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Merycoidodontidae (oreodont)

Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Oreodontidae Leidy
1873Oreodontidae Leidy p. 318
1884Oreodontidae Cope p. 503
1884Merychyus pariogonus Cope p. 542
1889Oreodontidae Cope p. 876
1891Oreodontidae Cope p. 21
1902Merychyus pariogonus Hay p. 669
1910Oreodontidae Gregory p. 466
1911Oreodontidae Jaekel p. 234
1912Merycoidodontidae Cook p. 45
1913Oreodontidae Scott p. 361
1937Merycoidodontidae Thorpe p. 31
1937Merychyus pariogonus Thorpe p. 231 figs. PI. XXXIV, figs. 7-9
1940Merycoidodontidae Scott p. 648
1950Phenacocoelinae Schultz and Falkenbach p. 95
1954Pseudodesmatochoerus pariogonus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 211
1969Merycoidodontidae Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1969Merycoidodontidae Stevens et al. p. 26
1969Phenacocoelinae Stevens et al. p. 26
1996Merycoidodontidae Stevens and Stevens p. 510
1996Phenacocoelinae Stevens and Stevens p. 510
1997Oreodontidae McKenna and Bell p. 408
1998Merycoides pariogonus Lander
1998Merycoidodontidae Lander
2003Merycoidodontidae Parris and Grandstaff p. 63
2007Merycoides pariogonus Stevens and Stevens p. 160
2009Oreodontidae Morgan et al.
2011Oreodontidae Lander and Lindsay p. 221

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
familyMerycoidodontidae
familyMerycoidodontidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Merycoidodontidae Cook 1912 [oreodont]
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Subfm. †Aclistomycterinae Lander 1998
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G. †Aclistomycter Wilson 1971
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Aclistomycter dunagani Wilson 1971
Aclistomycter middletoni Wilson 1971
Subfm. †Brachycrurinae Stevens and Stevens 1996
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G. †Brachycrus Matthew 1901
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Brachycrus laticeps Douglass 1900
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Invalid names: Brachycrus buwaldi barstowensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1940 [synonym], Brachycrus laticeps mooki Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Brachycrus sweetwaterensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1940 [synonym], Brachycrus vaughani Schultz and Falkenbach 1940 [synonym], Brachycrus vaughani rioosoensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Brachycrus wilsoni Schultz and Falkenbach 1940 [synonym], Brachycrus wilsoni longensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1940 [synonym], Desmatochoerus newchicagoensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Merycochoerus altiramus Douglass 1901 [synonym], Merycochoerus buwaldi Merriam 1919 [synonym], Merycochoerus elrodi Douglass 1901 [synonym], Merycochoerus madisonius Douglass 1901 [synonym]
Brachycrus rusticus Leidy 1870
Brachycrus siouense Sinclair 1915
Invalid names: Brachycrus rusticus riograndensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Pronomotherium Douglass 1907 [synonym]
Subfm. †Eporeodontinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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G. †Eporeodon Marsh 1875
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Subg. †Eporeodon (Paraeporeodon) Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Eporeodon occidentalis Marsh 1873
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Invalid names: Dayohyus wortmani Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Eporeodon condoni Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Eporeodon davisi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Eporeodon leptacanthus Cope 1884 [synonym], Eporeodon longifrons Cope 1884 [synonym], Eporeodon thurstoni Stock 1934 [synonym], Eucrotaphus trigonocephalus Cope 1884 [synonym]
Eporeodon pacificus Cope 1884
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Invalid names: Eporeodon leptacanthus leptacanthus Cope 1884 [synonym], Eporeodon perbullatus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Eucrotaphus jacksoni leptacanthus Cope 1884 [synonym], Eucrotaphus major longifrons Cope 1884 [synonym], Hypsiops johndayensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [synonym], Pseudogenetochoerus covensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dayohyus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
G. †Merycoides Douglass 1907
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Merycoides cursor Douglass 1907
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Invalid names: Merycoides nebraskensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym]
Merycoides longiceps Douglass 1907
Merycoides stouti Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
Invalid names: Merycoides nebraskensis blairi Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym]
Subfm. †Leptaucheniinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1940
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G. †Leptauchenia Leidy 1856
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Subg. †Leptauchenia (Sespia) Stock 1930
Leptauchenia decora Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Cyclopidius (Chelonocephalus) schucherti Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Cyclopidius loganensis Koerner 1940 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia eiseleyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia primitiva Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia harveyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia martini Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia minora Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Leptauchenia parasimus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes altageringensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes breviceps Loomis 1925 [synonym], Pithecistes brevifacies Cope 1877 [synonym], Pithecistes copei Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes decedens Cope 1884 [synonym], Pithecistes facies Cope 1888 [synonym], Pithecistes mariae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes tanneri Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius orellaensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Leptauchenia lullianus Thorpe 1921
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Invalid names: Cyclopidius quadratus Koerner 1940 [synonym]
Leptauchenia major Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Brachymeryx feliceps Cope 1877 [synonym], Cyclopidius emydinus Cope 1884 [synonym], Cyclopidius incisivus Scott 1893 [synonym], Cyclopidius simus Cope 1877 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia extrema Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Leptauchenia densa Loomis 1925 [synonym], Leptauchenia margeryae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Pseudocyclopidius lullianus expiratus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Invalid names: Brachymeryx Cope 1877 [synonym], Cyclopidius Cope 1877 [synonym], Hadroleptauchenia Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pithecistes Cope 1877 [synonym], Pseudocyclopidius Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Pseudoleptauchenia Unknown [objective synonym]
G. †Limnenetes Douglass 1902
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Limnenetes platyceps Douglass 1902
G. †Sespia Stock 1930
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Sespia californica Stock 1930
Sespia heterodon Cope 1877
Sespia nitida Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Sespia marianae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Sespia ultima Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Invalid names: Megasespia middleswarti Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Tr. †Sespiini Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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G. †Megasespia Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Invalid names: Leptaucheniini Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [empty]
Subfm. †Merychyinae Simpson 1945
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G. †Merychyus Leidy 1858
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Subg. †Merychyus (Metoreodon) Matthew and Cook 1909
Merychyus arenarum Cope 1884
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Invalid names: Merychyus arenarum leptorhynchus Cope 1884 [invalid subgroup], Merychyus euryops Cope 1899 [synonym]
Merychyus calaminthus Jahns 1940
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Invalid names: Merychyus crabilli Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [synonym], Merychyus jahnsi Whistler 1967 [synonym]
Merychyus elegans Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Merychyus paniensis Loomis 1924 [synonym]
Merychyus minimus Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Merychyus delicatus Loomis 1924 [synonym]
Merychyus relictus Matthew and Cook 1909
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Invalid names: Merychyus (Metoreodon) relictus taylori Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [invalid subgroup]
Merychyus verrucomalus Stevens 1970
Invalid names: Merychyus (Metoreodon) relictus fletcheri Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [invalid subgroup], Merychyus arenarum idahoensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [invalid subgroup], Merychyus crabilli ziaensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Metoreodon Matthew and Cook 1909 [synonym]
G. †Oreodontoides Thorpe 1921
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Oreodontoides curtus Loomis 1924
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Invalid names: Desmatochoerus anthyonyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
G. †Paramerychyus Schultz and Falkenbach 1947
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Paramerychyus harrisonensis Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Merychyus siouxensis Loomis 1924 [synonym]
Paramerychyus relictus Loomis 1924
Subfm. †Merycochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1940
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G. †Hypsiops Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
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Hypsiops brachymelis Douglass 1907
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Invalid names: Ticholeptus breviceps Douglass 1907 [synonym], Ticholeptus petersoni Loomis 1923 [synonym]
Hypsiops latidens Douglass 1907
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Invalid names: Promerycochoerus pygmyus Loomis 1924 [synonym]
Hypsiops rooneyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
G. †Merycochoerus Leidy 1858
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Merycochoerus magnus Loomis 1924
Merycochoerus matthewi Loomis 1924
Merycochoerus pinensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1949
Merycochoerus proprius Leidy 1858
Invalid names: Merycochoerus (Brachycrus) Matthew 1901 [invalid subgroup], Paracotylops Matthew 1901 [synonym]
G. †Submerycochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
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Invalid names: Pseudomesoreodon boulderensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [synonym], Pseudomesoreodon rolli Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [synonym]
Subfm. †Merycoidodontinae Hay 1902
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G. †Merycoidodon Leidy 1848
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Subg. †Merycoidodon (Anomerycoidodon) Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Merycoidodon (Anomerycoidodon) lambi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Subg. †Merycoidodon (Blickohyus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Subg. †Merycoidodon (Merycoidodon) Stevens and Stevens 1996
Subg. †Merycoidodon (Otarohyus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Merycoidodon bullatus Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Eporeodon cedrensis Matthew 1901 [synonym], Eporeodon socialis Marsh 1884 [synonym], Eucrotaphus dickinsonensis Douglass 1907 [synonym], Eucrotaphus helenae Douglass 1902 [synonym], Genetochoerus (Osbornohyus) geygani Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Genetochoerus (Osbornohyus) norbeckensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Merycoidodon (Anomerycoidodon) dani Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Merycoidodon (Blickohyus) galushai Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Paramerycoidodon (Barbourochoerus) bacai Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
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Merycoidodon culbertsonii browni Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Merycoidodon culbertsonii osborni Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Invalid names: Cotylops speciosa Leidy 1851 [synonym], Merycoidodon lewisi Clark and Beerbower 1967 [synonym], Merycoidodon periculorum Cope 1884 [synonym], Oreodon macrorhinus Douglass 1903 [synonym], Oreodon priscum Leidy 1851 [synonym], Oreodon robustum Douglass 1902 [synonym], Otionohyus vanderpooli Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Otionohyus wardi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Paramerycoidodon georgei Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Prodesmatochoerus meekae Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
Merycoidodon major Leidy 1853
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Invalid names: Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) anthonyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Genetochoerus (Osbornohyus) chamberlaini Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Merycoidodon (Blickohyus) lynchi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Merycoidodon lambi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Merycoidodon lynchi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Oreodon hybridus Leidy 1869 [synonym], Otionohyus (Otarohyus) alexi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Paramerycoidodon (Gregoryochoerus) wanlessi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Promesoreodon scanloni Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym], Subdesmatochoerus shannonensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
Merycoidodon minor Cope 1888
Merycoidodon presidioensis Stevens and Stevens 1996
Invalid names: Blickohyus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Cotylops Leidy 1851 [synonym], Eporeodon major cedrensis Matthew 1901 [synonym], Genetochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Oreodon Leidy 1851 [synonym], Otionohyus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Paramerycoidodon Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Prodesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Promesoreodon Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym], Subdesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
G. †Mesoreodon Scott 1893
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Mesoreodon chelonyx Scott 1893
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Invalid names: Eporeodon meagherensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Eucrotaphus montanus Douglass 1907 [synonym], Mesoreodon danai Koerner 1940 [synonym], Mesoreodon intermedius Scott 1893 [synonym], Mesoreodon laticeps Loomis 1924 [synonym]
Mesoreodon floridensis MacFadden and Morgan 2003
Mesoreodon minor Douglass 1903
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Invalid names: Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) grangeri Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) monroecreekensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) sanfordi Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) wyomingensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Desmatochoerus macrosynaphus Riel 1964 [synonym], Eporeodon cheeki Schlaikjer 1934 [synonym], Mesoreodon scotti Schlaikjer 1934 [synonym], Pseudodesmatochoerus wascoensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eucrotaphus Leidy 1850 [nomen vanum]
Subfm. †Miniochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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G. †Miniochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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Miniochoerus affinis Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Merycoidodon platycephalus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Miniochoerus battlecreekensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Oreodon coloradoensis Matthew 1909 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus sternbergi Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
Miniochoerus chadronensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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Invalid names: Parastenopsochoerus conversensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus (Pseudostenopsochoerus) douglasensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus reideri Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
Miniochoerus forsythae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Invalid names: Prodesmatochoerus natronensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
Miniochoerus gracilis Leidy 1851
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Invalid names: Oreodon minor Cope 1888 [synonym]
Miniochoerus starkensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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Invalid names: Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) helprini Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) ottensi Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus cheyennensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus helprini Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus nicholsae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus hatcreekensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus heartensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus berardae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus joderensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
Invalid names: Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [invalid subgroup], Otionohyus wardi degrooti Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Parastenopsochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus (Pseudostenopsochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [invalid subgroup]
Subfm. †Oreonetinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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G. †Bathygenys Douglass 1902
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Bathygenys alpha Douglass 1902
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Bathygenys alpha hedlundae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Invalid names: Megabathygenys goorisi Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Bathygenys hedlundae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Invalid names: Parabathygenys paralpha Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
Bathygenys reevesi Wilson 1971
Invalid names: Megabathygenys Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Parabathygenys Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
G. †Oreonetes Loomis 1924
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Oreonetes anceps Douglass 1902
Oreonetes douglassi Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
Subfm. †Promerycochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1949
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G. †Desmatochoerus Thorpe 1921
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Subg. †Desmatochoerus (Paradesmatochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1954
Desmatochoerus curvidens Thorpe 1921
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Invalid names: Desmatochoerus hatcheri geringensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Desmatochoerus hatcheri niobrarensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Promerycochoerus grinnelli Koerner 1940 [synonym]
Desmatochoerus hatcheri Douglass 1907
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Invalid names: Promerycochoerus erythroceps Stock 1932 [synonym], Promerycochoerus hesperus Stock 1930 [synonym], Promerycochoerus thorpei Koerner 1940 [synonym]
Desmatochoerus megalodon Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Merycoides giganteus Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym], Mesoreodon megalodon sweeti Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [invalid subgroup], Mesoreodon wheeleri Koerner 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypselochoerus Loomis 1933 [synonym]
G. †Megoreodon Schultz and Falkenbach 1954
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Megoreodon grandis Douglass 1907
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Invalid names: Megoreodon fricki Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym], Promerycochoerus hollandi Douglass 1907 [synonym], Promerycochoerus loomisi Schlaikjer 1934 [synonym], Promerycochoerus lulli Thorpe 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Superdesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
G. †Promerycochoerus Douglass 1901
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Subg. †Promerycochoerus (Parapromerycochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1949
Subg. †Promerycochoerus (Pseudopromerycochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1949
Promerycochoerus carrikeri Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Promerycochoerus (Parapromerycochoerus) barbouri Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym], Promerycochoerus gregoryi Loomis 1924 [synonym], Promerycochoerus thomsoni Loomis 1924 [synonym], Promerycochoerus vantasselensis Peterson 1907 [synonym]
Promerycochoerus leidyi Bettany 1876
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Invalid names: Merycochoerus macrostegus Cope 1884 [synonym], Merycochoerus montanus Cope 1884 [synonym], Merycochoerus temporalis Bettany 1876 [synonym], Promerycochoerus (Pseudopromerycochoerus) montanus pinensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1949 [synonym], Promerycochoerus inflatus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Promerycochoerus latidens Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Promerycochoerus microcephalus Thorpe 1921 [synonym]
G. †Pseudodesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1954
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Pseudodesmatochoerus hoffmani Schultz and Falkenbach 1954
Pseudodesmatochoerus milleri Schultz and Falkenbach 1954
Invalid names: Desmatochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ticholeptinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
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G. †Paroreodon Thorpe 1921
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Paroreodon parvus Thorpe 1921
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Invalid names: Oreodontoides (Paroreodon) stocki Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [synonym], Oreodontoides stocki Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 [synonym], Paroreodon marshi Thorpe 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Epigenetochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym]
G. †Phenacocoelus Peterson 1907
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Phenacocoelus kayi Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
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Invalid names: Hypsiops luskensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [synonym]
Phenacocoelus typus Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Phenacocoelus munroensis Peterson 1928 [synonym]
G. †Ticholeptus Cope 1878
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Ticholeptus bluei Schultz and Falkenbach 1947
Ticholeptus calimontanus Dougherty 1940
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Invalid names: Ticholeptus tooheyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Merychyus smithi Douglass 1903 [synonym], Merycochoerus obliquidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Poatrephes paludicola Douglass 1903 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus Loomis 1924 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus leadorensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Ticholeptus rileyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym], Ustatochoerus schrammi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
Invalid names: Poatrephes Douglass 1903 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ustatochoerinae Stevens and Stevens 1996
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G. †Mediochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
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Mediochoerus blicki Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
Mediochoerus johnsoni Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
Mediochoerus mohavensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
G. †Ustatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
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Ustatochoerus leptoscelos Stevens et al. 1969
Ustatochoerus major Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Merychyus (Metoreodon) profectus Matthew and Cook 1909 [synonym], Merychyus major major Leidy 1859 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus major texanus Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus espanolensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus nevadaensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus studeri Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus skinneri Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
Ustatochoerus medius Leidy 1858
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Ustatochoerus medius mohavensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
Invalid names: Merycochoerus coenopus Scott 1890 [synonym], Merycochoerus compressidens Douglass 1901 [synonym]
Ustatochoerus tedfordi Stevens et al. 2023
Invalid names: Merychyus medius novomexicanus Frick 1929 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus californicus raki Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus skinneri santacruzensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Merychyus pariogonus Cope 1884 [nomen dubium], Oreodontidae Leidy 1869 [synonym], Phenacocoelinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
M. S. Stevens and J. B. Stevens 1996Oreodonts are suiform, selenodont artiodactyls that differ from most Agriocho- eridae by lack of a divided P4para-metacone, usual absence of molar labial ribs, the posterior arm of the protoselene usually directed medially and deeply into the median valley between the protocone and hypocone, usual absence of protoconules, and a usually closed postorbital. The Merycoidodontidae usually lack diastema (except those to receive the caniform teeth), have a full dental series of 13/3, Cl/1, P4/4, and M3/3, an incisiform lower canine, caniform Pt, and molars with W-shaped ectolophs.
Oreodont crania primitively have rather steep premaxillae, usually short Subnasal L. and a strongly convex nasal profile, but the profile becomes progres- sively straighter or more concave, and the Subnasal L. increases in some genera as the nasal notch migrates posteriorly. One genus firmly coalesces the rostrum ventral to the nasal aperture which causes the external nares to migrate posteriorly , and three genera greatly shorten the length of the nasal bones. Oreodont skulls are usually mesocephalic but certain groups become more brachycephalic, and one group becomes quite dolichocephalic. The orbits are situated in the mid- cranial region, and are primitively located relatively low on the sides of the face. Facial vacuities are absent in primitive species but are characteristic of numerous derived genera. The zygoma are usually unspecialized but become massively upturned in several taxa. The nuchal crest is primitively narrow and protracted strongly posteriorly, but the crest becomes less protracted and considerably expanded laterally in some specialized forms and a sagittal table may develop. Some genera progressively either develop or reduce the depth of the preorbital fossae, and auditory bullae vary from small to notably enlarged. Oreodont lower jaws consistently have a greatly enlarged, rounded angular region that is not much expanded below the ventral border of the horizontal ramus.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:37:21
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:37:21
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Lander 1998, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Duchesnean to the top of the Tortonian or 40.40000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (900 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bartonian - Rupelian41.3 - 28.1Mexico (Oaxaca) Merycoidodon sp., Oreodontoides sp. (166797)
Duchesnean40.4 - 37.2USA (Texas) Aclistomycter middletoni (16819 16820 16821 16849)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Merycoidodon culbertsoni (16929 17018) Merycoidodon culbertsonii (16895 17037) Merycoidodon sp. (16917 16930 16940 17014) Miniochoerus gracilis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni, Otionohyus wardi (16918) Otionohyus vanderpooli (17035) Stenopsochoerus douglasensis (17040)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Texas) Bathygenys reevesi, Limnenetes platyceps (16888) Bathygenys reevesi, Merycoidodon dunagani (17016) Bathygenys sp. (16934) Limnenetes platyceps (16890) Merycoidodon dunagani (16931) Merycoidodontidae indet. (16894) Prodesmatochoerus meekae (16889)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Merycoidodon lewisi (17006) Merycoidodon sp., Miniochoerus forsythae (16885) Otionohyus wardi (16967)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Montana) Limnenetes anceps, Limnenetes platyceps (17028) Merycoidodon culbertsoni (17041) Merycoidodon sp. (16914 16915) Merycoidodontidae indet., Bathygenys alpha (16959 16988 17010) Merycoidodontidae indet., Bathygenys alpha, Oreonetes anceps, Limnenetes sp. (16990) Oreonetes anceps (16909)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Bathygenys alpha, Merycoidodon forsythae, Bathygenys alpha (16962) Bathygenys alpha, Merycoidodon gracilis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni (16920) Bathygenys sp. (16966) Bathygenys sp., Merycoidodon forsythae (16965) Bathygenys sp., Merycoidodon lewisi (16960) Bathygenys sp., Merycoidodon sp. (16961) Megabathygenys goorisi (16987) Merycoidodon culbertsoni (16902 16908 16998) Merycoidodon forsythae (16952) Merycoidodon forsythae, Bathygenys alpha (16963) Merycoidodon forsythae, Megabathygenys goorisi, Bathygenys alpha (16964) Merycoidodon sp. (16903 16911) Merycoidodon sp., Bathygenys alpha (17045) Miniochoerus chadronensis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni, Otionohyus wardi (16942) Miniochoerus chadronensis, Parastenopsochoerus conversensis, Stenopsochoerus douglasensis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni (16943) Miniochoerus forsythae (16980) Otionohyus wardi (16974) Stenopsochoerus chadronensis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni (17024)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Mexico (Chihuahua) Merycoidodon sp., Bathygenys alpha, Aclistomycter middletoni (17015)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Genetochoerus periculorum, Merycoidodon gracilis, Merycoidodon culbertsoni (16977) Merycoidodon sp. (16968)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Bathygenys sp., Merycoidodon macrorhinus (16919) Merycoidodon sp. (16979) Oreodontidae indet. (101961)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (California) Merycochoerus californicus (189022) Merycoidodontidae indet. (19180 19496) Ustatochoerus californicus (19322 19323 19384 19417 19517) Ustatochoerus major (19185) Ustatochoerus profectus (19383 19391)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Texas) Metoreodon sp. (207452) Ustatochoerus major, Ustatochoerus profectus (18096) Ustatochoerus medius, Metoreodon sp. (18623) Ustatochoerus profectus (18104 18244 18355) Ustatochoerus sp. (18149) Ustatochoerus sp., Oreodontidae indet. (18645)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Kansas) Ustatochoerus sp. (18186 18219)
Late/Upper Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (New Mexico) Merychyus major (157331)
Late/Upper Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Nebraska) Ustatochoerus major (18066) Ustatochoerus medius (18207)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Merychyus major (18295) Ustatochoerus major (18180) Ustatochoerus profectus (18069 18134)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (Wyoming) Ustatochoerus medius (18424)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Ustatochoerus californicus (19466) Ustatochoerus major (52210)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Wyoming) Brachycrus sp. (19043) Ustatochoerus sp. (19044)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Ustatochoerus major (18033 18499)