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Spariformes

Actinopteri - Spariformes

Taxonomy
Spariformes is an order. It is extant.

It was assigned to Percomorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Spariformes Betancur et al.
2016Spariformes Nelson et al. p. 502

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
Teleosteomorpha
Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
Osteoglossocephalai
ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
Euteleosteomorpha
NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
Ctenosquamata
Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
Euacanthomorphacea
Percomorphaceae
Percomorpharia
orderSpariformes
orderSpariformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. Centracanthus Rafinesque 1810
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Centracanthus pobedinae Bratishko et al. 2015
G. Spicara Rafinesque 1810
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Spicara arambourgi Nolf 1971
Spicara gossei Steurbaut 1984
Spicara smaris Linnaeus 1758
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G. Lethrinus Cuvier 1829
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Lethrinus crassiornatus Schwarzhans 2019
G. Monotaxis Bennett 1830
Fm. Nemipteridae Regan 1930
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G. Nemipterus Swainson 1839
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Nemipterus caribbaeus Nolf and Dockery 1993
Fm. Sparidae Cuvier 1817
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G. †Abromasta Day 2002
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Abromasta microdon Agassiz 1839
Subfm. †Dentinae
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G. †Podocephalus Agassiz 1843
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Podocephalus curryi Casier 1966
Podocephalus nitidus Casier 1966
G. †Sciaenuropsis Casier 1966
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Sciaenuropsis turneri Casier 1966
G. Diplodus Rafinesque 1810
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Diplodus jamnitanus Valenciennes 1844
Diplodus jomnitanus Valencienes 1844
Diplodus karrerae Nolf and Steurbaut 1979
G. †Ellaserrata Day 2002
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Ellaserrata monksi Day 2002
Subg. Otolithus (Chrysophris) Cuvier 1829
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Chrysophris doederleini Bassoli and Schubert 1906
Chrysophris hennii Van Beneden 1871
Chrysophris miolankae Deraniyagala 1969
Chrysophrys brevis Lednev 1914
Chrysophrys diatomaceus Bogatshov 1942
Chrysophrys honi Leriche 1926
G. †Plectrites Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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Plectrites classeni Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Pseudosparnodus Day 2002
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G. †Rythmias Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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Rythmias starri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Sargus Walbaum 1792
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Sargus cuvieri Agassiz 1839
Sargus laticonus Davis 1888
Sargus oranensis Woodward 1901
G. †Sciaenurus Agassiz 1843
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Sciaenurus bowerbanki Agassiz 1845
G. †Sparidarum Bonaparte 1832
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Sparidarum crescens Frost 1925
Sparidarum doderleini Bassoli 1906
Sparidarum elongatus Priem 1906
Sparidarum frosti Vorstman 1927
Sparidarum gautieri Steurbaut 1984
Sparidarum gregarius Koken 1891
Sparidarum pectinoides Stinton and Nolf 1970
G. †Sparnodus Agassiz 1835
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Sparnodus altivelis Agassiz 1835
Sparnodus elongatus Agassiz 1835
Sparnodus eotauricus Bogatshov 1965
Sparnodus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
Sparnodus micracanthus Agassiz 1839
Sparnodus ovalis Agassiz 1835
Sparnodus vulgaris de Blainville 1818
Invalid names: Denticinae [empty]
Invalid names: Callanthiidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: omnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 20:44:22
Modified: 2009-07-20 22:44:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma

Collections (123 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) Sparidae indet. (67225)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Sparidae indet. (47782)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Sparidae indet. (45087)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Sparidae indet. (47893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Sparidae indet. (48865 118194 148954 172588)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland Sparidarum carribaeus (22943)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Denmark Sparidarum sp. (159792 159793)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2USA (Alabama) Sparidae indet., Nemipterus caribbaeus (87817)
Selandian - Thanetian61.6 - 56.0Ukraine Sparidarum spatiatus (159509)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Sparnodus elongatus, Sparnodus vulgaris, Pseudosparnodus microstomus, Ellaserrata monksi, Abromasta microdon (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica (Seymour Island) Sparidae indet. (176085)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica Sparidae indet. (100414)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Sciaenurus bowerbanki, Podocephalus nitidus, Podocephalus curryi (13299)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Spicara armabourgi (220174)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Sciaenurus bowerbanki (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Nemipterus minsterensis (3262)
Mangaorapan - Heretaungan53.0 - 46.2New Zealand (South Island) Lethrinus crassiornatus (219501)
Heretaungan49.5 - 46.2New Zealand (South Island) Lethrinus crassiornatus (219498)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Centracanthus cahuzaci (188960)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Belgium Lagodon pectinoides (123069)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Lower Saxony,) Sparidarum sp., Sparidarum pectinoides (188954)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) Otolithus gregarius (42636 42641)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Chrysophrys blankenhorni (149316)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Sparidae indet. (75638)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Libya Chrysophrys sp. (42144)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Otolithus gregarius (42640)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Sparidae indet. (162464 175334)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France Diplodus sp. (69805)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Diplodus sp. (224900)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany Chrysophris schoppi (95898)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1New Zealand Sargus laticonus (187476)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Hungary Sparidae indet. (124377)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Belgium Sparidarum sp. (188930)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333New Zealand (South Island) Sparidarum gregarius (205843)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Louisiana) Sparidarum sp. (44521)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany Sparidae indet. (57119)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Hungary Spicara sp., Sparidae indet. (184477)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (South Carolina) Sparidae indet. (97550)
Chattian - Early/Lower Miocene28.1 - 15.97Greece (Greneva) Spicara gossei (222448)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Italy Chrysophrys cincta (47623)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Hungary (Esztergom) Sparidae indet. (186636)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Costa Rica Diplodus jomnitanus (187875)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Indonesia (Maros) Sparidae indet. (187654)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333New Zealand (South Island) Sargus laticonus (202913 202915)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Japan (Tottori) Sparidae indet. (161450)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Sri Lanka Chrysophrys miolankae (13449)
Neogene23.03 - 2.588Indonesia (Aceh) Sparidarum voslangensis, Sparidarum crescens (223637 223639)
Neogene23.03 - 2.588Indonesia Sparidarum gregarius (223638)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Sparidae indet. (37238)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Spain (Mallorca) Diplodus vulgaris, Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (155253)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Colombia (La Guajira) Sparidae sp. (166506)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Sparidae indet. (47095)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy Diplodus sp., Sparidae morphotype 1, Sparidae morphotype 2 (70814)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Sparidae indet. (49102)
Burdigalian - Tortonian20.44 - 7.246France Diplodus jomnitanus (187577)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (Southland) Sparidarum gregarius (85538)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand Sparidarum elongatus (67897 67900)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Sri Lanka (Puttalam) Chrysophrys miolankae (14149)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France Diplodus sp. (219197)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Austria Diplodus incisivus, Sparidae indet. (51002)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany Sparidae indet. (46955)
MN 5 - MN 615.97 - 12.75Portugal Diplodus jomnitanus (65912)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62France Diplodus sp. (154318 154319)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Argentina (Entre Rios) Sparidae indet., Chrysophrys sp. (55599)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kazakhstan Centracanthus pobedinae (174760)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Poland Diplodus sp. (162017)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) Diplodus sitifensis, Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161993) Diplodus sitifensis, Sparidae indet. (161995) Sparidae indet. (161994)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Slovakia (Bratislava) Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161996)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (California) Sparidae indet. (84331)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Sparidae indet. (207584 207585 207587 207589)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy Sparidarum doderleini (178120)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Plectrites classeni (45489)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Argentina (Entre Rios) Sargus incertus (13626) Sparidae indet. (128628 140010)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama Sparidae indet. (24237)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Spain (Balearic Islands) Diplodus jommnitanus (162713 162714)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Portugal Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (56459)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey Sparidae indet. (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa Sparidae indet. (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (California) Plectrites classeni (185671 185673)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Costa Rica (Limon) Diplodus oweni (162678)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Diplodus sp., Diplodus oranensis, Diplodus jomnitanus (59256)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Diplodus jomnitanus (186631) Diplodus oranensis (219784) Spicara dionysii (186582) Spicara dionysii, Diplodus oranensis (186585)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Sparidae indet. (207591)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (Florida) Sparidae indet. (46369)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Diplodus annularis, Spicara maena (207769)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Morocco Sparidae indet. (32052)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Sargus oweni (207359)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Greece (Rhodes) Sparidae indet., Spicara smaris (207579 207580) Spicara smaris (207581)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.781Greece (Rhodes) Diplodus annularis, Spicara smaris (207571)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.126Italy Spicara smaris (159378)
Gelasian - Ionian2.588 - 0.126Greece (Kephallonia) Sparidae indet. (207577)
Calabrian1.806 - 0.781Italy Diplodus puntazzo, Spicara smaris (159140) Spicara smaris (159288)
Ionian0.781 - 0.126Greece (Rhodes) Spicara smaris (207568)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Spain Diplodus sargus (90036)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Greece (Argolida) Sparidae indet. (182709)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Lethrinidae indet., Monotaxis grandoculus (194995) Monotaxis grandoculus (194997 194999)