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Brissidina

Echinoidea - Spatangoida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2005Brissidina Stockley et al.
2010Brissidina Kroh and Smith p. 173

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
RankNameAuthor
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
suborderBrissidina
suborderBrissidina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
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Fm. Asterostomatidae Pictet 1857 [heart urchin]
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†Antillaster aibeari Kier 1984
†Antillaster arnoldi Clark 1927
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Invalid names: Antillaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Antillaster castroi Egozcue 1897
†Antillaster cubensis Conrad 1870
†Antillaster depressus Sanchez Roig 1951
†Antillaster elegans Jackson 1922
†Antillaster fernandezi Sanchez Roig 1952
+
Invalid names: Antillaster jaumei Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym]
†Antillaster flexuosus Lambert 1924
†Antillaster lamberti Jeannet 1928
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Invalid names: Pseudoasterostoma habanensis Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Antillaster sanchezi Lambert 1924
†Antillaster vaughani Jackson 1922
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Invalid names: Antillaster expansus Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Antillaster guevarai Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym], Antillaster herrerae Sanchez Roig 1951 [synonym]
Invalid names: Antillaster cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Antillaster estenozi Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Antillaster giganteus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium]
G. Argopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
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†Asterostoma pawsoni Kier 1984
†Asterostoma subcircularis Sanchez Roig 1952
G. †Brissolampas Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
G. †Brissomorpha Laube 1871 [heart urchin]
G. †Cleistechinus de Loriol 1882 [heart urchin]
G. Delopatagus Koehler 1907 [heart urchin]
G. Elipneustes Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Genicopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
G. Heterobrissus Manzoni and Mazzetti 1877 [heart]
G. Linopneustes Agassiz 1881 [heart urchin]
G. †Megapetalus Clark 1929 [heart urchin]
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G. †Moronaster Sanchez Riog 1952 [heart urchin]
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†Moronaster moronensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Moronaster santanae Sanchez Roig 1952
G. Palaeobrissus Agassiz 1883 [heart urchin]
G. Paleotrema Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Peripatagus Koehler 1895 [heart urchin]
G. Platybrissus Grube 1865 [heart urchin]
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Subg. Platybrissus (Eurypatagus) Mortensen 1948
Subg. Platybrissus (Platybrissus) Grube 1865 [heart urchin]
Invalid names: Platybryssus Meissner 1903 [objective synonym]
G. Plesiozonus de Meijere 1902 [heart urchin]
G. †Prosostoma Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
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†Prosostoma jimenoi Cotteau 1870
G. Pycnolampas Agassiz and Clark 1907 [heart urchin]
G. †Pygospatangus Cotteau 1888 [heart urchin]
Fm. Brissidae Gray 1855
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G. †Arcaechinus Kier 1957
G. †Brissopatagus Cotteau 1863
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†Brissopatagus rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953
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Invalid names: Eupatagus (Brissopatagus) georgianus Cooke 1942 [synonym]
G. Brissopsis Agassiz 1840
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†Brissopsis aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Brissopsis atlantica Moretensen 1907
†Brissopsis balnpiedi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Brissopsis columbaris Agassiz 1840
Brissopsis elegans Agassiz 1840
†Brissopsis hectori Hutton 1873
†Brissopsis jimenoi Cotteau 1875
†Brissopsis luzonica Gray 1851
Brissopsis lyrifer Forbes 1841
†Brissopsis pacifica Agassiz 1898
G. Brissus Gray 1825
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†Brissus cabrerai Sanchez Roig 1953
†Brissus camagueyensis Weisbord 1934
†Brissus caobaense Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Brissus durhami Sanchez Roig 1952
†Brissus eximius Zittel 1864
†Brissus expansus Forbes 1846
†Brissus fragilis Düben and Koyen 1844
†Brissus glenni Cooke 1959
†Brissus inaequalis Forbes 1846
†Brissus kewi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Brissus latecarinatus Leske 1778
†Brissus minutus Sanchez Roig 1949
†Brissus rana Forbes 1846
†Brissus sagrae Lambert 1924
†Brissus spatiosus Ravenel 1848
†Brissus unicolor Leske 1778
G. Cyclaster Cotteau 1856
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†Cyclaster aturicus Seunes 1888
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Invalid names: Brissopneustes vindobonensis Kuehn 1930 [synonym]
†Cyclaster danicus Schlüter 1897
†Cyclaster drewryensis Cooke 1942
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Invalid names: Cyclaster brodermani Sanchez roig 1949 [synonym], Palmeraster palmeri Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Cyclaster galei Jeffery 1997
†Cyclaster jacksoni Lambert 1924
†Cyclaster posita Hutton 1873
†Cyclaster sanchezi Lambert 1922
Invalid names: Palmeraster Sánchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
G. Eupatagus Agassiz 1847
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Subg. †Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus) Doderlein 1900
†Eupatagus alatus Clark 1927
†Eupatagus anomala Duncan 1877
†Eupatagus antillarum Cotteau 1875
†Eupatagus attenuatus Clark 1927
†Eupatagus batequensis Squires and Demetrion 1992
†Eupatagus brodermanni Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus calistoides Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus carolinensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Eupatagus casanovai Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus estenozi Sanchez Roig 1921
†Eupatagus floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Eupatagus formosus Zittel 1867
†Eupatagus lawsonae Kier 1980
†Eupatagus martini Gerth 1922
†Eupatagus mexicanus Jackson 1937
†Eupatagus mojsvari Böhm 1882
†Eupatagus mooreanus Pilsbry 1914
†Eupatagus nicklesi Cotteau 1890
†Eupatagus ocalanus Cooke 1942
†Eupatagus pendulus Agassiz 1847
†Eupatagus pulchellus Herklots 1854
†Eupatagus rostratus d'Archiac 1850
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†Eupatagus rostratus zitteli Henderson 1975
Invalid names: Maretia affinis Herklots 1854 [synonym]
†Eupatagus roundus Duncan and Sladen 1884
†Eupatagus sanchezi Lambert 1949
†Eupatagus santanae Sanchez Roig 1951
†Eupatagus siboneyensis Weisbordf 1934
†Eupatagus stevensi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Eupatagus tuberosus Fraas 1867
†Eupatagus turibacoensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus wilsoni Kier 1980
Invalid names: Spatangomorpha Boehm 1882 [synonym]
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†Fernandezaster mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952
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Subg. †Gualtieria (Blaviaster) Lambert 1920
Subg. †Gualtieria (Gualtieria) Fischer 1966
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†Hernandezaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949
G. †Hysteraster McNamara 1992
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†Hysteraster paragrapsimus McNamara 1992
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†Lajanaster jacksoni Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926
Invalid names: Lajanaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Lajanaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. Macropneustes Agassiz 1847
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Subg. †Macropneustes (Deakia) Pavay 1875
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†Deakia armadilloensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
Subg. †Macropneustes (Macropneustes) Agassiz 1847
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†Macropneustes brodermani Sanchez Roig 1953
†Macropneustes gomezmazae Sanchez Roing 1953
†Macropneustes mortoni Conrad 1850
G. †Mariania
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†Mauritanaster cubensis Cotteau 1875
G. Meoma Gray 1851
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Subg. Meoma (Schizobrissus) Pomel 1869
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†Schizobrissus antillarum Cotteau 1875
†Schizobrissus clevei Cotteau 1875
Schizobrissus cruciatus Agassiz and Desor 1847
†Schizobrissus jacksoni Lambert 1926
†Schizobrissus kewi Durham 1961
Invalid names: Peripneustes Cotteau 1875 [synonym]
†Meoma antiqua Arnold and Clark 1927
†Meoma grandis Gray 1852
†Meoma tuberculata Hutton 1873
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Invalid names: Meoma decipiens Tate 1891 [synonym]
†Meoma ventricosa Lamarck 1816
G. Metalia Gray 1855
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†Metalia cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Metalia ravenelianus McCrady 1855
†Metalia spatagus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Pharaonaster (Pharaonaster) Fischer 1966
Subg. †Pharaonaster (Thebaster) Checchia-Rispoli 1941
G. Plagiobrissus Pomel 1883
+
+
Invalid names: Mortensenaster [synonym]
†Plagiobrissus loveni Cotteau 1875
†Plagiobrissus malavassii Durham 1961
†Plagiobrissus robustus Clark 1927
G. †Plesiopatagus Pomel 1883
G. †Rojasia
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Rojasia rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951
G. Taimanawa Henderson and Fell 1969
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†Taimanawa greyi Hutton 1873
†Taimanawa prisca Henderson 1975
†Taimanawa pulchella Henderson and Fell 1969
†Taimanawa rostrata Henderson 1975
G. †Trachypatagus Pomel 1869
Invalid names: Brissopsidae Lambert 1905 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Palaeotropidae Lambert 1896
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G. Palaeotropus Lovén 1872 [heart urchin]
Superfm. Spatangidea Fischer 1966
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Fm. Loveniidae Lambert 1905
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+
†Breynia carinata d'Archaic and Haime 1853
G. †Chuniola
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†Chuniola carolinae Gagel 1905
G. Echinocardium Gray 1825
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†Echinocardium deperessum Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Echinocardium orthonotum Conrad 1843
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Invalid names: Echinocardium ampliforus McCrady 1855 [synonym], Echinocardium gothicum Ravenel 1848 [synonym], Echinocardium virginianum Forbes 1845 [synonym]
G. †Hemipatagus Desor 1858
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†Hemipatagus argutus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemipatagus bandaensis Jeannet and Martin 1937
†Hemipatagus bundensis Ebert 1889
†Hemipatagus calvimontanus Cotteau 1885
†Hemipatagus cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Hemipatagus desmoulinsi Cotteau 1863
†Hemipatagus duncani Lambert 1924
†Hemipatagus gauthieri Lambert 1924
†Hemipatagus girundicus Lambert 1915
†Hemipatagus grignonensis Cotteau 1880
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Invalid names: Spatangus arhiaci Agassiz 1847 [synonym]
†Hemipatagus guebhardi Lambert and Savin 1902
†Hemipatagus hispanica Cotteau 1890
†Hemipatagus hoffmanni Goldfuss 1829
†Hemipatagus marianii Airaghi 1903
†Hemipatagus martensii Ebert 1889
†Hemipatagus nicoleti Agassiz 1839
†Hemipatagus ocellatus Defrance 1827
†Hemipatagus pellati Cotteau 1863
†Hemipatagus sambiensis Beyrich 1848
†Hemipatagus soubellensis Peron and Gauthier 1891
†Hemipatagus subrostratus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemipatagus tenuis Peron and Gauthier 1891
†Hemipatagus tuberculatus Peron and Gauthier 1885
Invalid names: Hemipatagus ficheuri Pomel 1887 [nomen dubium]
G. Lovenia Desor 1847
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Subg. Lovenia (Lovenia) Fischer 1966
†Lovenia alabamensis Cooke 1959
†Lovenia cordiformis Agassiz 1872
†Lovenia dumblei Kew 1917
†Lovenia lorioli Cotteau 1878
†Lovenia madurae Böhm 1882
†Lovenia mauritanica Pomel 1885
†Lovenia mexicana Jackson 1937
†Lovenia vicentina Dames 1878
†Lovenia woodsii Etheridge 1875
Invalid names: Lovenia forbesii Woods 1862 [nomen dubium], Vasconaster Lambert 1915 [synonym]
G. †Mazettia Lambert and Thiéry 1915
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†Mazettia pareti Manzoni 1879
G. †Verbeekia
Invalid names: Breyninae Lambert 1905 [empty], Echinocardiidae Cooke 1942 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Spatangidae Gray 1825
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G. †Epiaster
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†Epiaster brevipetalus Smith and Wright 2008
†Epiaster catumbellensis de Loriol 1888
†Epiaster depressus Kew 1920
†Epiaster distinctus Agassiz and Desor 1847
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Invalid names: Epiaster polygonus Orbigny 1991 [synonym]
†Epiaster michelini d'Orbigny 1847
†Epiaster whitei Clark 1891
G. †Gonimaretia Clark 1917
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†Gonimaretia laevis Clark 1917
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†Isomicraster danei Cooke 1953
†Isomicraster gibbus Lamarck 1816
†Isomicraster rossi Cooke 1953
G. Maretia Gray 1855
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†Maretia carinata Bolau 1873
†Maretia carolinensis Kier 1997
†Maretia clarki Lambert 1924
†Maretia cordata Mortensen 1948
Maretia elevata Döderlein 1906
Maretia elliptica Bolau 1874
Maretia fasciata Lambert 1924
†Maretia hungarica Vadász 1915
Maretia mascareignarum Michelin 1863
Maretia peloria Clark 1916
Maretia planulata Lamarck 1816
†Maretia praelongus Herklots 1854
†Maretia saccoi Airaghi 1905
†Maretia savini Cotteau 1893
Maretia tuberculata Agassiz and Clark 1907
†Maretia twitchelli Lambert 1924
†Maretia variegatus Gray 1866
†Maretia zeisei Gagel 1905
G. Paramaretia Mortensen 1951
G. †Sarsella Pomel
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†Sarsella gregoryi Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. Spatangus Gray 1825
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Subg. Spatangus (Granopatagus) Lambert 1915
Subg. †Spatangus (Phymapatagus) Lambert 1910
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†Phymapatagus heberti Cotteau 1885
Subg. †Spatangus (Platyspatus) Pomel 1883
Subg. Spatangus (Spatangus) Fischer 1966
†Spatangus brissus Leske 1778
†Spatangus californicus Clark 1917
†Spatangus depressus Dubois 1843
†Spatangus fuchsi Oppenheim 1901
†Spatangus glenni Cooke 1959
†Spatangus integer Sorignet 1850
†Spatangus ovatus Leske 1778
†Spatangus rarus Israelsky 1923
†Spatangus tapinus Schenck 1928
†Spatangus ventricosus Lamarck 1816
Invalid names: Eupatangidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Eurypataginae Kroh 2007 [empty], Macropneustidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Maretiidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Megapneustidae Fourtau 1905 [empty]
Invalid names: Antillasteridae Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 122.46000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 113.0 Ma

Collections (356 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Morocco (Western High Atlas) Epiaster restrictus (2070)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Switzerland Epiaster polygonus (2174 2233 2234)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Algeria Epiaster restrictus (40787 40788)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Madagascar Epiaster besairiei, Epiaster jeanneti (98245)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Greenland Spatangidae indet. (160914)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Madagascar (Mahajanga) Epiaster jeanneti, Epiaster besairiei (86497)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza) Epiaster sp. (88253)
Middle Albian109.0 - 105.3Madagascar (Mahajanga) Epiaster besairiei (86503)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Angola Epiaster catumbellensis (210726 210730 210731 210777 210778 210779 210780 210781 210851)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Texas) Epiaster whitei (58637)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Spain Epiaster sp. (3823 3824 3829)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6France Epiaster distinctus (56552 58363)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Portugal Epiaster sp. (145896)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Angola Epiaster catumbellensis (210860)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Arab Emirates Epiaster dartoni, Epiaster blanckenhorni (3792)
Senonian100.5 - 66.0Cuba Cyclaster sanchezi (91178)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Late/Upper Albian99.6 - 99.6Spain Epiaster sp. (3832)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Angola Epiaster catumbellensis (210856)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France Micraster distinctus (59809)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom Micraster distinctus (59708)