Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Platecarpus
Taxonomy
Platecarpus was named by Cope (1869) [Sepkoski's age data: K Sant K Camp-u Sepkoski's reference number: 1069]. Its type is Platecarpus tympaniticus. It is the type genus of Platecarpinae. It was considered monophyletic by Konishi et al. (2012).
It was assigned to Platecarpinae by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); to Plioplatecarpini by Russell (1967) and Thurmond (1969); to Mosasauridae by Cope (1869), Cope (1870), McDowell and Bogert (1954), Carroll (1988) and Novas et al. (2002); to Squamata by Sepkoski (2002); to Russellosaurina by Bell and Polcyn (2005); to Plioplatecarpidae by Russell (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bardet et al. (2005), Konishi et al. (2010) and Konishi et al. (2012); to Plioplatecarpini by Longrich et al. (2024); and to Plioplatecarpinae by Bell et al. (2013), Hornung et al. (2018), Driscoll et al. (2019) and Plasse et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Platecarpinae by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); to Plioplatecarpini by Russell (1967) and Thurmond (1969); to Mosasauridae by Cope (1869), Cope (1870), McDowell and Bogert (1954), Carroll (1988) and Novas et al. (2002); to Squamata by Sepkoski (2002); to Russellosaurina by Bell and Polcyn (2005); to Plioplatecarpidae by Russell (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bardet et al. (2005), Konishi et al. (2010) and Konishi et al. (2012); to Plioplatecarpini by Longrich et al. (2024); and to Plioplatecarpinae by Bell et al. (2013), Hornung et al. (2018), Driscoll et al. (2019) and Plasse et al. (2024).
Species
Holcodus acutidens, Lestosaurus glandiferus, Lestosaurus latispinus, Lestosaurus tectulus, P. affinis, P. anguliferus, P. brachycephalus, P. crassartus, P. curtirostris, P. glandiferus, P. latispinus, P. planifrons, P. tectulus, P. tympaniticus (syn. Liodon mudgei, Lestosaurus gracilis, Lestosaurus simus, Liodon ictericus, Lestosaurus latifrons, Holcodus coryphaeus, Holosaurus abruptus, Lestosaurus felix) (type species), Sironectes anguliferus
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1851 | Holcodus Gibbes p. 9 |
1851 | Holcodus acutidens Gibbes p. 9 |
1869 | Platecarpus Cope p. 260 |
1870 | Platecarpus Cope p. 199 |
1871 | Platecarpus latispinus Cope |
1872 | Lestosaurus Marsh |
1873 | Platecarpus affinis Leidy |
1873 | Lestosaurus Leidy p. 344 |
1874 | Platecarpus anguliferus Cope |
1874 | Sironectes Cope p. 34 |
1875 | Mosasaurus acutidens Cope p. 270 |
1880 | Holosaurus Marsh p. 87 |
1902 | Sironectes Hay p. 468 |
1902 | Holcodus Hay p. 469 |
1902 | Holcodus acutidens Hay p. 469 |
1902 | Lestosaurus Hay p. 469 |
1902 | Platecarpus Hay p. 469 |
1902 | Holosaurus Hay p. 471 |
1915 | Platecarpus brachycephalus Loomis pp. 556-557 |
1930 | Platecarpus Hay p. 259 |
1930 | Platecarpus brachycephalus Hay p. 260 |
1930 | Platecarpus latispinus Hay p. 260 |
1930 | Holcodus Hay p. 261 |
1930 | Holcodus acutidens Hay p. 261 |
1930 | Holosaurus Hay p. 261 |
1930 | Sironectes Hay p. 264 |
1954 | Holcodus McDowell and Bogert p. 132 |
1954 | Holosaurus McDowell and Bogert p. 132 |
1954 | Platecarpus McDowell and Bogert p. 132 |
1954 | Sironectes McDowell and Bogert p. 132 |
1967 | Platecarpus Russell p. 148 |
1969 | Platecarpus Thurmond p. 72 |
1970 | Platecarpus Russell p. 373 |
1981 | Platecarpus Thurmond and Jones p. 158 |
1988 | Platecarpus Carroll |
2002 | Platecarpus Novas et al. |
2002 | Holocodus Sepkoski |
2002 | Platecarpus Sepkoski |
2005 | Platecarpus Bardet et al. |
2005 | Platecarpus Bell and Polcyn p. 189 |
2010 | Platecarpus Konishi et al. |
2012 | Platecarpus Konishi et al. |
2013 | Platecarpus Bell Jr. et al. p. 576 |
2018 | Platecarpus Hornung et al. p. 551 |
2019 | Platecarpus Driscoll et al. |
2024 | Platecarpus Longrich et al. |
2024 | Platecarpus Plasse et al. p. 4 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Platecarpus Cope 1869
show all | hide all
†Platecarpus crassartus Cope 1871
†Platecarpus curtirostris Cope 1871
†Platecarpus planifrons Cope 1874
†Platecarpus tympaniticus Cope 1869
hide
Invalid names: Holcodus coryphaeus Cope 1871 [synonym], Lestosaurus felix Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus gracilis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus latifrons Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus simus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Liodon ictericus Cope 1870 [synonym], Liodon mudgei Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Holcodus Gibbes 1851 [synonym], Holosaurus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Lestosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Platecarpus affinis Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus anguliferus Cope 1874 [nomen vanum], Platecarpus brachycephalus Loomis 1915 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus glandiferus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus latispinus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus tectulus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Sironectes Cope 1874 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
E. D. Cope 1869 | "Dorsal vertebrae more or less depressed; the articular faces transversely ovate;" "the pterygoid teeth pleurodont." | |
T. Konishi et al. 2010 | Size moderate, mandible seldom reaching 0.7 m in length; small, acute predental rostrum on premaxilla may be present; premaxillo-maxillary suture posteriorly ascending in straight line; posterior termination of the suture between second and third maxillary tooth; 12 maxillary teeth; prefrontal forming posterior one-third of lateral border of external naris; incipient supraorbital process on prefrontal; lateral margin of frontal gently curved in preorbital region; lateral borders of frontal converging anterior to orbits; ventrolateral processes of frontal running parallel with each other; frontal forming median notch to receive anterior portion of parietal table; parietal foramen ovoid; lateral margins of parietal table forming parietal crest anterior to divergence of suspensorial rami; parietal postorbital process short, not reaching anterolateral corner of upper temporal fenestra; same process not forming dorsal plateau posteriorly adjacent to frontal ala; 10 or more pterygoid teeth; ectopterygoid process projecting anterolaterally from dentigerous body of pterygoid; posteroventral jugal process acutely pointing posteriorly; suprastapedial process of quadrate elongate, more than two-thirds total quadrate height; supra- and infrastapedial process unfused; quadrate ala projecting laterally nearly perpendicular to long axis of suprastapedial process in dorsal aspect; quadrate alar surface relatively planar; large, vertically elongate stapedial pit; elongate, parallel-sided stapedial notch; mandibular condyle gently convex, transversely wide; predental projection on dentary absent; 12 teeth in dentary; no extensive edentulous portion posterior to last dentary tooth on dentary; surangular constantly diverging anteriorly, dorsal and ventral borders straight; articular portion of glenoid fossa larger than surangular portion; retroarticular process short, bearing large foramina on ventral surface; marginal teeth posteromedially recurved, possessing anterior and posterior carinae, and lingual striations and labial facets; basal cross-section of these teeth subcircular; cervical intervertebral joint strongly curved; zygosphenes and zygantra rudimentary; scapular blade anteroventral border forming obtuse angle with long axis of scapular neck; more than half the length of scapular blade posteroventral border anteriorly embayed; coracoid fan-shaped, may be notched; humerus length only slightly exceeding distal width; four or five carpals; phalanges elongate. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Gervais 1852 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Turonian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 93.50000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (54 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | Liodon ictericus (199538) | |
Cenomanian - Turonian | Australia (Western Australia) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (110535) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Texas) | P. sp. (106192) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Egypt | Platecarpus indet. (140710) | |
Turonian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. abruptus (107339) P. ictericus (38720) P. sp. (38721) | |
Late/Upper Turonian | Brazil | P. sp. (142100) | |
Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Liodon mudgei (199541) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Texas) | P. coryphaeus (106188) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian | Brazil | P. sp. (126912) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian | USA (Kansas) | P. coryphaeus, P. ictericus (118152) P. sp. (212963) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Texas) | P. planifrons (151422) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Clidastes planifrons (123571) P. ictericus (215772) P. planifrons (123572 123574) | |
Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. planifrons (99385) | |
Santonian | USA (North Dakota) | P. sp. (107427) | |
Santonian | Australia (Western Australia) | P. sp. (142716) | |
Santonian - Maastrichtian | USA (Alabama) | P. sp. (107503) | |
Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Arkansas) | P. sp. (107639) | |
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian | USA (New Mexico) | P. sp. (52037) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. tympaniticus (118338) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | France (Aude) | P. sp. (233200) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Mississippi) | P. tympaniticus (98972) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | P. sp. (81972) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian | USA (Georgia) | P. sp. (35289) | |
Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | P. sp. (36746 36749) | |
Campanian | USA (Kansas) | P. sp. (107677) | |
Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | P. brachycephalus (105717) P. ictericus (107672 107675) | |
Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | P. ictericus (107674 109761) P. sp. (107642 107678 107679) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skåne) | P. sp. (74334) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | P. ictericus (106328) P. sp. (106437) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | P. sp. (106277) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | P. somenensis (102883) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | P. sp. (57918) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | P. sp. (107676) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | P. sp. (59385) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | P. sp. (31993) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | P. sp. (107641) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | P. sp. (99710) | |
Maastrichtian | Niger (Tahoua) | P. sp. (104945) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Jordan | P. sp. (170239) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Spain (Burgos) | P. ictericus (176782) |