| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Sparidae
Taxonomy
Sparoidei was named by Cuvier (1817). It is extant.
It was corrected as Sparidae by David (1943), Jordan (1963), Casier (1966), Danil'chenko (1980), Gaemers (1984), Nolf and Dockery (1993), Weems (1999), Mors et al. (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Day (2002), Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Carnevale et al. (2014), Bannikov (2014), Szabo et al. (2017) and Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Kurtiformes by Jordan (1963); to Percoidea by David (1943) and Casier (1966); to Beryciformes by Nolf and Dockery (1993); to Sparoidea by Day (2002); to Percoidei by Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012) and Bannikov (2014); to Perciformes by Danil'chenko (1980), Gaemers (1984), Weems (1999), Mors et al. (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Carnevale et al. (2014) and Szabo et al. (2017); and to Spariformes by Betancur et al. (2013) and Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was corrected as Sparidae by David (1943), Jordan (1963), Casier (1966), Danil'chenko (1980), Gaemers (1984), Nolf and Dockery (1993), Weems (1999), Mors et al. (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Day (2002), Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Carnevale et al. (2014), Bannikov (2014), Szabo et al. (2017) and Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Kurtiformes by Jordan (1963); to Percoidea by David (1943) and Casier (1966); to Beryciformes by Nolf and Dockery (1993); to Sparoidea by Day (2002); to Percoidei by Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012) and Bannikov (2014); to Perciformes by Danil'chenko (1980), Gaemers (1984), Weems (1999), Mors et al. (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Carnevale et al. (2014) and Szabo et al. (2017); and to Spariformes by Betancur et al. (2013) and Cicimurri et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1943 | Sparidae David p. 27 |
| 1963 | Sparidae Jordan p. 697 |
| 1966 | Sparidae Casier p. 197 |
| 1980 | Sparidae Danil'chenko p. 136 |
| 1984 | Sparidae Gaemers p. 4042 |
| 1993 | Sparidae Nolf and Dockery p. 34 |
| 1999 | Sparidae Weems p. 62 |
| 2000 | Sparidae Mors et al. p. 151 |
| 2001 | Sparidae Purdy et al. p. 173 |
| 2002 | Sparidae Day p. 335 |
| 2003 | Sparidae Schwarzhans p. 85 |
| 2011 | Sparidae Schwarzhans and Bratischko p. 103 |
| 2012 | Sparidae Fierstine et al. p. 120 |
| 2013 | Sparidae Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Sparidae Bannikov p. 28 |
| 2014 | Sparidae Carnevale et al. p. 43 |
| 2017 | Sparidae Szabo et al. |
| 2022 | Sparidae Cicimurri et al. |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Sparidae Cuvier 1817
show all | hide all
Subfm. †Dentinae
+
G. Diplodus Rafinesque 1810
+
†Diplodus jamnitanus Valenciennes 1844
†Diplodus jomnitanus Valencienes 1844
†Diplodus karrerae Nolf and Steurbaut 1979
Subg. Otolithus (Chrysophris) Cuvier 1829
+
†Chrysophris doederleini Bassoli and Schubert 1906
†Chrysophris hennii Van Beneden 1871
†Chrysophris miolankae Deraniyagala 1969
†Chrysophrys blanckenhorni Bohm 1926
†Chrysophrys brevis Lednev 1914
†Chrysophrys diatomaceus Bogatshov 1942
†Chrysophrys honi Leriche 1926
G. Sargus Walbaum 1792
+
†Sargus cuvieri Agassiz 1839
†Sargus laticonus Davis 1888
†Sargus oranensis Woodward 1901
G. †Sparidarum Bonaparte 1832
+
†Sparidarum crescens Frost 1925
†Sparidarum doderleini Bassoli 1906
†Sparidarum elongatus Priem 1906
†Sparidarum frosti Vorstman 1927
†Sparidarum gautieri Steurbaut 1984
†Sparidarum gregarius Koken 1891
†Sparidarum pectinoides Stinton and Nolf 1970
G. †Sparnodus Agassiz 1835
+
†Sparnodus altivelis Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus elongatus Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus eotauricus Bogatshov 1965
†Sparnodus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus micracanthus Agassiz 1839
†Sparnodus ovalis Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus vulgaris de Blainville 1818
Invalid names: Denticinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 100.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Collections (108 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cenomanian | Brazil (Maranhão) | Sparidae indet. (67225) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Sparidae indet. (47782) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Sparidae indet. (45087) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Sparidae indet. (47893) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Haute-Garonne) | Sparidae indet. (48865 118194 148954 172588) | |
| Danian | Greenland | Sparidarum carribaeus (22943) | |
| Selandian | Denmark | Sparidarum sp. (159792 159793) | |
| Selandian | USA (Alabama) | Sparidae indet. (87817) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | Ukraine | Sparidarum spatiatus (159509) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Sciaenurus bowerbanki, Podocephalus nitidus, Podocephalus curryi (13299) | |
| Ypresian | Italy | Sparnodus elongatus, Sparnodus vulgaris, Pseudosparnodus microstomus, Ellaserrata monksi, Abromasta microdon (94830) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Sparidae indet. (176085) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica | Sparidae indet. (100414) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Sciaenurus bowerbanki (15595) | |
| Lutetian | Belgium | Lagodon pectinoides (123069) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Lower Saxony,) | Sparidarum sp., Sparidarum pectinoides (188954) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus gregarius (42636 42641) | |
| Priabonian | Namibia (Sperrgebiet) | Chrysophrys blankenhorni (149316) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Sparidae indet. (75638) | |
| Priabonian | Libya | Chrysophrys sp. (42144) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus gregarius (42640) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Diplodus sp. (69805) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Oman (Dhofar) | Sparidae indet. (162464 175334) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Chrysophris schoppi (95898) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Diplodus sp. (224900) | |
| Rupelian | New Zealand | Sargus laticonus (187476) | |
| Rupelian | Hungary | Sparidae indet. (124377) | |
| Rupelian | Belgium | Sparidarum sp. (188930) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Sparidarum gregarius (205843) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Louisiana) | Sparidarum sp. (44521) | |
| Chattian | Hungary | Sparidae indet. (184477) | |
| Chattian | Germany | Sparidae indet. (57119) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Sparidae indet. (97550) | |
| Aquitanian | Italy | Chrysophrys cincta (47623) | |
| Aquitanian | Hungary (Esztergom) | Sparidae indet. (186636) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Costa Rica | Diplodus jomnitanus (187875) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Indonesia (Maros) | Sparidae indet. (187654) | |
| Miocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Sargus laticonus (202913 202915) | |
| Miocene | Sri Lanka | Chrysophrys miolankae (13449) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Tottori) | Sparidae indet. (161450) | |
| Neogene | Indonesia (Aceh) | Sparidarum voslangensis, Sparidarum crescens (223637 223639) | |
| Neogene | Indonesia | Sparidarum gregarius (223638) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | Diplodus sp., S. morphotype 1, S. morphotype 2 (70814) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Sparidae indet. (49102) | |
| Burdigalian | Colombia (La Guajira) | S. sp. (166506) | |
| Burdigalian | Saudi Arabia | Sparidae indet. (47095) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Mallorca) | Diplodus vulgaris, Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (155253) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Sparidae indet. (37238) | |
| Burdigalian - Tortonian | France | Diplodus jomnitanus (187577) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | Sparidarum elongatus (67897 67900) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (Southland) | Sparidarum gregarius (85538) | |
| Langhian | France | Diplodus sp. (219197) | |
| Langhian | Sri Lanka (Puttalam) | Chrysophrys miolankae (14149) | |
| MN 5 | Austria | Diplodus incisivus, Sparidae indet. (51002) | |
| MN 5 | Germany | Sparidae indet. (46955) | |
| MN 5 - MN 6 | Portugal | Diplodus jomnitanus (65912) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France | Diplodus sp. (154318 154319) | |
| Serravallian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Sparidae indet., Chrysophrys sp. (55599) | |
| Badenian | Poland | Diplodus sp. (162017) | |
| Badenian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161996) | |
| Badenian | Czech Republic (Mikulov) | Diplodus sitifensis, Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161993) Diplodus sitifensis, Sparidae indet. (161995) Sparidae indet. (161994) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (California) | Sparidae indet. (84331) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Sparidarum doderleini (178120) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Sparidae indet. (24237) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Plectrites classeni (45489) | |
| Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Sargus incertus (13626) Sparidae indet. (128628 140010) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | Sparidae indet. (207584 207585 207587 207589) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Plectrites classeni (185671 185673) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Costa Rica (Limon) | Diplodus oweni (162678) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Turkey | Sparidae indet. (56563) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Sparidae indet. (22219) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Portugal | Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (56459) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Balearic Islands) | Diplodus jommnitanus (162713 162714) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Crete) | Sparidae indet. (207591) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Diplodus sp., Diplodus oranensis, Diplodus jomnitanus (59256) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Diplodus jomnitanus (186631) Diplodus oranensis (186585 219784) | |
| Zanclean | USA (Florida) | Sparidae indet. (46369) | |
| Zanclean | Greece (Peloponnese) | Diplodus annularis (207769) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Morocco | Sparidae indet. (32052) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Sargus oweni (207359) | |
| Gelasian | Greece (Rhodes) | Sparidae indet. (207579 207580) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Greece (Rhodes) | Diplodus annularis (207571) | |
| Gelasian - Ionian | Greece (Kephallonia) | Sparidae indet. (207577) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Diplodus puntazzo (159140) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Diplodus sargus (90036) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Greece (Argolida) | Sparidae indet. (182709) |