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Syngnathoidei

Actinopteri - Syngnathiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1978Syngnathoidei Pietsch p. 527
2012Syngnathoidei Fierstine et al. p. 92
2013Syngnathoidei Betancur et al.
2014Syngnathoidei Bannikov p. 27

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Scombrimorpharia
orderSyngnathiformes
suborderSyngnathoidei
suborderSyngnathoidei

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Superfm. †Centriscoidea
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Fm. †Gerpegezhidae Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
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G. †Gerpegezhus Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
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†Gerpegezhus paviai Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
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G. Fistularia Linnaeus 1758
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†Fistularia contermina Danil'chenko 1960
†Fistularia koenigii Agassiz 1839
†Fistularia licatae Sauvage 1880
†Fistularia tenuirostris Agassiz 1835
Infraor. Macrorhamphosa Pietsch 1978
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Invalid names: Macrorhamphosoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty]
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G. Acanthognathus Duncker 1912
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†Acanthognathus incolumis Danil'chenko 1960
G. Bryx Herald 1940
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Subg. Bryx (Bryx) Herald 1940
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Bryx (Bryx) clarionensis Fritzsche 1980
Subg. Bryx (Simocampus) Fritzsche 1980
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Bryx (Simocampus) arctum Jenkins and Everman 1888
Bryx veleronis Herald 1940
G. Doryrhamphus Kaup 1853
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Doryrhamphus paulus Fritzsche 1980
†Doryrhamphus squalidus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Pristidoryrhamphus Fowler 1944 [synonym]
G. Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933
Subfm. †Eogastrophinae Jerzmanska 1968
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G. †Hipposyngnathus Danil'chenko 1960
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†Hipposyngnathus convexus Danil'chenko 1960
†Hipposyngnathus imporcitor Fritzsche 1980
†Hipposyngnathus neriticus Jerzmanska 1968
G. Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 [sea horse]
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Hippocampus ingens Girard 1859
†Hippocampus sarmaticus Zalohar et al. 2009
†Hippocampus slovenicus Zalohar et al. 2009
Invalid names: Farlapiscus Whitley 1931 [synonym], Hippohystrix Whitley 1940 [synonym]
G. Leptonotus Kaup 1853
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Leptonotus blainvilleanus Eydoux and Gervais 1837
G. †Prosolenostomus Blot 1981
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Subfm. †Pshekhagnathinae Bannikov et al. 2017
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G. †Pshekhagnathus Bannikov et al. 2017
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†Pshekhagnathus polypterus Bannikov et al. 2017
Subfm. †Syngnathinae
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G. †Maroubrichthys Parrin 1992
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†Maroubrichthys serratus Parrin 1992
G. †Nepigastrosyngnathus Pharisat 1993
G. Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 [pipefish]
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†Syngnathus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Syngnathus altus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus avus Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Syngnathus breviculus Blainville 1818
Syngnathus carinatus Gilbert 1892
†Syngnathus emeritus Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus euchrous Fritzsche 1980
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†Syngnathus incertus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Syngnathus insulae Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus macrobrachium Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus opisthopterus Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Dermatostethus Gill 1863 [synonym], Siphonostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Siphostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Syrictes Jordan and Evermann 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyngnathinae Fritzsche 1980 [empty], Syngnathus bolcensis de Zigno 1887 [invalid subgroup], Syngnathus heckeli de Zigno 1874 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Macroramphosa Pietsch 1978 [empty], Pegasoidea [empty], Syngnatha Pietsch 1978 [empty], Syngnathoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: omnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 20:44:22
Modified: 2009-07-20 22:44:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Gelasian or 56.00000 to 1.80600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 47.8 Ma

Collections (59 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Russian Federation (Kabardino-Balkarian) Gerpegezhus paviai (218152)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Syngnathus heckeli, Syngnathus bolcensis, Prosolenostomus lessinii (94830)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Russian Federation (Adygeia) Acanthognathus incolumis, Syngnathus incertus (105572)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Georgia Syngnathidae indet. (186469)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Poland Syngnathidae indet., Hipposyngnathus neriticus (186589)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Romania Syngnathus incertus, Syngnathus altus, Syngnathus incompletus (113962)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Syngnathus sp., Doryrhamphus sp., Syngnathus incompletus (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Azerbaijan Hipposyngnathus convexus (186452)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation (North Ossetia) Acanthognathus squalidus (186466)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation Syngnathus altus (186461)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Azerbaijan Syngnathus altus (116633)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Austria Syngnathidae indet. (99160)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Syngnathus avus (186018)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Azerbaijan Syngnathus sp. (116635)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Czech Republic (Moravia) Syngnathus sp. (222391)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Syngnathus sp. (85313)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Cyprus Syngnathus albyi (66957)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Italy Syngnathus albyi (185486)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Slovenia Hippocampus sarmaticus, Hippocampus slovenicus (103103)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Russian Federation (Goryachii) Syngnathidae indet. (211239)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Syngnathus kaehsbaueri, Syngnathus albyi (207356)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece Syngnathus albyi (185752)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (45489) Syngnathus emeritus (204559)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Malta Syngnathus sp. (210639)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (California) Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (185679) Syngnathus avus (91023 179733) Syngnathus avus, Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (152598)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Syngnathus albyi (186583 186585 219784)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Sicile) Fistularia sp., Syngnathus albyi (210669)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Sicily) Syngnathus albyi (186578)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Tuscany) Fistularia sp. (210628) Syngnathus albyi (186581)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Syngnathus albyi (59256)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Syngnathus albyi (186575 186576 186577 210251 210640) Syngnathus albyi, Fistularia licatae (185692)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece Syngnathus albyi (207361)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Syngnathus albyi (207364 207365)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Cyprus Syngnathus albyi (185663)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (210256) Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus phlegon, Syngnathus sp. (210257) Syngnathus sp. (210255)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Italy Hippocampus sp., Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (145678) Syngnathus acus (145680)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Italy Hippocampus ramulosus (145683)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) Syngnathidae indet. (22712)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Syngnathus albyi (207303) Syngnathus sp. (207357)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece Syngnathus sp. (51511)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Italy Hippocampus sp., Hippocampus rammulosus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (57058)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Italy (Bologna) Syngnathus acusu (186574)