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Lingula
Taxonomy
Lingula was named by Bruguiére (1797). It is extant.
It was assigned to Lingulida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lingulidae by Raymond (1911), Williams et al. (2000), Emig (2003) and Peng and Shi (2008).
It was assigned to Lingulida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lingulidae by Raymond (1911), Williams et al. (2000), Emig (2003) and Peng and Shi (2008).
Species
L. acutangula, L. adamsi, L. albapinensis, L. allingi, L. anatina, L. aoraki, L. arctica, L. audebardii, L. beani, L. beanii, L. borealica, L. bottnica, L. bravardi, L. carbonaria (syn. L. mytiloides, L. umbonata), L. clintoni, L. complanata, L. craneae, L. crassa, L. credneri, L. cretacea, L. davidsoni, L. deitersensis, L. delia, L. demissa, L. densa, L. derbyi, L. desiderata, L. divulgata, L. dregeri (syn. L. suessi), L. elliptica, L. elliptica, L. foliaceusa, L. forbesi, L. freboldi, L. fuyuanensis, L. gorbyi, L. halli, L. hyperborea, L. indianensis, L. ingens, L. jaspidea, L. kedonensis, L. kolymaensis, L. lamellata, L. leana, L. ligea, L. liurjakhensis, L. lonensis, L. longoviciensis, L. louisianensis, L. marginata, L. marginia, L. meeki, L. membranacea, L. metensis, L. minima, L. nanimensis, L. nikitini, L. nitida, L. oblata, L. olenekensis, L. ovalis, L. ovata, L. parva, L. percorrugata, L. pyramidata, L. reevei, L. reevii, L. rostrum, L. sacculus, L. selwyni, L. semen, L. spatulata, L. squamiformis, L. sterlini, L. sturti, L. subcircularis, L. subelliptica, L. subovalis, L. subspatulata, L. subtenuissima, L. suessi, L. sulcatiferea, L. tenuis, L. translucida, L. truncata, L. tumida, L. tumidula, L. varsoviensis, L. whitei, L. xinlinensis, Lingulipora zhexiensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1797 | Lingula Bruguiére |
| 1911 | Lingula Raymond |
| 1990 | Lingula foliaceusa Liang p. 99 figs. Pl 1, fig 2 |
| 1990 | Lingulipora zhexiensis Liang p. 100 figs. Pl 1, fig 1 |
| 2000 | Lingula Williams et al. p. 32 |
| 2002 | Lingula Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Lingula Emig |
| 2008 | Lingula Peng and Shi p. 149 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Lingula Bruguiére 1797
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†Lingula acutangula Liao 1980
Lingula adamsi Dall 1873
†Lingula albapinensis Walcott 1884
†Lingula allingi Fisher 1957
Lingula anatina Lamarck 1801
†Lingula aoraki Campbell 1987
†Lingula arctica Wittenburg 1910
Lingula audebardii Broderip 1834
†Lingula beani Phillips 1829
†Lingula beanii Phillips 1836
†Lingula borealica Kalashnikov 1993
†Lingula bottnica Wiman 1903
†Lingula bravardi Frenguelli 1930
†Lingula carbonaria Shumard and Swallow 1858
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Invalid names: Lingula mytiloides Meek and Worthen 1873 [synonym], Lingula umbonata White 1884 [synonym]
†Lingula clintoni Vanuxem 1842
†Lingula complanata Williams 1882
†Lingula craneae Davidson 1876
†Lingula crassa Eichwald 1859
†Lingula credneri Geinitz 1848
†Lingula cretacea Lundgren 1885
†Lingula davidsoni Oppel 1856
†Lingula deitersensis Pflücker 1868
†Lingula delia Hall 1867
†Lingula demissa Gerassimov 1955
†Lingula densa Hall 1867
†Lingula derbyi Clarke 1899
†Lingula desiderata Hall 1863
†Lingula divulgata Sinclair 1945
†Lingula elliptica Makridin 1957
†Lingula elliptica Phillips 1836
†Lingula forbesi Billings 1865
†Lingula freboldi Gobbett 1963
†Lingula fuyuanensis Liao 1980
†Lingula gorbyi Miller 1892
†Lingula halli White 1862
†Lingula hyperborea Ifanova 1972
†Lingula indianensis Miller and Gurley 1894
†Lingula ingens Spencer 1884
Lingula jaspidea Adams 1863
†Lingula kedonensis Dagys 1965
†Lingula kolymaensis Zavodowsky 1968
†Lingula lamellata Hall 1843
†Lingula leana Hall 1867
†Lingula ligea Hall 1867
†Lingula ligea nevadensis Walcott 1884
†Lingula liurjakhensis Kalashnikov 1993
†Lingula lonensis Walcott 1884
†Lingula longoviciensis Terquem 1851
†Lingula louisianensis Weller 1914
†Lingula marginata Phillips 1836
†Lingula marginia Feng 1978
†Lingula meeki Herrick 1888
†Lingula membranacea Winchell 1863
†Lingula metensis Terquem 1851
†Lingula minima Sowerby 1839
†Lingula nanimensis Healey 1908
†Lingula nikitini Sarycheva and Sokolskaja 1952
†Lingula nitida Meek and Hayden 1861
†Lingula oblata Hall 1843
†Lingula olenekensis Dagys 1965
†Lingula ovalis Sowerby 1813
†Lingula ovata Dana 1847
Lingula parva Smith 1871
†Lingula percorrugata Talent 1963
Lingula pyramidata Stimpson 1860
Lingula reevei Davidson 1880
†Lingula reevii Davidson 1880
Lingula rostrum Show 1798
†Lingula sacculus Chapuis and Dewalque 1854
†Lingula selwyni Whiteaves 1877
Lingula semen Broderip 1834
†Lingula spatulata Vanuxem 1842
†Lingula squamiformis Phillips 1836
†Lingula sterlini Makridin 1964
†Lingula sturti Morton 1982
†Lingula subcircularis Wirth 1912
†Lingula subelliptica Mansuy 1912
†Lingula subovalis Davidson 1852
†Lingula subspatulata Hall and Meek 1855
†Lingula subtenuissima Kiparisova 1940
†Lingula suessi Stoppani 1865
†Lingula sulcatiferea Grabau 1931
†Lingula tenuis Henry 1876
Lingula translucida Dall 1920
†Lingula truncata Sowerby 1836
†Lingula tumida Feng 1978
Lingula tumidula Reeve 1841
†Lingula varsoviensis Worthen 1884
†Lingula whitei Walcott 1884
†Lingula xinlinensis Lee and Gu 1980
Invalid names: Lingula foliaceusa Liang 1990 [nomen dubium], Lingulipora zhexiensis Liang 1990 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy 2009, Bambach et al. 2007, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Taijangian to the top of the Pleistocene or 509.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 504.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 504.5 Ma
Collections (1065 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Taijangian | China (Anhui) | L. sp. (125520) | |
| Cressagian | United Kingdom (England) | L. sp. (3663) | |
| Tremadoc | China (Sichuan) | L. sp. (5420 7281) | |
| Tremadoc | China (Hubei) | L. sp. (7729) | |
| Tremadoc | China (YunNan) | L. sp. (7736) | |
| Tremadoc | China (ShanXi) | L. sp. (8003) | |
| Ordovician | USA (New York) | L. sp. (332) | |
| Tulean - Blackhillsian | USA (Nevada) | L. sp. (77186) | |
| Arenig | China (GanSu) | L. sp. (8568) | |
| Arenig | China (Sichuan) | L. sp. (7273 7278) | |
| Arenig | Argentina | L. sp. (8869) | |
| Arenig | China (Hunan) | L. sp. (7700) | |
| Arenig | China (Yunnan) | L. sp. (7291 7292) | |
| Arenig | China (HeBei) | L. sp. (7984) | |
| Arenig | China (YunNan) | L. sp. (7742) | |
| Dapingian | USA (Utah) | L. sp. (104193 104218) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | L. sp. (335) | |
| Whiterockian - Mohawkian | USA (Minnesota) | L. sp. (10767) | |
| Abereiddian | United Kingdom (Wales) | L. sp. (20699) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | Argentina | L. sp. (9026) | |