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Squalus

Chondrichthyes - Squalidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Squalus Linnaeus p. 233
1818Acanthias Leach
1854Spinax (Acanthias) Girard
1904Acanthias Chapman and Pritchard p. 269
1923Squalus Jordan and Hanibal p. 58
1924Acanthias Chapman and Cudmore p. 109
1926Acanthias Leriche p. 381
1963Acanthias Jordan p. 601
1963Squalus Jordan p. 601
1966Squalus Cassier p. 62
1983Squalus Bendix-Almgreen p. 2
1992Squalus Long p. 15
1993Squalus Cvancara and Hoganson p. 5
1993Squalus Siverson p. 4
1999Squalus Underwood and Mitchell
2001Squalus Purdy et al. p. 87
2002Squalus Sepkoski
2007Squalus Kocsis p. 29
2008Squalus Adnet et al. p. 713
2018Squalus Kent p. 59
2019Squalus Cappetta et al. p. 1146
2019Squalus Hoganson et al. p. 16
2020Squalus Villafaña et al.
2022Squalus Cicimurri et al.
2024Squalus Feichtinger et al. p. 4

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassElasmobranchiiBonaparte 1838
infraclassEuselachii()
NeoselachiiCompagno 1977
Selachii
superorderSqualimorphi
SqualidaNelson et al. 2016
Squaliformes(Goodrich 1909)
familySqualidaeBonaparte 1834
genusSqualus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Squalus Linnaeus 1758
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Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 [spiny dogfish]
Squalus ballingsloevensis Siverson 1993
Squalus balsvikensis Siverson 1993
Squalus cinereus Gmelin 1789
Squalus crenatidens Arambourg 1952
Squalus gabrielsoni Siverson 1993
Squalus latidens Davis 1887
Squalus minor Daimeries 1888
Squalus nicholsae Cappetta et al. 2019
Squalus orpiensis Winkler 1874
Squalus perlo Bonnaterre 1788
Squalus serriculus Jordan and Hanibal 1923
Squalus stehlini Leriche 1938
Squalus suckleyi Girard 1854
Squalus vondermarcki Müller and Schöllmann 1989
Squalus weltoni Long 1992
Squalus woodburnei Long 1992
Invalid names: Acanthias Leach 1818 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-21 07:18:41
Modified: 2009-07-21 09:18:41
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 99.60000 to 0.12600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.5 Ma

Collections (112 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Japan (Hokkaido) Centrophoroides latidens (161434)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) S. sp. (213364)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lithuania S. sp. (213719)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) S. sp. (213365)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Japan Centrophoroides latidens (219963)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Lebanon Centrophoroides latidens (92241 221157)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Germany (Niedersachsen) S. vondermarcki (31992)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (British Columbia) S. sp., S. vondermarcki, S. nicholsae (221571) S. vondermarcki, S. nicholsae (221572)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Israel S. sp. (35443)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Dakota) S. sp. (123582)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0New Zealand S. sp. (153464)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Sweden S. ballingsloevensis, S. balsvikensis (214324 214325 214329 214330 214332 214333 214353) S. balsvikensis (214323 214351 214352)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Sweden S. gabrielsoni (214328)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) S. ballingsloevensis (213582 213584 213585 213589 213591) S. sp., S. ballingsloevensis (213587)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) S. huntensis (61738)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7USA (New Jersey) S. minor (62840)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Morocco S. sp. (83311 210053)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Austria S. crenatidens (233260) S. sp., S. crenatidens (233261)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Algeria S. sp. (232262)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (California) S. sp. (189952)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Megasqualus orpiensis (68175)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) S. minor (3260 8050 13299 76601 185914)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) S. crenatidens (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene55.8 - 37.2United Kingdom (England) S. minor (3256 3257 3258)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Ukraine (Crimea) S. alsaticus, S. sp. (140018)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Uzbekistan S. sp. (62573)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.6 - 33.9Chile S. weltoni (99479)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (California) S. sp. (200654)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) S. minor (41888 41989 41992 41998)
Lutetian - Bartonian47.8 - 38.0Antarctica (Seymour Island) S. woodburnei, S. weltoni (53666)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Oregon) S. sp. (201281)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) S. sp. (40530)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Antarctica S. woodburnei, S. weltoni (31173)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Japan (Fukuoka) S. sp. (161440)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France S. alsaticus (69805)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) S. alsaticus (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) S. sp. (60444 224900)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany S. alsaticus (95898)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Netherlands S. alsaticus (87250)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Czech Republic S. alsaticus (125331)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) S. alsaticus, Megasqualus orpiensis (32012)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Venezuela (Falcon) Acanthias stehlini (221443)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (California) S. serriculus (11601)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Australia (Victoria) Acanthias geelongensis (176296)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Slovakia S. sp. (47461)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Japan (Hiroshima) S. sp. (161447)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Japan (Nagano) S. sp. (161443)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Bavaria) S. sp. (210593)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Hungary S. sp. (210623)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) S. sp. (18579)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Portugal (Penedo) S. sp. (161620)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Virginia) S. sp. (79793)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (California) S. sericulus (19595) S. serriculus (59059)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Japan (Hokuriku) S. seniculus (161493)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France (Loupian) S. sp. (161623)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Netherlands S. sp. (45505)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Mexico (Baja California) S. sp. (52183)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Australia (Victoria) Acanthias geelongensis (204306)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Japan (Gifu) S. sp. (161445)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Japan (Hokuriku) S. serriculus (161496)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Japan (Hokuriku) S. serriculus (161489)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Argentina (Entre Rios) S. sp. (55599)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62France (Gironde) S. sp. (161524)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) S. sp. (161993 161995)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Slovakia (Bratislava) Acanthias sp. (161996)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Belgium S. alsaticus, S. sp. (208831)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Denmark S. acanthias (98312)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Argentina (Entre Rios) S. eocenus, S. obliquidens (13626)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama (Colon) S. sp. (160781)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Virginia) S. sp. (152251)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) S. acanthias (162679)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa S. sp. (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Netherlands S. sp. (53889)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Costa Rica (Limon) S. sp. (162678)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333USA (Virginia) S. sp. (179732)
MN 137.246 - 4.9Portugal S. sp. (65954)
MN 137.246 - 4.9Portugal (Alvalade) S. sp. (65955)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Mexico (Baja) S. sp. (154117)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) S. sp. (52582)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (California) S. sp. (75482)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781United Kingdom (England) Acanthias vulgaris (58420)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (Oregon) S. suckleyi (222408)