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Thunnosauria

Reptilia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Thunnosauria Motani p. 484
2000Thunnosauria Maisch and Matzke p. 98
2010Thunnosauria Maisch
2013Thunnosauria Fischer et al.
2015Thunnosauria Pérez et al. p. 124
2016Thunnosauria Fischer p. 8
2016Thunnosauria Ji et al. p. 12
2017Thunnosauria Delsett et al.
2017Thunnosauria Moon
2019Thunnosauria Moon p. 148
2020Thunnosauria Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega
2020Thunnosauria Campos et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Ichthyosauromorpha
—Ichthyosauriformes
—Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
—Eoichthyosauria
—Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
—Thunnosauria
—Thunnosauria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Thunnosauria Motani 1999
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Fm. †Ichthyosauridae Bonaparte 1841
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G. †Ichthyosaurus Koenig 1818
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus crassimanus Tate and Blake 1876 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus longifrons Owen 1881 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus longipennis Mantell 1851 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus microdon Wagner 1851 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus zetlandicus Seeley 1880 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus anningae Lomax and Massare 2015
†Ichthyosaurus communis Conybeare 1821
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus fortimanus Owen 1884 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare 1822 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus latimanus Owen 1840 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus polyostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus conybeari Lydekker 1888
†Ichthyosaurus extremus Boulenger 1904
†Ichthyosaurus larkini Lomax and Massare 2017
†Ichthyosaurus longipes von Wurstemberger 1876
†Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax and Massare 2017
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus paramecostinus Hawkins 1840 [replaced]
†Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chirostrongulostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus grandipes Sharpe 1830 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus trigonodon Theodori 1843
†Ichthyosaurus triscissus Quenstedt 1856
Invalid names: Eurypterygius Jaekel 1904 [synonym], Gryphus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus aduncus Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus advena Phillips 1871 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus aequalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus amalthei Quenstedt 1856 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus angustidens Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus arietis Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bambergensis Bauer 1901 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus biscissus Wurstemberger 1876 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bodenbenderi Dames 1893 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bonneyi Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus brachyspondylus Owen 1881 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus californicus Camp 1942 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus ceramensis Martin 1888 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus chalarodeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus coniformis Harlan 1824 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus crassicostatus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus cuvieri Valenciennes 1861 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus dilatatus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus franciscanus Camp 1942 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus giganteus Leach 1840 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus hectori Lydekker 1889 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus hexagonus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus hildesiensis Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus hygrodeirus Seeley 1969 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus immanis Phillipi 1895 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus indicus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus kokeni Broili 1908 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus lacunosae Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus latifrons Konig 1825 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus leucopetraeus Burmeister and Giebel 1862 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus nasimowii Fahrenkohl 1856 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus normanniae Valenciennes 1861 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus numismalis Fraas 1892 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus ovalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus planartus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus platymerus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus posthumus Wagner 1851 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus psilonoti Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus quenstedti Zittel 1890 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus saladensis Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus sanjuanensis Rusconi 1949 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus sinuatus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus steleodon Bogolubow 1909 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus thyreospondylus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus torrei Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus torulosi Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus trigonus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus walkeri Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus zollerianus Quenstedt 1858 [nomen dubium], Protoichthyosaurus prosostealis Appleby 1979 [nomen dubium], Tibetosaurus Dong 1982 [nomen dubium], Tibetosaurus tingjiensis Young et al. 1982 [nomen dubium]
G. †Protoichthyosaurus Appleby 1979
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†Protoichthyosaurus applebyi Lomax et al. 2017
G. †Malawania Fischer et al. 2013
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†Malawania anachronus Fischer et al. 2013
G. †Stenopterygius Jaekel 1904
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†Stenopterygius aaleniensis Maxwell et al. 2012
†Stenopterygius cayi Fernandez 1994
†Stenopterygius cuneiceps McGowan 1979
†Stenopterygius longipes von Wurstemberger 1876
†Stenopterygius megacephalus von Huene 1922
†Stenopterygius megalorhinus von Huene 1922
†Stenopterygius quadriscissus Quenstedt 1858
†Stenopterygius triscissus Quenstedt 1856
†Stenopterygius uniter von Wurstemberger 1876
Invalid names: Stenopterygius banzensis Heune 1922 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius hauffianus von Huene 1922 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius promegacelaphus Maisch 2008 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Stenopterygiidae Kühn 1934 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. Ji et al. 2016Quadratojugal small, largely covered by squamo- sal and postorbital; humerus anterior flange absent; radiale ante- rior margin not notched; manual pisiform present; forefin at least twice as long as hind fin.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2009-07-20 06:07:40
Modified: 2010-02-23 00:20:57
Source: o = order
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Spathian to the top of the Late/Upper Albian or 251.30000 to 99.60000 Ma

Collections (107 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Spathian251.3 - 247.2USA (Nevada) Ichthyosauridae indet. (211747)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Chile Ichthyosaurus sp. (29509)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Nevada) Ichthyosaurus sp. (100391 100403)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56USA (Nevada) Ichthyosaurus sp. (100412)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Ichthyosaurus sp. (90876)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Ichthyosaurus rhaeticus (91635) Ichthyosaurus sp. (131422)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Belgium (Gaume) Ichthyosaurus sp. (139198 139202)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus sp. (96616 96617 122362)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Burgundy) Ichthyosaurus costatus (144759)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) Ichthyosaurus sp. (31773 31774)
Rhaetian - Hettangian208.5 - 199.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus intermedius (96608 96611) Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris (96609) Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (96606 96607)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus (153787) Ichthyosaurus chirostrongulostinus (153786)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7United Kingdom (Somerset) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus latimanus (198904)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus (153783) Ichthyosaurus conununis (105080) Ichthyosaurus sp., Ichthyosaurus communis (142744) Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris, Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (149321)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chirostrongulostinus, Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus, Ichthyosaurus larkini (110213) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius, Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis, Protoichthyosaurus prosostealis, Ichthyosaurus larkini, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis (119083) Ichthyosaurus sp. (113956)
Hettangian - Pliensbachian201.3 - 182.7United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chirostrongulostinus (153784) Ichthyosaurus comminis, Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis (98151) Ichthyosaurus communis (98150)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Canada (Alberta) Ichthyosauridae indet. (106321)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Canada (British Columbia) Ichthyosaurus sp. (4884)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Switzerland (Aargau) Ichthyosaurus communis (142834)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom Ichthyosaurus breviceps (139854)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus communis (227266) Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris, Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (140334)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (Scotland) Ichthyosaurus communis (165070)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Belgium Ichthyosaurus communis (176443)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Belgium (Luxembourg) Ichthyosaurus communis (188429)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus intermedius (227267)
Semicostatum196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus breviceps, Ichthyosaurus conybeari (42202)
Pliensbachian - Cenomanian190.8 - 93.9USA (California) Ichthyosaurus californicus (185384) Ichthyosaurus franciscanus (102282)
Davoei189.6 - 183.0United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus sp. (130760)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus anningae (176440) Ichthyosaurus communis (139701)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Stenopterygius eos, Stenopterygius intercedens, Stenopterygius incessus, Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius quadriscissus (91588) Stenopterygius eos, Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius megacephalus (91671) Stenopterygius incessus, Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius hauffianus, Stenopterygius megacephalus, Stenopterygius megalorhinus, Stenopterygius macrophasma (91589) Stenopterygius megalorhinus (91587) Stenopterygius promegacephalus, Stenopterygius quadriscissus, Stenopterygius hauffianus, Stenopterygius megacephalus, Stenopterygius cuneiceps, Stenopterygius triscissus (91595)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0United Kingdom (England) Leptopterygius acutirostris (90448 90458 90461)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0France (Lorraine) Ichthyosauridae indet. (68316)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0France Ichthyosaurus longifrons (122732) Stenopterygius longifrons (122731)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Stenopterygius quadriscissus (90433)
Falciferum183.0 - 182.0Germany Stenopterygius hauffianus, Stenopterygius megacephalus, Stenopterygius longifrons, Ichthyosaurus longipes (139781) Stenopterygius quadriscissus, Stenopterygius cuneiceps (139771) Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius hauffianus, Stenopterygius megalorhinus, Stenopterygius cuneiceps, Stenopterygius longifrons, Stenopterygius uniter (139774)
Falciferum183.0 - 182.0United Kingdom (England) Stenopterygius triscissus (132646)
Tenuicostatum183.0 - 182.0Germany Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius megalorhinus (139772)
Falciferum - Bifrons183.0 - 175.6United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus acutirostris, Leptopterygius acutirostris (90459)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Germany Stenopterygius hauffianus (144441) Stenopterygius megalorhinus (144440) Stenopterygius quadriscissus (138749)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1United Kingdom (England) Stenopterygius hauffianus (102274)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Greenland Ichthyosaurus sp. (162090)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Luxembourg Stenopterygius hauffianus (91444)
Middle Toarcian182.0 - 175.6France (Rhone) Stenopterygiidae indet. (133652)
Thouarsense180.1 - 175.6Luxembourg Stenopterygius sp. (141389)
Early/Lower Aalenian175.6 - 171.6Germany (Baden-Wuürttemberg) Stenopterygius sp., Stenopterygius hauffianus, Stenopterygius aaleniensis (132114)
Early/Lower Aalenian175.6 - 171.6Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Stenopterygius sp. (132115)
Aalenian174.1 - 170.3Chile (Antofagasta) Ichthyosaurus sp. (172177)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Chile (Huasco) Ichthyosaurus sp. (223385)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus dilatatus (100518)
Early/Lower Callovian164.7 - 161.2Chile (Antofagasta) Ichthyosaurus quenstedti (170680) Ichthyosaurus sp. (172173)
Late/Upper Callovian164.7 - 161.2France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Ichthyosaurus sp. (144756)
Late/Upper Callovian164.7 - 161.2Chile (Antofagasta) Ichthyosaurus sp. (172174)
Late/Upper Callovian164.7 - 161.2United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus dilatatus (92052)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3Chile (Antofagasta) Ichthyosaurus sp. (172175)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus dilatatus (100669)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0Switzerland (Baselland) Ichthyosaurus sp. (48614)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0Argentina (Mendoza) Ichthyosauria indet. (137145)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Chile (Antofagasta) Ichthyosaurus sp. (172176)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1France (Poitou-Charentes) Ichthyosaurus sp. (70550)
Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Mexico (Coahuila) Ichthyosaurus sp. (144332)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8France (Aquitaine) Ichthyosaurus sp. (94532)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus enthekiodon (119504) Ichthyosaurus sp. (70996)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Ichthyosaurus entheciodon, Ichthyosaurus thyreospondylus (48880) Ichthyosaurus thyreospondylus (48879 65030) Ichthyosaurus trigonus (53967)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Oregon) Ichthyosaurus californicus (102275)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus sp. (77058)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Germany Ichthyosaurus sp. (91586)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Barremian136.4 - 125.0Iraq (Kurdistan) Malawania anachronus (144710)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Russian Federation (Ulyanovsk Oblast) Ichthyosaurus steleodon (172585)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus sp. (58095)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (Norfolk) Ichthyosaurus angustidens (214384)