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Placodermiomorphi

Taxonomy
Placodermiomorphi is an unranked clade.

It was assigned to Gnathostomata by Long (2011) and Nelson et al. (2016).

Subtaxa

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2011Placodermiomorphi Long p. 241
2016Placodermiomorphi Nelson et al. p. 36

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Placodermiomorphi
Placodermiomorphi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]
+
Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944
+
G. †Breizosteus Goujet 1980
G. †Murrindalaspis Long 1984
Fm. †Palaeacanthaspidae Stensiö 1944
+
G. †Dobrowlania Stensiö 1944
+
Dobrowlania podolica Stensio 1944
G. †Kimaspis Mark-Kurik 1973
+
Kimaspis tienshanica Mark-Kurik 1973
G. †Kolymaspis Bystrow 1956
+
Kolymaspis siberica Bystrow 1956
G. †Kosoraspis Gross 1959
+
Kosoraspis peckai Gross 1959
G. †Palaeacanthaspis Brotzen 1934
+
Palaeacanthaspis vasta Brotzen 1934
G. †Radotina Gross 1950
+
Radotina kosorensis Gross 1950
Radotina prima Barrande 1872
Radotina tessellata Gross 1958
G. †Romundina Orvig 1975
+
Romundina stellina Orvig 1975
G. †Weejasperaspis White 1978
Invalid names: Kolymaspidae Bystrow 1956 [empty], Radotinidae Arambourg 1958 [empty]
Or. †Antiarcha Cope 1885
+
G. †Grossaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Grossaspis carinata Schluter 1887
Invalid names: Ceraspis Schlüter 1887 [replaced]
G. †Jiangxilepis Zhang and Liu 1991
G. †Lepadolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Lepadolepis stensioei Gross 1933
Invalid names: Ceratolepis Gross 1933 [replaced]
G. †Liujiangolepis Wang 1987
G. †Macrodontophion Zborzewski 1834
G. †Microbrachius Traquair 1888
+
Microbrachius dicki Traquair 1888
G. †Phymolepis Zhang 1978
+
Pterichthyodid anitarch Turner et al. 1981
Fm. †Silurolepidae Zhang et al. 2010
+
G. †Silurolepis Zhang et al. 2010
+
Silurolepis platydorsalis Zhang et al. 2010
G. †Taeniolepis Gross 1932
+
Taeniolepis speciosa Gross 1932
G. †Xichonolepis Pan and Wang 1978
G. †Zhanjilepis Zhang 1978
Invalid names: Antiarchi Cope 1885 [synonym], Yunnanolepiformes Zhang 1978 [empty]
Or. †Antiarchiformes Grande and Eastman 1986
+
Subor. †Bothriolepidoidei Cope 1886
+
Infraor. †Sinolepidida
+
Fm. †Sinolepidae Liu and P'an 1958
+
Fm. †Chuchinolepidae Chang 1978
+
G. †Chuchinolepis Chang 1978
+
Invalid names: Orientolepis P'an and Wang 1978 [synonym], Procondylolepis Zhang 1984 [synonym], Qujinolepis Zhang 1978 [synonym]
Infraor. †Euantiarcha Janvier and Pan 1982
+
Fm. †Asterolepididae Traquair 1888
+
Invalid names: Pterichthyidae [synonym]
Fm. †Bothriolepididae Cope 1886
Invalid names: Gerdalepididae [empty], Microbrachiidae [empty]
Fm. †Yunnanolepididae Zhang 1978
+
G. †Heteroyunnanolepis Wang 1994
G. †Parayunnanolepis Zhang et al. 2001
G. †Yunnanolepis Liu 1963
Invalid names: Chuchinolepididae [empty], Yunnanolepida [synonym]
Invalid names: Bothriolepoidei [empty]
Or. †Arthrodira Woodward 1891
+
Fm. †Acanthaspida Heintz 1921
+
G. †Euryaspis Bryant 1932
+
Euryaspis brachycephalus Bryant 1932
G. †Svalbardaspis Heintz 1929
+
Svalbardaspis montanus Bryant 1932
Subor. †Actinolepina Miles 1973
+
Fm. †Actinolepidae Gross 1940
+
G. †Actinolepis Agassiz 1845
G. †Aethaspis Denison 1958
G. †Ailuracantha White 1969
G. †Aleosteus Johnson et al. 2000
G. †Anarthraspis Bryant 1934
G. †Baringaspis Miles 1973
G. †Bollandaspis Schultze 1976
G. †Bryantolepis Denison 1958
G. †Heightingtonaspis White 1969
G. †Kujdanowiaspis Stensiö 1942
G. †Lataspis Strand 1932
G. †Lehmanosteus Goujet 1984
G. †Mediaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Proaethaspis Denison 1978
G. †Sigaspis Goujet 1973
G. †Simblaspis Denison 1958
G. †Stuertzaspis Westoll and Miles 1963
G. †Szelepis Liu 1979
G. †Africanaspis Long et al. 1997
G. †Antarctolepis White 1968
+
Antarctolepis gunni White 1968
Fm. †Arctolepidae Heintz 1937
+
G. †Plataspis Westwood 1837
G. †Arctonema Orvig 1969
+
Arctonema crassum Orvig 1969
G. †Arenipiscis Young 1981
G. †Aspidichthys Newberry 1873
+
Aspidichthys clavatus Newberry 1873
Aspidichthys ingens Koenen 1883
Aspidichthys notabilis Whiteaves 1892
G. †Atlantidosteus Lelievre 1984
Subor. †Brachythoraci Gross 1932
+
Superfm. †Brachydeiroidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Brachydeiridae Gross 1932
Fm. †Leptosteidae Jaekel 1911
Superfm. †Buchanosteoidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Buchanosteidae White 1952
Fm. †Williamsaspidae White 1952
Superfm. †Coccosteoidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Coccosteidae Asmuss 1856
Fm. †Gemuendenaspidae Miles 1962
Fm. †Pholidosteidae Gross 1932
Superfm. †Dinichthyoidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Leiosteidae Stensiö 1963
Fm. †Trematosteidae Gross 1932
Superfm. †Heterosteoidea Denison 1984
+
Fm. †Heterosteidae Jaekel 1903
Superfm. †Homosteoidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Homostiidae Jaekel 1903
G. †Bruntonichthys Dennis and Miles 1980
G. †Bullerichthys Dennis and Miles 1980
Fm. †Bungartiidae Denison 1975
+
G. †Bungartius Dunkle 1947
+
Bungartius penssus Dunkle 1947
G. †Callognathus Newberry 1890
+
Callognathus regularis Newberry 1889
Callognathus serratus Newberry 1889
Fm. †Camuropiscidae Dennis and Miles 1979
+
G. †Camuropiscis Dennis and Miles 1979
+
Camuropiscis concinnus Dennis and Miles 1979
Camuropiscis laidlawi Dennis and Miles 1979
G. †Fallacosteus Long 1990
Or. †Coccosteina Heintz 1932
+
Invalid names: Euleptaspididae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Gemuendenaspoidea Denison 1978 [empty]
G. †Copanognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1920
+
Copanognathus crassus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
G. †Cosmacanthus Agassiz 1845
+
Cosmacanthus bullatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Cosmacanthus carinatus Davis 1883
Cosmacanthus malcolmsoni Agassiz 1844
Cosmacanthus priscus Mcoy 1848
Cosmacanthus stellatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Cravenaspis Young and Goujet 2003
+
Cravenaspis trematosus Young and Goujet 2003
G. †Diplognathus Newberry 1878
+
Diplognathus mirabilis Newberry 1878
G. †Erikaspis Dupret et al. 2007
+
Erikaspis zychi Dupret et al. 2007
G. †Errolosteus Young 1981
G. †Eskimaspis Dineley and Yuhai 1984
+
Eskimaspis heintzi Dineley and Yuhai 1984
Superor. †Euarthrodira
+
Invalid names: Arctolepidida Obruchev 1964 [empty]
Unr. †Eubrachythoraci Miles 1971
+
Unr. †Aspinothoracidi Miles and Dennis 1979
+
Fm. †Dinichthyidae Newberry 1888
G. †Gorgonichthys Claypole 1892
G. †Hadrosteus Gross 1932
G. †Heintzichthys Whitley 1933
G. †Homostius Asmuss 1840
+
Homosteus arcticus Heintz 1934
Homosteus formosissimus Asmuss 1856
Homosteus kochi Stensio 1938
Homosteus latus Asmuss 1856
Homosteus manitobensis Okulitch 1944
Homosteus milleri Traquair 1849
Homosteus sulcatus Kutorga 1837
Unr. †Pachyosteomorphi Stensiö 1944
+
Superfm. †Dunkleosteoidea Vézina 1990
G. †Kiangyousteus Liu 1955
G. †Glyptaspis Newberry 1890
+
Glyptaspis verrucosa Newberry 1889
G. †Goodradigbeeon White 1978
G. †Grazosteus Gross 1958
+
Grazosteus hoernesi Gross 1958
Fm. †Groenlandaspididae Obruchev 1964
+
G. †Boomeraspis Long 1995
+
Boomeraspis goujeti Long 1995
G. †Groenlandaspis Heintz 1932
+
Groenlandaspis antarctica Ritchie 1975
Groenlandaspis disjectus Woodward 1891
Groenlandaspis mirabilis Heintz 1932
Groenlandaspis riniensis Long et al. 1997
Groenlandaspis seni Janvier and Ritchie 1977
G. †Mulgaspis Ritchie 2004
G. †Turrisaspis Daeschler et al. 2003
G. †Harrytoombsia Miles and Dennis 1979
G. †Heintzosteus Goujet 1984
+
Heintzosteus brevis Goujet 1984
+
Hollardosteus marocanus Lehman 1976
Superfm. †Incisoscutoidea Long 1994
+
Fm. †Incisoscutidae Denison 1984
+
G. †Incisoscutum Dennis and Miles 1981
+
Invalid names: Gogosteus Long 1994 [synonym]
Fm. †Plourdosteidae Vézina 1990
+
G. †Compagopiscis Gardiner and Miles 1994
G. †Protitanichthys Eastman 1907
G. †Kendrickichthys Dennis and Miles 1980
G. †Kimberleyichthys Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983
+
Invalid names: Kimberia Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983 [replaced]
G. †Kueichowlepis Pan and Wang 1975
G. †Latocamurus Long 1988
G. †Laurentaspis Pageau 1969
+
Laurentaspis splendida Pageau 1969
G. †Lurapullaspis Young and Goujet 2003
+
Lurapullaspis johannseni Young and Goujet 2003
G. †Machaerognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
+
Machaerognathus woodwardi Hussakof and Bryant 1919
G. †Mcnamaraspis Long 1995
G. †Murmur Whitley 1951
+
Murmur arcuatus Bryant 1935
Fm. †Mylostomatidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Dinomylostoma Eastman 1906
+
Dinomylostoma beecheri Eastman 1906
Dinomylostoma buffaloensis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
Dinomylostoma eastmani Hussakof 1913
G. †Mylostoma Newberry 1883
+
Mylostoma eurhinus Dunkle and Bungart 1945
Mylostoma newberryi Eastman 1907
Mylostoma terrelli Newberry 1883
Mylostoma variabile Newberry 1883
G. †Tafilalichthys Lehman 1956
+
Tafilalichthys lavocati Lehman 1954
G. †Operchallosteus Kulczycki 1957
G. †Overtonaspis White 1961
+
Overtonaspis billballi White 1961
Subor. †Pachyosteina Obruchev 1964
+
Invalid names: Erromenosteidae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Hussakofiidae Obruchev 1964 [empty]
G. †Parawilliamsaspis Liu 1980
Subor. †Phlyctaenina Miles 1973
+
Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932
+
G. †Belemnacanthus Eastman 1898
G. †Deirosteus Wells 1942
G. †Deveonema Kulczycki 1957
G. †Gyroplacosteus Obrutschev 1930
G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
G. †Megaloplax Obrutschev 1933
G. †Rhenonema Obruchev 1964
G. †Tiaraspis Gross 1962
G. †Tropidosteus Gross 1933
Fm. †Phlyctaeniidae Fowler 1947
+
G. †Aggeraspis Gross 1962
G. †Arctaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Arctolepis Eastman 1908
G. †Barwickosteus Young and Long 2014
G. †Cartieraspis Pageau 1969
G. †Diadsomaspis Gross 1937
G. †Dicksonosteus Goujet 1975
G. †Gaspeaspis Pageau 1969
G. †Grifftaylor Young and Long 2014
G. †Heterogaspis Strand 1932
G. †Huginaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Kolpaspis Pageau 1969
G. †Neophlyctaenius White 1969
G. †Pageauaspis Denison 1978
G. †Phlyctaenius Traquair 1890
G. †Prosphymaspis Gross 1937
G. †Platyaspis Koenen 1896
+
Platyaspis tenuis Koenen 1895
+
Prescottaspis dineleyi White 1961
+
Qataraspis deprofundis White 1969
Fm. †Rhachiosteidae Stensiö 1963
+
+
G. †Rolfosteus Dennis and Miles 1979
Fm. †Selenosteidae Dean 1901
+
G. †Amazichthys Jobbins et al. 2022
+
Amazichthys trinajsticae Jobbins et al. 2022
G. †Braunosteus Stensiö 1959
+
Braunosteus schmidti Stensiö 1959
G. †Draconichthys Rücklin 2011
+
Draconichthys elegans Rücklin 2011
G. †Enseosteus Jaeckel 1919
+
Enseosteus hermanni Stensio 1959
Enseosteus jaekeli Gross 1932
Enseosteus marocanensis Rücklin 2011
Enseosteus pachyostoides Stensio 1959
G. †Gymnotrachelus Dunkle and Bongert 1939
+
Gymnotrachelus hydei Dunkle and Bungart 1939
G. †Melanosteus Lelievre and Goujet 1987
+
Melanosteus occitanus Lelièvre et al. 1987
G. †Microsteus Gross 1932
+
Microsteus angusticeps Stensio 1963
Microsteus dubius Gross 1932
G. †Pachyosteus Jaeckel 1903
+
Pachyosteus bulla Jaekel 1903
+
Paramylostoma arcualis Dunkle and Bungart 1945
G. †Rhinosteus Jaeckel 1911
+
Rhinosteus parvulus Gross 1932
Rhinosteus traquairi Jaekel 1911
G. †Selenosteus Dean 1901
+
Selenosteus brevis Claypole 1869
G. †Stenosteus Dean 1901
+
Stenosteus glaber Dean 1901
Stenosteus pertenuis Branson 1911
G. †Walterosteus Stensiö 1959
+
Walterosteus grossi Rücklin 2011
Walterosteus lelievrei Rücklin 2011
Walterosteus pachyosteides Stensiö 1959
G. †Squamatognathus Hanke et al. 1996
G. †Taemasosteus White 1952
+
G. †Taunaspis Schmidt 1933
+
Taunaspis eurystethes Schmidt 1933
+
+
G. †Chelonichthys Agassiz 1843
G. †Ichthyosauroides Kutorga 1837
G. †Timanosteus Obrucheva 1962
+
Fm. †Titanichthyidae Dean 1901
+
G. †Holopetalichthys Koenen 1895
G. †Titanichthys Newberry 1885
+
Titanichthys agassizii Newberry 1885
Titanichthys attenuatus Wright 1893
Titanichthys brevis Claypole 1896
Titanichthys clarkii Newberry 1887
Titanichthys kozlowskii Kulczycki 1957
Titanichthys rectus Claypole 1893
Titanichthys termieri Lehman 1954
G. †Toombalepis Young and Goujet 2003
+
Toombalepis tuberculata Young and Goujet 2003
G. †Toombsosteus White 1978
G. †Torosteus Gardiner and Miles 1990
G. †Trachosteus Newberry 1890
+
Trachosteus clarkii Newberry 1889
G. †Tubonasus Dennis and Miles 1979
G. †Wheathillaspis White 1961
+
Subor. †Wuttagoonaspina Ritchie 1973
+
Fm. †Wuttagoonaspidae Ritchie 1973
+
G. †Wuttagoonaspis Ritchie 1973
G. †Yinosteus
Invalid names: Arthrodiriformes Grande and Eastman 1986 [synonym], Brachydeirina Denison 1975 [empty], Heterostiina Denison 1975 [empty], Holonematina Denison 1975 [empty], Pachyosteidae Gross 1932 [empty], Phylctaeniida [empty], Stegophthalami [empty]
G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948
+
Asiacanthus kaoi P'am 1964
Asiacanthus suni P'an 1964
G. †Austroptyctodus Long 1997
Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980
+
G. †Brindabellaspis Young 1980
G. †Campbellodus Miles and Young 1977
+
Campbellodus decipiens Miles and Young 1977
G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952
+
Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911
+
Invalid names: Coccostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Homostei Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940
G. †Deinodus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
+
Deinodus bennetti Hussakof and Bryant 1919
G. †Hybosteus Gross 1933
+
Hybosteus mirabilis Gross 1930
G. †Neopetalichthys Liu 1973
+
G. †Nessariostoma Broili 1933
+
Nessariostoma granulosum Broili 1933
Invalid names: Nessariostoma Broili 1933 [objective synonym]
G. †Oestophorus Miller 1892
+
Oestophorus lilleyi Newberry 1889
Invalid names: Sphenophorus Newberry 1889 [replaced]
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
+
G. †Diandongpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978
G. †Eurycaraspis Li 1991
Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898
+
G. †Ellopetalichthys Orvig 1957
+
G. †Epipetalichthys Stensiö 1925
+
G. †Lunaspis Broili 1929
+
Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937
Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929
Lunaspis pruemiensis Kayser 1880
G. †Macropetalichthys Norwood and Owen 1846
+
Macropetalichthys rhapheidolabis Norwood and Owen 1846
+
Invalid names: Agassichthys manni Newberry 1857 [synonym]
G. †Notopetalichthys Woodward 1941
+
Notopetalichthys hillsi Woodward 1941
G. †Quasipetalichthys Liu 1973
+
G. †Wijdeaspis Obruchev 1964
+
Wijdeaspis arctica Heintz 1929
Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991
+
G. †Pauropetalichthys Pan et al. 2015
+
Pauropetalichthys magnoculus Pan et al. 2015
G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984
G. †Xinanpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978
Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Li 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898 [valid], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991 [valid], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978 [valid]
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
+
G. †Diandongpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978
G. †Eurycaraspis Li 1991
Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898
+
G. †Ellopetalichthys Orvig 1957
+
G. †Epipetalichthys Stensiö 1925
+
G. †Lunaspis Broili 1929
+
Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937
Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929
Lunaspis pruemiensis Kayser 1880
G. †Macropetalichthys Norwood and Owen 1846
+
Macropetalichthys rhapheidolabis Norwood and Owen 1846
+
Invalid names: Agassichthys manni Newberry 1857 [synonym]
G. †Notopetalichthys Woodward 1941
+
Notopetalichthys hillsi Woodward 1941
G. †Quasipetalichthys Liu 1973
+
G. †Wijdeaspis Obruchev 1964
+
Wijdeaspis arctica Heintz 1929
Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991
+
G. †Pauropetalichthys Pan et al. 2015
+
Pauropetalichthys magnoculus Pan et al. 2015
G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984
G. †Xinanpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978
Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Li 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898 [valid], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991 [valid], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys Pan and Wang 1978 [valid]
Or. †Phyllolepida Stensiö 1934
+
Subor. †Antarctaspina Denison 1975
+
Fm. †Antarctaspididae White 1968
+
G. †Antarctaspis White 1968
Fm. †Gavinaspididae Dupret and Zhu 2008
+
G. †Gavinaspis Dupret and Zhu 2008
+
Gavinaspis convergens Dupret and Zhu 2008
Subor. †Phyllolepina Denison 1975
+
Fm. †Phyllolepidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Austrophyllolepis Long 1984
G. †Pentagonolepis Lohest 1890
G. †Phyllolepis Agassiz 1843
Or. †Pseudopetalichthyida Denison 1975
+
Fm. †Paraplesiobatidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Paraplesiobatis Broili 1933
+
G. †Pseudopetalichthys Moy-Thomas 1939
+
Or. †Ptychostei Jaekel 1911
+
Invalid names: Phlyctaenaspi Jaekel 1911 [empty]
Or. †Ptyctodontida Gross 1932
+
G. †Denisonodus Johnson and Elliott 1996
Fm. †Ptyctodontidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Acmoniodus Hussakof and Bryant 1920
G. †Bulbocanthus Bryant 1932
+
Bulbocanthus rugosus Bryant 1932
G. †Chelyophorus Agassiz 1845
+
Chelyophorus pskovensis Obruchev 1947
Chelyophorus verneuili Agassiz 1844
G. †Ctenurella Ørvig 1960
+
Ctenurella gardineri Miles and Young 1977
Ctenurella gladbachensis Ørvig 1960
G. †Desmoporella Orvig 1971
+
Desmoporella minor Gross 1933
G. †Eczematolepis Miller 1892
+
Eczematolepis fragilis Newberry 1857
Eczematolepis pustulosus Newberry 1875
Eczematolepis telleri Eastman 1898
Invalid names: Acantholepis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
G. †Goniosteus Gross 1933
+
G. †Palaeomylus Woodward 1891
+
Palaeomylus crassus Newberry 1873
Palaeomylus frangens Newberry 1878
Palaeomylus greenei Newberry 1889
Palaeomylus hussakofi Bryant 1935
Palaeomylus lunaeformis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
Palaeomylus minor Bryant 1935
Palaeomylus predator Eastman 1898
G. †Ptyctodopsis Denison 1985
+
Ptyctodopsis menzeli Denison 1985
G. †Ptyctodus Pander 1858
+
Ptyctodus bradyi Hussakof 1942
Ptyctodus calceolus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Ptyctodus compressus Eastman 1898
Ptyctodus czarnockii Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
Ptyctodus eastmani Weller 1906
Ptyctodus ferox Eastman 1898
Ptyctodus howlandi Hussakof and Bryant 1919
Ptyctodus kielcensis Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
Ptyctodus major Rohon 1895
Ptyctodus molaris Eastman 1898
Ptyctodus obliquus Pander 1858
Ptyctodus panderi Eastman 1898
Ptyctodus punctatus Eastman 1898
Ptyctodus reimanni Carter 1942
Ptyctodus sibericus Tolmachoff 1915
G. †Ramphodus Jaekel 1903
G. †Rhynchodus Newberry 1873
+
Rhynchodus excavatus Newberry 1877
Rhynchodus eximius Jaekel 1919
Rhynchodus major Eastman 1898
Rhynchodus marginalis Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
Rhynchodus occidentalis Newberry 1878
Rhynchodus ornatus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
Rhynchodus pertenuis Eastman 1904
Rhynchodus rostratus Eastman 1898
Rhynchodus secans Newberry 1873
Rhynchodus telleri Hussakof and Bryant 1919
Rhynchodus tetrodon Jaekel 1903
Rhynchodus wildungensis Jaekel 1929
G. Rinodus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Rhamphodopsis Watson 1938
+
G. †Tollodus Mark-Kurik 1977
Invalid names: Ptyctodontiformes [synonym]
Or. †Rhenanida Broili 1930
+
Fm. †Asterosteidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Asterosteus Newberry 1875
+
Asterosteus stenocephalus Newberry 1875
G. †Gemuendina Traquair 1903
+
Gemuendina stuertzi Traquair 1903
G. †Jagorina Jaeckel 1821
+
Jagorina pandora Jaekel 1921
G. †Ohioaspis Wells 1944
+
Ohioaspis tumulosus Wells 1944
G. †Bolivosteus Goujet et al. 1986
G. †Sedowichthys Bystrow 1957
+
Sedowichthys terraboreae Bystrow 1957
Or. †Stensioellida Romer 1945
+
Fm. †Stensioellidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Stensioella Broili 1933
+
Stensioella heintzi Broili 1933
G. †Tollichthys Bystrow 1957
+
Tollichthys polaris Bystrow 1957
G. †Yunnanacanthus Liu 1973
+
Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyiformes [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gorstian to the top of the Rhaetian or 427.40000 to 201.30000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 425.6 Ma

Collections (130 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gorstian427.4 - 425.6China (Junnan) Silurolepis platydorsalis, Yunnanolepiformes sp. (182557)
Ludfordian425.6 - 423.0China (Junnan) Arthrodira sp. (182558)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2China (Junnan) Petalichthyida sp. (182559)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Ukraine Erikaspis zychi (233554)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Wyoming) Aethaspis sp., Simblaspis sp. (153534)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8China (Yunnan) Asiacanthus kaoi, Asiacanthus suni, Gavinaspis convergens, Zhanjilepis aspratilis, Zhanjilepis sp., Phymolepis cuifengshanensis, Phymolepis guoruii, Chuchinolepis sulcata, Chuchinolepis sp., Chuchinolepis gracilis, Chuchinolepis qujingensis, Chuchinolepis robusta, Yunnanolepis parvus, Yunnanolepis porifera, Yunnanolepis sp., Yunnanolepis chii, Parawilliamsaspis yujiangensis, Szelepis yunnanensis (162781) Zhanjilepis aspratilis, Chuchinolepis gracilis, Yunnanolepis parvus, Yunnanolepis porifera, Yunnanolepis chii, Heteroyunnanolepis qujingensis (173380)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8China (Guangxi) Asiacanthus kaoi, Asiacanthus suni, Yunnanolepis sp. (4005) Orientolepis neokwangsiensis, Yunnanolepis sp. (4007)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8United Kingdom Overtonaspis billballi, Prescottaspis dineleyi (233164)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Czech Republic Holopetalichthys kosorensis, Kosoraspis peckai (231818)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8United Kingdom (England) Arthrodira indet. (90351) Wheathillaspis wickhamkingi, Heightingtonaspis anglica, Heightingtonaspis willsi, Plataspis sp. (90352)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Russian Federation Acanthothoraci indet. (26672)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6USA (Ohio) Aethaspis sp. (26874)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Australia (New South) Wuttagoonaspis fletcheri (233555)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Japan Romundina sp. (133438)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Norway Sigaspis lepidophora, Dicksonosteus arcticus (233178)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Svalbard and Jan Mayen Heintzosteus brevis, Lehmanosteus hyperboreus (233179)
Pragian - Givetian410.8 - 382.7Australia (Northern Territory) Toombalepis tuberculata, Lurapullaspis johannseni, Wuttagoonaspis milligani, Cravenaspis trematosus (233556)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany Lunaspis heroldi, Lunaspis broilii, Brachythoraci indet., Stuertzaspis germanica, Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi (26904) Tityosteus rieversi (74300)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Morocco Brachythoraci indet. (150334)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Russian Federation Ohioaspis sp. (35712)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany (Gemuenden) Nessariostoma granulosum, Gemuendina stuertzi, Gemuendenaspis angusta, Pseudopetalichthys problematicus (26903)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3USA (Utah`) Aethaspis utahensis, Aethaspis major, Simblaspis cachensis, Bryantolepis sp. (233171)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3USA (Wyoming) Anarthraspis montanus, Anarthraspis chamberlini, Bryantolepis brachycephalus, Bryantolepis cristatus, Bryantolepis major, Bryantolepis obscurus, Bulbocanthus rugosus (26176)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Australia (New South Wales) Buchanosteus confertituberculatus, Errolosteus goodradigbeensis, Toombsosteus denisoni, Arenipiscis westolli, Taemasosteus novaustrocambricus, Brindabellaspis stensioi, Weejasperaspis gavini (233190)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Australia (Queensland) Pterichthyodid anitarch (119809)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Belarus (Gormel) Actinolepis zaikai (232955) Placodermi indet., Actinolepis zaikai (232956)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3New Zealand Actinolepis sp. (40525)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Nunavut) Asterolepis sp. (26588 26592)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Belarus (Vitebsk) Placodermi indet. (232877)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3South Africa Coccosteus sp. (a) (35578)
Emsian - Givetian407.6 - 382.7Antarctica Grifftaylor antarcticus, Boomeraspis goujeti, Turrisaspis sp. (207084) Mulgaspis sp. (207085)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9Morocco Antineosteus lehmani (208249)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9Russian Federation Ohioaspis sp. (35720)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian402.5 - 387.7Latvia Homostius sp., Actinolepis sp. (226510)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Placodermi indet. (60140)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus Asterolepis sp., Byssacanthus sp., Phlyctaeniina gen. n. ?, Ptyctodontida gen. n. ? (225882) Byssacanthus sp. (225881) Phlyctaeniina gen. n. (225853)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus (Vitebsk) Actinolepis sp. (232874) Placodermi indet., Byssacanthus dilatatus, Euarthrodira indet., Ptyctodontida indet. (232958)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Spain (Aragon) Arthrodira indet. (40439)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Estonia Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius latus, Coccosteus cuspidatus, Actinolepis tuberculata, Holonema sp. B Mark-Kurik, Ptyctodontida indet. (225793) Byssacanthus dilatatus (225792) Byssacanthus dilatatus, Protitanichthys sp., Holonema sp. A Mark-Kurik (225794) Hybosteus sp., Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius sp., Actinolepis tuberculata (225791)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Latvia Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Actinolepis tuberculata (225795) Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius latus, Coccosteus cuspidatus, Actinolepis tuberculata (225796 225797)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7Canada (Nunavut) Placodermi indet. (26577)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Belarus Asterolepis sp., Coccosteus sp., Rhynchodus sp. (225886)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Canada (Manitoba) Dinichthys canadensis (624)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius latus, Dickosteus grossi, Holonema obrutshevi (225804) Asterolepis sp., Asterolepis dellei, Homostius latus, Coccosteus markae, Actinolepis magna, Holonema harmae (225851) Hybosteus sp., Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius latus, Dickosteus grossi, Actinolepis tuberculata (225803)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Latvia Asterolepis estonica, Byssacanthus dilatatus, Homostius latus, Dickosteus grossi, Actinolepis tuberculata, Holonema obrutshevi (225802 225850)
Late/Upper Givetian388.1 - 383.7Belarus Bothriolepis sp., Plourdosteus sp., Plourdosteus livonicus, Ptyctodontida indet., Ctenurella sp. (225888)
Late/Upper Givetian388.1 - 383.7China Bothriolepis sp. (209617)
Late/Upper Givetian388.1 - 383.7Latvia Bothriolepis curonica, Grossilepis spinosa, Asterolepis ornata, Plourdosteus panderi, Plourdosteus livonicus (225777)
Late/Upper Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia Hybosteus mirabilis, Microbrachius dicki, Asterolepis essica, Byssacanthus sp., Watsonosteus sp., Plourdosteus panderi, Livosteus grandis, Actinolepis magna (225778)
Middle Givetian388.1 - 383.7Belarus Microbrachius sp., Plourdosteus sp. (225887)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian388.1 - 382.4Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) Coccosteus sp., Ptyctodus sp., Ctenurella gladbachensis (197071) Ctenurella gladbachensis (226078)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Spitsbergen) Coccosteidae indet. (225592)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Antarctica Barwickosteus antarcticus (207080) Boomeraspis goujeti (207089)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Iowa) Dinichthyidae indet. (90325) Ptyctodus sp., Rhynchodus sp., Ptyctodopsis menzeli (163063)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Illinois) Placodermi indet. (76641)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2China (Hunan) Bothriolepis sinensis (233242)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2USA (Iowa) Placodermi indet. (226053)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran Antiarchi indet., Pachyosteomorphi indet., Eastmanosteus sp., Holonema sp., Ptyctodontidae indet. (226048)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Russian Federation Asterolepis syasiensis, Asterolepis sp., Asterolepis radiata, Asterolepis ornata, Plourdosteus livonicus, Ptyctodontida indet., Ptyctodus sp. (90343)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Australia (Western Australia) Eastmanosteus calliaspis, Incisoscutum ritchei, Latocamurus coulthardi, Rolfosteus canningensis, Fallacosteus turneri, Harrytoombsia elegan, Torosteus tuberculatus, Torosteus puchellus, Torosteus submarginatus, Mcnamaraspis kaprios (233189)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Colorado) Bothriolepis coloradensis (207898)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Morocco Walterosteus lelievrei, Rhinosteus parvulus, Enseosteus marocanensis, Draconichthys elegan (233172)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2France Melanosteus occitanus (233558)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (Quebec) Bothriolepis canadensis, Plourdosteus canadensis (179176)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Germany Pholidosteus pygmaeus, Pholidosteus bidorsatus, Pholidosteus laevior, Pholidosteus friedeli, Brachydeirus bicarinatus, Brachydeirus gracilis, Brachydeirus minor, Brachydeirus carinatus, Brachydeirus magnus, Synauchenia coalescens, Oxyosteus rostratus, Oxyosteus magnus, Leptosteus bickensis, Parabelosteus pusillus, Parabelosteus tuberculatus, Parabelosteus acuticeps, Trematosteus fontanellus, Cyrtosteus inflatus, Belosteus elegans, Brachyosteus dietrichi, Erromenosteus inflatus, Erromenosteus concavus, Erromenosteus diensti, Erromenosteus platycephalus, Erromenosteus brachyrostris, Erromenosteus lucifer, Rhinosteus traquari, Rhinosteus parvulus, Rhinosteus tuberculatus, Enseosteus hermani, Enseosteus pachyosteides, Enseosteus jaekeli, Microsteus gracilis, Microsteus dubius (233181) Walterosteus grossi (233180)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis minor, Coccosteus macromus (164512) Holonema horrida, Holonema rugosa (164509)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) Camuropiscis concinnus (172211) Camuropiscis laidlawi (172213) Gogosteus sarahae (136090) Placodermi indet. (232512)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (New South Wales) Holonema westolli (232510)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Russian Federation (Tuva) Bothriolepis dorakarasugensis, Bothriolepis sibirica (214853) Bothriolepis sibirica (214854 214855)
Frasnian - Famennian382.7 - 358.9USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis sp. (225800)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9Colombia (Boyacá) Bothriolepis sp., Asterolepis sp., Groenlandaspis indet. (211928)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9Ukraine (Volyno-Podoliya) Macrodontophion sp. (64101)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (California) Dunkleosteus terrelli (206454)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9Norway Asterolepidae sp. (154904)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (Virginia) Bothriolepis virginiensis (103795)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) Dinichthys sp., Eastmanosteus new sp., Eastmanosteus sp. 2, Plourdosteus sp., Plourdosteus grossi, Malerosteus gorizdroae, Brachydeirus scaber, Brachydeirus grandis, Oxyosteus sp., Pachyosteus bulla, Deveonema obrucevi, Holonema sp., Holonema radiatum, Gyroplacosteus sp., Rhynchodus sp. 1, Rhynchodus sp. 2 (226394)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9South Africa (Eastern Cape) Bothriolepis africana, Phlyctaeniidae indeterminate 1, Phlyctaeniidae indeterminate 2, Africanaspis doryssa, Africanaspis species 2, Groenlandaspis riniensis, Ptyctodontida indet. (68049)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Ohio) Dinichthys herzeri (181411) Dunkleosteus raveri (181412)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9United Kingdom (Somerset) Phyllolepis sp., Bothriolepis sp., Coccosteus sp., Groenlandaspis sp. (232123)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Libya Placodermi indet. (36824)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis nitidus, Holonema rugosa (164511) Bothriolepis sp. (28211)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Belarus (Homel) Arthrodira indet. (232529) Taeniolepis trautscholdi (232528)
Middle Famennian370.6 - 364.7Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast) Bothriolepis siberica, Remigolepis armata, Ptyctodus major (226045)
Middle Famennian370.6 - 364.7Morocco Amazichthys trinajsticae (231912)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Russian Federation (Lipetsk) Arthrodira indet. (225665)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Russian Federation (Tula) Remigolepis armata (225666)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Ireland Coccosteus decipiens (32230)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Russian Federation (Tulskaya Oblast) Bothriolepis sp., Remigolepis armata (176224)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7USA (Missouri) Dinichthys sp. (6026) Ptyctodus calceolus (6027 6041 6051)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7USA (ohio) Holdenius holdeni, Hussakofia minor, Heintzichthys gouldi, Paramylostoma arcualis, Selenosteus brevis, Gymnotrachelus hydei, Stenosteus angustopectus, Stenosteus pertenuis, Stenosteus glaber, Bungartius perissus (233183)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium Placodermi indet. (131916)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Belarus (Homel) Taeniolepis trauscholdi (232531)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2United Kingdom Asterolepis verrucosa, Coccosteus carbonarius (132781) Cosmacanthus marginalis, Cosmacanthus carinatus, Nemacanthus priscus (137333)
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9United Kingdom Chelyophorus griffithii (132779)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Asterolepis sp. (91635)