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Carangimorphariae

Actinopteri

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Carangimorphariae Betancur et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Carangimorpharia
—Carangimorphariae
—Carangimorphariae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. Carangidae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Alectis Rafinesque 1815
G. †Archaeus Agassiz 1843
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†Archaeus brevis Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus glarisianus Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus oblongus Danil'chenko 1968
G. †Argyreiosus Sauvage 1870
G. †Belgocaranx Taverne et al. 2006
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†Belgocaranx luypaertsi Taverne et al. 2006
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G. Caranx Lacépède 1802
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†Caranx albyi Sauvage 1880
†Caranx baltruschi de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx femeri de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx gracilis Kramberger 1882
†Caranx macoveii Pauca 1929
†Caranx orolomaensis David 1946
†Caranx primaevus Eastman 1904
†Caranx scillae Sauvage 1873
†Caranx weileri Bogatshov 1933
G. †Ceratoichthys Blot 1969
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†Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis Blainville 1818
G. Decapterus Bleeker 1850
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†Decapterus agilis Jordan 1925
†Decapterus hopkinsi Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Eastmanalepes Bannikov 1984
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†Eastmanalepes primaevus Eastman 1904
G. †Equula Cuvier 1815
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†Equula altapinna Weiler 1955
G. †Lichia Cuvier 1817
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Lichia amia Linnaeus 1758
†Lichia veronensis Bannikov and Sorbini 1990
G. Oligoplites Gill 1864
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†Oligoplites spinosus Smirnov 1936
G. †Paratrachinotus Blot 1969
G. Platax Cuvier 1817
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†Platax altissimus Agassiz 1835
†Platax macropterygius Agassiz 1835
†Platax papilio Volta 1796
†Platax woodwardii Agassiz 1839
G. Pseudocaranx Bleeker 1863
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†Pseudocaranx pertenuis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Selene Lacepède 1802
G. Seriola Cuvier 1817
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†Seriola dallonii Arambourg 1927
†Seriola prisca Agassiz 1834
†Seriola sanctaebarbarae Jordan 1921
G. Teratichthys Koenig 1825
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G. †Trachicaranx Daniltshenko 1968
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†Trachicaranx tersus Danil'chenko 1968
G. Trachurus Lacépède 1802
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†Trachurus costatus Casier 1966
Trachurus declivis Jenyns 1841
Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner 1868
†Trachurus miosensis Lafond-Grellety 1979
Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Vomeropsis Heckel 1853
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†Vomeropsis triurus Volta 1796
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G. Echeneis Linnaeus 1758
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†Echeneis urupensis Daniltshenko 1958
G. †Oligoremora Micklich et al. 2016
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†Oligoremora rhenana Micklich et al. 2016
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G. Rachycentron Kaup 1826
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†Rachycentron stremphaencus Godfrey and Carnevale 2021
Invalid names: Coryphaenidae [empty], Nematistiidae [empty]
Fm. Centropomidae Poey 1868
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G. Centropomus Lacépède 1802
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†Centropomus excavatus Casier 1966
G. Lates Cuvier 1828 [lates]
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†Lates gibbus Agassiz 1833
†Lates gracilis Agassiz 1833
†Lates macrurus Agassiz 1833
Lates niloticus Linnaeus 1758 [Nile perch]
†Lates notaeus Agassiz 1833
†Lates qatraniensis Murray and Attia 2004
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G. †Hemirhabdorhynchus Casier 1946
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G. Istiophorus Lacépède 1802
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†Istiophorus antiquus Leidy 1855
†Istiophorus parvulus Marsh 1869
Istiophorus platypterus Shaw and Nodder 1792
Invalid names: Brachyrhynchus Van Beneden 1871 [synonym], Encheiziphius Rutimeyer 1857 [synonym]
G. Makaira Lacépède 1802
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†Makaira belgicus Leriche 1926
Makaira indica Cuvier 1832
Makaira nigricans Lacépède 1802
†Makaira panamensis Fierstine 1978
†Makaira purdyi Fierstine 1999
†Makaira teretirostris Van Beneden 1871
G. †Marlina Grey 1928
G. Tetrapturus Rafinesque 1810
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†Tetrapturus albidus Poey 1860
Invalid names: Istiophorus solidus Van Beneden 1871 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Xiphiidae Swainson 1839 [sword fish]
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G. †Embalorhynchus Marsh 1869
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†Embalorhynchus kinnei Marsh 1869
G. †Glyptorhynchus Leriche
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†Glyptorhynchus compressus Leriche 1936
Subfm. Xiphiinae Swainson 1839
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G. †Rotundorhynchus Monsch 2004
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G. †Tamesichthys Casier 1966
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†Tamesichthys decipiens Casier 1966
G. Xiphias Linnaeus 1758 [sword fish]
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Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Xiphias delfortrieri Lawley 1876 [synonym]
†Xiphias radiata Clark 1895
Invalid names: Istiophorini Lutken 1875 [empty], Xiphiorhynchini Regan 1909 [empty]
Subfm. †Xiphiorhynchinae Regan 1909
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G. †Thalattorhynchus Schultz 1987
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G. †Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden 1871
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†Xiphiorhynchus courcelli Arambourg 1927
†Xiphiorhynchus elegans Van Beneden 1871
†Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus Woodward 1901
†Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki Fierstine and Applegate 1974
†Xiphiorhynchus parvus Casier 1966
†Xiphiorhynchus rotundus Monsch et al. 2005
Fm. Menidae Gill 1885 [moonfish]
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G. †Bathysoma Davis 1890
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†Bathysoma lutkeni Davis 1890
G. Mene Lacépède 1803
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†Mene oblonga Agassiz 1833
Mene psarianosi Symeonidis 1969
†Mene purdyi Friedman and Johnson 2005
†Mene rhombea Volta 1796
†Mene triangulum Danil'chenko 1968
G. †Menidarum Unknown
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†Menidarum occultus Nolf and Bajpai 1992
Or. Pleuronectiformes [flatfish]
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G. †Achiurus
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G. †Amphistium Agassiz 1834
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†Amphistium paradoxum Agassiz 1834
G. †Chibapsetta Sakamoto and Uyeno 1988
G. Clidoderma Bleeker 1862
G. †Eobothus Eastman 1914
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†Eobothus minimus Agassiz 1839
G. †Eobuglossus Chabanaud 1931
G. Eopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
G. †Heteronectes Friedman 2008
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†Heteronectes chaneti Friedman 2008
G. †Imhoffius Chabanaud 1940
G. Isopsetta Jordan and Gilbert 1882
G. †Joleaudichthys Chabanaud 1937
G. Limanda Gottsche 1835
G. Monochirus Rafinesque 1814
G. Pegusa Guenther 1862
Subor. †Pleuronectoidea
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Invalid names: Rhombus heckeli Kner 1861 [nomen dubium]
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G. †Achirus Lacepede 1802
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Achirus achirus Linnaeus 1758
†Achirus mediterraneus Arambourg 1927
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G. Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862
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†Arnoglossus extremus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus grenfelli Schwarzhans 1999
†Arnoglossus kokeni Basoli and Schubert 1906
†Arnoglossus laterna Walbaum 1792
†Arnoglossus lautus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus longus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus miocenicus Weiler 1962
†Arnoglossus novus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus purus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus sauvagei d'Erasmo 1930
†Arnoglossus tenuis Schubert 1906
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Invalid names: Rhombus corius Pobedina 1954 [synonym]
G. †Bothidarum Nolf
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†Bothidarum biaculeatus Nolf and Lapierre 1979
†Bothidarum dorsolobatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Bothidarum incertus Priem 1911
G. Bothus Rafinesque 1810
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Bothus decipiens Casier 1966
†Bothus nativus Schwarzhans 2007
†Bothus parvulus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1883
G. Caulopsetta Gill 1893
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†Caulopsetta arnoglossoides Schwarzhans 1999
G. Grammatobothus Norman 1926
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†Grammatobothus awamoaensis Schwarzhans 1999
G. Laeops Günther 1880
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†Laeops undulatus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Miobothus Chanet and Schultz 1994
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†Miobothus weissi Chanet and Schultz 1994
G. Monolene Goode 1881
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†Monolene prudhommae Steurbaut 1984
G. †Oligobothus Baciu and Chanet 2002
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†Oligobothus pristinus Baciu and Chanet 2002
G. Peltorhamphus Günther 1862
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†Peltorhamphus flexuodorsalis Schwarzhans 1999
†Peltorhamphus fordycei Schwarzhans 1980
G. Taeniopsetta Gilbert 1905
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G. Citharus Reinhardt 1838
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†Citharus lusitanicus Jonet 1973
G. †Eucitharus Gill 1889
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†Eucitharus belgicus Gaemers 1972
†Eucitharus circularis Casier 1966
†Eucitharus miocenicus Weiler 1942
G. †Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans 1994
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†Rhombocitharus novaezeelandiae Schwarzhans 1999
Fm. Cynoglossidae Jordan 1963
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G. Paraplagusia Bleeker 1865
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†Paraplagusia alta lafond-Grellety 1982
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Symphurus atricauda Jordan and Gilbert 1880
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G. Citharichthys Bleeker 1862
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†Citharichthys oranensis Arambourg 1927
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Citharichthys varians Casier 1966
G. Paralichthys Girard 1858
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Subg. †Paralichthys (Vorator) Jordan 1925
†Paralichthys antiquus Jordan 1924
†Paralichthys yamanai Sakamoto and Uyeno 1993
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G. Atheresthes Jordan and Gilbert 1881
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Atheresthes stomias Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. †Evesthes Gilbert 1910
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†Evesthes hooveri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Evesthes jordani Gilbert 1910
G. Glyptocephalus Gottsche 1835
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Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington 1879
G. †Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835
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Subg. †Hippoglossoides (Isomma) Jordan 1927
G. Lyopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
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Lyopsetta exilis Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. Microstomus Schinze 1822
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Microstomus pacificus Lockington 1879
G. Parophrys Girard 1856
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Parophrys vetulus Girard 1854
G. Platichthys Girard 1856
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Platichthys flesus Linnaeus 1758
G. Pleuronichthys Girard 1856
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Subg. †Pleuronichthys (Zororhombus) Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Pleuronichthys veliger Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Solea Gouan 1770
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†Solea approximata Koken 1891
†Solea balonggensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea eocenica Woodward 1910
†Solea glabber Koken 1888
†Solea lenticularis Koken 1891
†Solea prisca Ciobanu 1977
†Solea proocellata Arambourg 1927
†Solea rotunda Priem 1914
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Invalid names: Solea solea Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
†Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858
†Solea songgoensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea sulci Steurbaut 1984
Invalid names: Pleuronectinae [empty]
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G. Rhombosolea Günther 1862
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Rhombosolea plebeius Richardson 1843
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G. Samaris Gray 1831
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†Samaris validus Schwarzhans 1999
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G. Lepidorhombus Guenther 1862
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†Lepidorhombus compressus Gaemers 1984
G. †Phrynorhombus Gunther 1862
G. Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810
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Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus 1758
†Scophthalmus stamatini Pacua 1931
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G. Aseraggodes Kaup 1858
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†Aseraggodes hudsoni Schwarzhans 2019
†Aseraggodes laganum Girone and Nolf 2009
G. Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930
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†Buglossidium frequens Steurbaut 1984
G. †Cornusolea Schwarzhans et al. 2017
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†Cornusolea fudoujii Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. Dicologlossa Chabanaud 1927
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†Dicologlossa patens Bassoli 1906
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Invalid names: Solea kokeni Schubert 1906 [synonym]
†Dicologoglossa hexophthalma Steurbaut and Jonet 1982
G. †Eosolea Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Eosolea aquitanica Priem 1906
†Eosolea bartonensis Frost 1934
†Eosolea claibornensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Eosolea formosa Prochazka 1900
†Eosolea subglabra Schubert 1906
†Eosolea texana Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Microchirus Bonaparte 1833
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†Microchirus abropteryx Sauvage 1870
Microchirus ocellatus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Rhombus Cuvier
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†Rhombus minimus Agassiz 1835
†Rhombus rhenanus Koken 1891
Invalid names: Achiropsettidae [empty], Poecilopsettidae [empty], Soleoidae [empty]
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+
G. †Citharopsettodes Schwarzhans 1978
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†Citharopsettodes angustus Schwarzhans 1978
G. Psettodes Bennett 1831
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†Psettodes spinosus Nolf 1972
G. †Turahbuglossus Chabanaud 1937
Invalid names: Paralichthodidae [empty]
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G. Pentanemus Guenther 1860
G. Polydactylus Lacépède 1803
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†Polydactylus gaemersi Steurbaut 1984
G. †Polynemidarum Unknown
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†Polynemidarum buyghebaertae Steurbaut and Jonet 1982
†Polynemidarum gaemersi Steurbaut 1984
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G. Toxotes Cuvier and Cloquet 1816
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†Toxotes antiquus Agassiz 1835
†Toxotes undatus Casier 1966
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: omnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 20:44:22
Modified: 2009-07-20 22:44:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 130.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma

Collections (396 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45France (Drôme) Solea sp. (75576)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland Carangidarum sp. (22943)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Denmark Carangidarum sp. (159793 159794)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Peru Mene purdyi (112144)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (Maryland) Ischyrhiza radiata (84045)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Histiophorus homalorhamphus (3113)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Kazakhstan (Chimkent) Centropomidae indet. (48888)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Xiphiorhynchus sp., Tamesichthys decipens, Hemirhabdorhynchus elliotti, Teratichthys antiquitatis, Xiphiorhynchus parvus (13299)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy (Veneto) Heteronectes chaneti (136273)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium Hemirhabdorhynchus ypresiansis, Glyptorhynchus bruxelliensis, Glyptorhynchus sp., Hemirhabdorhynchus depressus, Glyptorhynchus compressus (219001) Trachurus sp. (219011)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Amphistium paradoxum, Heteronectes chaneti, Vomeropsis triurus, Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis, Eastmanalepes primaevus, Lichia veronensis, Trachicaranx pleuronectiformis, Mene rhombea, Mene oblonga, Eobothus minimus, Seriola prisca (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Turkmenistan Archaeus oblongus, Mene triangulum (186444)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Texas) Eosolea texana (84145)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (New Jersey) Xiphias antiquus (84050)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Psettodes oedelemensis, Psettodes spinosus (220174)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Teratichthys antiquitatus (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Xiphiidae indet. (38950)
Mangaorapan - Heretaungan53.0 - 46.2New Zealand (South Island) Carangidae indet. (219501)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Bothidae indet. (209371)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3India (Kachchh) Menidarum occultus (202251)