolinensis, P. comminuens, P. complanatus, P. couloni, P. cretaceus, P. depressus, P. didymus, P. flabellatus, P. gigas, P. granulatus, P. hugii, P. jugleri, P. lametae, P. latior, P. latirostris, P. mantellii (syn. P. microdon), P. minutus, P. munsteri, P. nicoleti, P. orbicularis, P. ovalis, P. parallelus, P. planidens, P. platessus, P. praecursor, P. preufsii, P. priscus, P. robustus, P. toliapicus, P. umbonatus, P. variabilis
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1833 | Pycnodus Agassiz p. 16 figs. Vol I, Pl G, fig 1 |
1835 | Pycnodus Agassiz p. 38ff |
1873 | Pycnodus Leidy p. 349 |
1878 | Pycnodus Cope p. 298 |
1895 | Pycnodus Woodward p. 275 |
1902 | Pycnodus Hay p. 373 |
1946 | Pycnodus Casier p. 112 |
1946 | Pycnodus Rapp p. 511 |
1966 | Pycnodus Casier p. 104 |
1975 | Pycnodus Sahni and Mishra p. 12 |
1987 | Pycnodus Kumar and Loyal p. 68 |
1996 | Pycnodus Nursall p. 137 |
1998 | Pycnodus Weems p. 149 |
1999 | Pycnodus Goodwin et al. p. 732 |
1999 | Pycnodus Weems p. 55 |
2002 | Pycnodus Sepkoski |
2014 | Pycnodus Bannikov p. 25 |
2014 | Pycnodus Carnevale et al. p. 41 |
2016 | Pycnodus Maisch et al. p. 5 |
2019 | Pycnodus Cantalice et al. p. 432 |
2019 | Pycnodus Ebersole et al. p. 152 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Pycnodus Agassiz 1833
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†Pycnodus angustus Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus apodus Volta 1796
†Pycnodus bicresta Kumar and Loyal 1987
†Pycnodus bowerbanki Egerton 1877
†Pycnodus carolinensis Emmons 1858
†Pycnodus comminuens Hay 1916
†Pycnodus complanatus Agassiz 1834
†Pycnodus couloni Agassiz 1843
†Pycnodus cretaceus Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus depressus Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus didymus Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus flabellatus Cope 1885
†Pycnodus gigas Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus granulatus Münster 1846
†Pycnodus hugii Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus jugleri Münster 1846
†Pycnodus lametae Woodward 1908
†Pycnodus latior Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus latirostris Agassiz 1843
†Pycnodus minutus Münster 1846
†Pycnodus munsteri Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus nicoleti Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus orbicularis Volta 1796
†Pycnodus ovalis Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus parallelus Dixon 1850
†Pycnodus planidens Hay 1916
†Pycnodus platessus Blainville 1818
†Pycnodus praecursor Dartevelle and Casier 1949
†Pycnodus preufsii Münster 1846
†Pycnodus priscus Henry 1876
†Pycnodus robustus Leidy 1857
†Pycnodus toliapicus Agassiz 1839
†Pycnodus umbonatus Agassiz 1833
†Pycnodus variabilis Stromer 1905
†Pycnodus variabilis togoensis Stromer 1910
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Middle Eocene or 168.30000 to 37.20000 Ma
Collections (78 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Bathonian | United Kingdom | P. sp. (131844) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | P. minutus, P. jugleri, P. granulatus, P. preufsii, P. gigas, P. nicoleti, P. ovalis, P. didymus (67913) | |
Tithonian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | P. sp. (144342) | |
Tithonian | Ethiopia (Shewa) | P. sp. (48841) | |
Early/Lower Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | P. sp. (91990) | |
Early/Lower Valanginian | Switzerland | P. cylindricus (2225) | |
Valanginian | Portugal | P. sp. (65680) | |
Valanginian | Switzerland | P. sp. (2217 2247) | |
Valanginian | France | P. cylindricus (2222) | |
Hauterivian | Switzerland | P. couloni (2198 2256 2259) | |
Barremian | Switzerland | P. couloni (2197) | |
Barremian | France | P. couloni (2195) | |
Early/Lower Aptian | Switzerland | P. complanatus, P. munsteri (2175 2232) | |
Aptian | France | P. munsteri, P. couloni (2186) | |
Albian | Algeria (El Bayadh) | P. sp. (206288) | |
Albian | Switzerland | P. obliquus (2237) | |
Albian | Algeria | P. sp. (187588) | |
Early/Lower Albian | Italy (Campania) | P. gigas (112631) | |
Cenomanian | Algeria (Adrar) | P. sp. (59341) | |
Cenomanian | Algeria (El Bayadh) | P. sp. (206286) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Morocco (Er Rachida) | P. sp. (120457) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | Brazil (Sergipe) | P. cretaceus (143065) | |
Middle Turonian | Brazil (Sergipe) | P. sp. (143152) | |
Campanian - Paleocene | Mali | P. jonesae (202360) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | P. bicresta (222693) P. sp. (58100) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | P. bicresta, Pycnodontidae indet. (60397) P. lametai (11604) | |
Maastrichtian | Mali | P. jonesae, P. sp. (114954) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | P. sp. (226125) | |
Maastrichtian | Niger (Tahoua) | P. sp. (178660) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | P. sp. (172948) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | P. bicresta, P. sp. (58102) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | P. lametae (122240 153368) P. sp. (27014) | |
Danian | Mexico (Chiapas) | P. sp. (190738 190739) | |
Paleocene | Saudi Arabia (Makkah) | P. sp. (140955) P. very large sp. (140972 140975) P. very large sp., P. medium sized sp. (140970 140974) | |
Paleocene - Eocene | Mali | P. jonesae (202361) P. sp. (202362) | |
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Mali | P. jonesae (193687) | |
Thanetian | Niger | P. praecursor (229530) | |
Thanetian | Togo (Maritime) | P. variabilis (167948) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (South Carolina) | P. sp. (152240) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | India | P. sp. (91316) | |
Ypresian | Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) | P. pellei (42459) | |
Ypresian | Belgium | P. sp. (219001 219004 219005 219006) | |
Ypresian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | P. toliapicus (31267 31269) | |
Ypresian | Italy | P. apodus (94830) | |
Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | P. sp., P. toliapicus, P. bowerbanki (13299) | |
Ypresian | Mali (Gao) | P. maliensis, P. zeaformis, P. sp. (175262) | |
Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | P. sp. (81179 209524) | |
Ypresian - Middle Eocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | P. toliapicus (31298) | |
Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | P. sp. (15595) | |
Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | P. bowerbanki (164192) | |
Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | P. sp. (209368 209521) | |
Lutetian | Ukraine | P. sp. (211009) | |
Lutetian | India (Kutch) | P. sp. (45590) | |
Lutetian | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | P. bicresta (31299) | |
Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | P. sp. (41888) P. toliapicus (41989 41998) | |
Priabonian | Egypt | P. mokattamensis (198761) |