Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Viperidae was named by Oppel (1811). It is extant.
It was assigned to Solenoglypha by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Ophidia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Solenoglypha by Kuhn (1946); to Serpentes by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Alethinophidia by Szyndlar (1987) and Venczel and Stiuca (2008); to Squamata by Böhme (2008); to Serpentes by Cernansky et al. (2015); and to Colubroidea by Carroll (1988) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Solenoglypha by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Ophidia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Solenoglypha by Kuhn (1946); to Serpentes by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Alethinophidia by Szyndlar (1987) and Venczel and Stiuca (2008); to Squamata by Böhme (2008); to Serpentes by Cernansky et al. (2015); and to Colubroidea by Carroll (1988) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1811 | Viperidae Oppel |
1871 | Viperidae Cope p. 238 |
1875 | Viperidae Cope p. 23 |
1890 | Viperidae Zittel p. 631 |
1892 | Provipera Kinkelin p. 94 |
1892 | Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin p. 94 |
1898 | Viperidae Gadow p. 29 |
1928 | Viperidae Perrier p. 3109 |
1946 | Viperidae Kuhn p. 62 |
1987 | Viperidae Szyndlar p. 66 |
1988 | Viperidae Carroll |
1996 | Viperidae Frank and Ramus |
2008 | Viperidae Böhme p. 169 |
2008 | Viperidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 759 |
2015 | Viperidae Cernansky et al. p. 121 |
2016 | Viperidae Ikeda et al. p. 151 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
E. Perrier 1928 | Tête triangulaire, élargie en arrière et suivie d'un cou très marqué. Squamosal mobile, soutenant le carré, qui est allongé, et formant avec lui une tige, dirigée vers l'arrière, mais pouvant se rabattre et devenir verticale, de. façon à reporler très bas l'articulation
de la mandibule, en même temps que la lige palato-ptérygoïde est poussée en avant et fait basculer le maxillaire, contre lequel elle butte ; de là, une énorme ouverture buccale, et, en même temps, la projection en avant des crochets insérés sur les maxillaires; maxillaire très court, vertical au repos, et portant un crochet venimeux canaliculé, couché en arrière contre la voûte palatine, suivi d'un ou plusieurs crochets de remplacement, sans aucune autre dent solide; des dents pelites, en crochets, sur les ptérygoïdes et les palatins. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Harrisonian to the top of the Holocene or 24.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Collections (54 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
MP 30 | Germany (Bavaria) | Viperidae indet. (84364) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Viperidae indet. (17802) | |
Aquitanian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Viperidae indet. (135772) | |
Agenian | Switzerland (Fribourg) | Viperidae indet. (203089) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Namibia (Karas) | Viperidae indet. (146601) | |
MN 2 | Germany (R.-P. and Hesse) | Provipera boettgeri (69606) | |
Burdigalian | Germany (Bavaria) | Viperidae indet. (205184) | |
Burdigalian | Saudi Arabia | Viperidae indet. (47095) | |
Burdigalian | Greece | Viperidae indet. (68032) | |
Burdigalian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | Viperidae indet. (199780 199781 199782) | |
Burdigalian - Langhian | Thailand | Viperidae indet. (48126) | |
Burdigalian - Tortonian | France | Viperidae indet. (187580) | |
MN 4 | Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary) | Viperidae indet. (138666) | |
MN 4 | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Viperidae indet. (Vipera ["oriental viper"] or Daboia), Viperidae indet. (136919) | |
Barstovian | USA (Texas) | Viperidae indet. (140202) | |
Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Viperidae indet. (18284) | |
Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Texas) | Viperidae indet. (18665) | |
Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | Viperidae indet. (180192) | |
MN 5 | Germany (Bavaria) | Viperidae indet. (205187) | |
MN 5 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Viperidae indet. (48325) | |
Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Viperidae indet. (42594) | |
Middle Miocene | Namibia | Viperidae indet. (21855) | |
Middle Miocene | Spain (Balearic Islands) | Viperidae indet. (136226) | |
Serravallian | Russian Federation (Irkutsk) | Viperidae indet. (48439) | |
MN 7 + 8 | Hungary (Heves) | Viperidae indet. (168132) | |
Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Viperidae indet. (188779) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Turkey | Viperidae indet. (56563) | |
MN 9 | Hungary (Heves) | Viperidae indet. (168177 168187 168189) | |
Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Viperidae indet. (18601) | |
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Tennessee) | Viperidae indet. (26574) | |
Turolian | Spain | Viperidae indet. (28625) | |
Turolian | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Viperidae indet. (174455) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya (Turkana District) | Viperidae indet. (198275) | |
Ruscinian | Greece | Laophis crotaloides (36579) | |
Montehermosan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Bothrops sp., Bothrops alternatus (198863) | |
MN 14 | Poland | Viperidae indet "B" (32240) | |
MN 15 | Poland | Viperidae indet. (33396) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Spain (Alcolea de Calatrava) | Viperidae indet. (224542) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene | Venezuela (Monagas) | Viperidae indet. (227296) | |
Gelasian | Spain (Granada) | Viperidae indet. (77773) | |
Gelasian | Tanzania | Viperidae indet. (22593) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Ryukyu Islands) | Viperidae indet. (210495) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Poland | Viperidae indet. (33480) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Viperidae indet. (58089) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | Viperidae indet. (20446 20447) | |
Middle Pleistocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Viperidae indet. (51188) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Goiás) | Bothrops sp. (211821) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Viperidae indet. (51187) | |
Holocene | South Africa | Viperidae indet. (21862) |