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Ensis

Bivalvia - Solenida - Pharidae

Taxonomy
Ensis was named by Schumacher (1817) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Solenidae by Glenn (1904); to Cultellidae by Mukerjee (1939), Ward and Blackwelder (1987) and Wienrich (1999); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Pharidae by Moore (2003), Schneider et al. (2005) and Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1817Ensis Schumacher
1904Ensis Glenn p. 291
1939Ensis Mukerjee p. 13
1987Ensis Ward and Blackwelder p. 130
1999Ensis Wienrich p. 245
2002Ensis Sepkoski
2003Ensis Moore
2005Ensis Schneider et al. p. 101
2008Ensis Nielson and Valdovinos p. 206

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
RankNameAuthor
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
CardioniFerussac 1822
CardiidiaFerussac 1822
SolenataDall 1889
orderSolenidaDall 1889
superfamilySolenoidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyPharidaeAdams and A 1858
genusEnsisSchumacher 1817

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ensis Schumacher 1817
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Ensis directus Conrad 1844
Ensis ensiformis Conrad 1843
Ensis macha Molina 1782
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Invalid names: Solen gladiolus Gray 1839 [synonym]
Ensis minor Dall 1899
Ensis myrae Berry 1953
Ensis nitidus Clessin 1888
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Invalid names: Ensis californicus Dall 1899 [synonym]
Ensis schmidti Olsson 1914
Ensis tropicalis Hertlein and Strong 1955
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Life habit: infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-09 14:22:33
Modified: 2009-09-09 16:22:33
Source: g = genus, c = class
References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (162 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Texas) E. sp. (205541)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Peru (Piura) E. sp. (52527)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) E. sp. (205489)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark (Jylland) E. hausmanni (9170)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Northern Mariana Islands E. sp. (43371)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97India E. n. sp. (72084) E. sp. (76573 76574)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (New Jersey) E. directus (59335 59723 59736 59752 92757)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Maryland) E. ensiformis (125939)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Florida) E. directus (42482 42663)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany E. hausmanni (111599) E. sp. (164944)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) E. directus (18579)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Maryland) E. ensiformis (69023)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) E. hausmanni (61895 61896 61902) E. sp. (62888)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Bulgaria E. rollei (60288)
Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene15.97 - 3.6Chile (CopiapĆ³) E. sp. (222872)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Maryland) E. ensiformis (79111) E. sp. (79107 79353)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Florida) E. directus (42886 42891 111204) E. sp. (68970)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Belgium E. hausmanni (95167)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Belgium E. sp. (77863 77864 77868 77869 77871)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Dominican Republic E. sp. (74935)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama E. sp. (187583)
Tortonian - Piacenzian11.62 - 2.588USA (California) E. sp. (188305)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Maryland) E. directus (69032)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Virginia) E. directus (79751 79752 79754)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Italy E. sp. (78335 78338)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) E. directus (60939)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Belgium E. hausmanni (86801 86802) E. sp. (126155)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) E. directus (60940)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Costa Rica E. tropicalis (124268 124271)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588USA (North Carolina) E. directus (79248 79249)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) E. sp., E. hausmanni (59003)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Virginia) E. ensiformis (78261 78262 78265)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Peru E. sp. (97650)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Chile E. sp. (79204 79205 79206 79207)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588United Kingdom (England) Solen gladiolus (84759 84764)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (North Carolina) E. directus (58893 58894 58895 68979 79341 79342 79343) E. sp. (69018)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) E. directus (80037)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Belgium E. hausmanni (86803 86806) E. hausmanni, E. complanatus (86804 86805)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Peru E. macha (219107)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (North Carolina) E. directus (71138)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Belgium E. complanatus (86807)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Chile E. macha (89241)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (North Carolina) E. directus (58897 60988 69043 79339 79340 80034) E. veritis (80035)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) E. minor (61309)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781United Kingdom (England) E. siliqua (97968) E. sp. (97967)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (South Carolina) E. directus (60944)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) E. directus (80053)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) E. californicus (201624)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New York) E. directus (66377 66379 66381)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) E. directus (7108)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) E. directus (66603 66604 66612 66614 66616 66618 66621 66624)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Chile (CopiapĆ³) E. macha (222837)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Delaware) E. directus (66703)
Calabrian1.806 - 0.781Peru (Ica) E. macha (219105)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (North Carolina) E. directus (91459 91462)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (Florida) E. minor (67069)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Ireland E. siliqua (178118)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Peru (Moquegua) E. macha (43708 43710)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (North Carolina) E. directus (66742 66746 66748 66749 66750 66751 66752 66754 69047)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Maine) E. directus (66338)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Massachusetts) E. directus (61268 61269 66359)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) E. directus (69040)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Peru E. macha (76643)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) E. directus (75526)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Maryland) E. directus (66706 66721)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) E. directus (60930 69046 79705 79706 79707 79956 79957) E. directus, E. minor (66758 66760)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (California) E. californicus (59063 96566)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) E. directus (57702 57705 57706 69049 80132)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Turkey E. sp. (78332)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Portugal (Azores) E. minor (128470)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) E. directus (92753)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina E. macha (71604)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) E. minor (41935 41940 92774 92776)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France E. sp. (56803)