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Modiolus

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Species
Modiola (Lithophagus), Modiola (Septiola), Modiola amygdalina, Modiola angustissima, Modiola barbata, Modiola bolodekensis, Modiola costulata, Modiola decliva, Modiola exbrocchii, Modiola flemischi, Modiola fornicata, Modiola goldfussi, Modiola gracilior, Modiola gracilis, Modiola hartleyensis, Modiola houstonia, Modiola klipsteinii, Modiola lidarensis, Modiola longaticensis, Modiola marmorata, Modiola minuta, Modiola myoconchaeformis, Modiola nevadensis, Modiola ocrophaius, Modiola pantanellii, Modiola pedernalis, Modiola pictinatus, Modiola potomacensis, Modiola praerupta, Modiola pueblensis, Modiola raibliana, Modiola ravni, Modiola rhaetica, Modiola rhombea, Modiola sanharica, Modiola schafhaeutli, Modiola siliqua, Modiola solenoides, Modiola subcarinatus, Modiola sulcatus, Modiola triquaetraeformis, Modiola tulipea, Modiola visgnolae, Modiola vomer, M. (Cyranus), M. (Gibbomodiola), M. (Inoperna), M. (Modiolus), M. (Modiolusia), M. (Strimodiolus), M. addicotti, M. adelaidensis, M. aequalis, M. ameghinoi, M. americana, M. americanus, M. anatinus (syn. Modiola cuneata), M. archiskanni, M. areolatus, M. auriculatus, M. ausiensis, M. balongensis, M. bipartitus, M. buckmani, M. capax, M. carpenteri (syn. Volsella fornicata, M. fornicata), M. cawcawensis, M. columbianus, M. dalli, M. dimidiatus, M. ducatelii, M. ducatellii (syn. Modiola inflata), M. ellipticus, M. eugenensis, M. extensus, M. frugi, M. gejiuensis, M. gerthi, M. gibbus, M. giganteus, M. gigantoides, M. gigantus, M. grammatus, M. guiyangensis, M. hollicki, M. ionensis, M. jaworskii, M. kelsoensis, M. koneckii, M. kutinskensis, M. latecaudatus, M. ligeriensis, M. magnus, M. major, M. micropteris, M. minimus, M. muensteri, M. omanensis, M. ornatus, M. philippinarum, M. pliciferus, M. porterensis, M. pulchellus, M. pygmaeus (syn. Mytilus subpygmaeus, Mytilus pygmaeus), M. raubensis, M. restorationensis, M. reversus, M. salzstettensis, M. sandbergeri, M. semilaevigatus, M. silentiensis, M. solea, M. sookensis, M. speciosus, M. stantoni, M. strajeskianus, M. subsimplex, M. tenuistriatus, M. trigonalis, M. trinominata, M. triquetra, M. typicus, M. virginicus, M. wajampolkensis, M. weiyuanensis, M. willapaensis, M. yunnanensis, Mytilus (Modiolus) cypris, Mytilus (Modiolus) pulcher

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1799Modiola Lamarck
1801Modiola Lamarck
1846Mytilus (Modiolus) Forbes p. 152
1895Modiola Stanton p. 48
1904Modiolus Glenn p. 365
1923Modiolus Clark and Arnold p. 143
1928Modiolus Nagao p. 45
1935Modiolus Oostingh p. 161
1941Modiolum Görges p. 159
1977Modiolus Adegoke p. 229
1980Modiolus Sey and Kalacheva
1980Modiolus Vokes p. 26
1983Modiolus Moore p. A74
1984Modiolus Moore p. 26
1987Modiolus Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1991Modiolus Squires and Goedert p. 413
1998Modiolus Lamprell and Healy p. 80
2001Modiolus Todd
2002Modiolus Sepkoski
2005Modiolus Rosenberg
2006Modiolus El Qot p. 20
2006Modiolus Mikkelsen
2008Modiolus Scholz et al.
2010Modiolus Marquez-Aliaga et al. p. 193
2014Modiolus Ros-Franch et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
MytilomorphiFerussac 1822
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
genusModiolus(Lamarck 1801)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Modiolus Lamarck 1801
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Subg. Modiola (Lithophagus) Megerle 1811
+
Lithophagus alpinus Zittel 1866
Lithophagus oviformis Gabb 1864
Lithophagus plumula Hanley 1844
Lithophagus priscus Giebel 1856
Lithophagus triadicus Bittner 1901
Subg. †Modiola (Septiola) Bittner 1895
+
Modiola amygdalina Phillips 1841
Modiola angustissima Newton 1895
Modiola barbata Linnaeus 1758
Modiola bolodekensis Voronetz 1938
Modiola costulata Risso 1826
Modiola decliva White 1887
Modiola exbrocchii Sacco 1898
Modiola flemischi Martin 1933
Modiola fornicata Römer 1836
Modiola goldfussi Dunker 1849
Modiola gracilior Lepsius 1878
Modiola gracilis Klipstein 1843
Modiola hartleyensis Etheridge Jr. 1902
Modiola houstonia Harris 1895
Modiola klipsteinii Bittner 1895
Modiola lidarensis Diener 1915
Modiola longaticensis Bittner 1901
Modiola marmorata Forbes 1838
Modiola minuta Goldfuss 1833
Modiola myoconchaeformis Philippi 1898
Modiola nevadensis Walcott 1884
Modiola ocrophaius Cossmann 1887
Modiola pantanellii Futterer 1897
Modiola pedernalis Roemer 1852
Modiola pictinatus Lamarck 1805
Modiola potomacensis Clark 1895
Modiola praerupta Pritchard 1901
Modiola pueblensis Pritchard 1901
Modiola raibliana Bittner 1895
Modiola ravni Lundgren 1895
Modiola rhaetica Lepsius 1878
Modiola rhombea Berkeley 1827
Modiola sanharica Maury 1936
Modiola schafhaeutli Stur 1851
Modiola siliqua Matheron 1843
Modiola solenoides Morris and Lycett 1853
Modiola subcarinatus Lamarck 1805
Modiola sulcatus Lamarck 1805
Modiola tulipea Lamarck 1819
Modiola visgnolae Mariani 1919
Modiola vomer Parona 1890
Subg. †Modiolus (Cyranus) Hodges 2000
+
Subg. †Modiolus (Inoperna) Conrad 1875
+
Subg. Modiolus (Modiolusia) Yamamoto and Habe 1958
Subg. †Modiolus (Strimodiolus) Fursich 1982
Modiolus addicotti Moore 1984
Modiolus adelaidensis Tate 1886
Modiolus aequalis Sowerby 1818
Modiolus ameghinoi Ihering 1907
Modiolus americana Leach 1815
Modiolus anatinus Smith 1817
+
Invalid names: Modiola cuneata Sowerby 1818 [synonym]
Modiolus archiskanni McLearn 1945
Modiolus ausiensis Ilyina 1957
Modiolus balongensis Martin 1931
Modiolus bipartitus Sowerby 1818
Modiolus buckmani Rollier 1914
Modiolus capax Conrad 1837
Modiolus carpenteri Soot-Ryen 1963
+
Invalid names: Modiolus fornicata Carpenter 1864 [replaced], Volsella fornicata Carpenter 1864 [synonym]
Modiolus cawcawensis Harris 1919
Modiolus columbianus Weaver and Palmer 1922
Modiolus dalli Glenn 1904
Modiolus dimidiatus Münster 1841
Modiolus ducatelii Conrad 1840
Modiolus ducatellii Conrad 1840
+
Invalid names: Modiola inflata Tuomey and Holmes 1856 [synonym]
Modiolus ellipticus Guskov and Pogorevitsch 1984
Modiolus eugenensis Clark 1925
Modiolus extensus Lutkevitch and Lobanova 1960
Modiolus frugi Healey 1908
Modiolus gejiuensis Guo 1985
Modiolus gerthi Damborenea 1987
Modiolus gibbus Kiparisova 1966
Modiolus giganteus Quenstedt 1857
Modiolus gigantoides Olsson 1914
Modiolus gigantus Li et al. 1982
Modiolus grammatus Dall 1898
Modiolus guiyangensis Chen 1976
Modiolus hollicki Brown 1905
Modiolus ionensis Glenn 1904
Modiolus jaworskii Wanner and Knipscheer 1951
Modiolus kelsoensis Weaver and Palmer 1922
Modiolus koneckii Dickins 1963
Modiolus kutinskensis Efimova 1966
Modiolus latecaudatus Pritchard 1903
Modiolus ligeriensis d'Orbigny 1844
Modiolus magnus Guskov 1984
Modiolus major Gabb 1869
Modiolus minimus Sowerby 1818
Modiolus muensteri Klipstein 1843
Modiolus omanensis Hudson and Jefferies 1961
Modiolus ornatus Gabb 1864
Modiolus philippinarum Hanley 1844
Modiolus pliciferus von Koenen 1897
Modiolus porterensis Clark 1925
Modiolus pulchellus Olsson 1914
Modiolus pygmaeus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Mytilus subpygmaeus d'Orbigny 1849 [synonym]
Modiolus raubensis Cox 1936
Modiolus restorationensis Van Winkle 1918
Modiolus reversus Sowerby 1836
Modiolus salzstettensis Hohenstein 1913
Modiolus sandbergeri Glibert and de Heinzelin 1954
Modiolus semilaevigatus Deshayes 1861
Modiolus silentiensis McLearn 1926
Modiolus solea Slodkewitsch 1936
Modiolus sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
Modiolus speciosus Merla 1933
Modiolus stantoni Anderson 1938
Modiolus strajeskianus d'Orbigny 1845
Modiolus subsimplex d'Orbigny 1850
Modiolus tenuistriatus Slodkewitsch 1936
Modiolus trigonalis Slodkewitsch 1936
Modiolus trinominata Hanna 1924
Modiolus triquetra Seebach 1862
Modiolus typicus Forbes 1846
Modiolus virginicus Conrad 1867
Modiolus wajampolkensis Slodkewitsch 1936
Modiolus willapaensis Squires and Goedert 1991
Modiolus yunnanensis Chen 1976
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height415.39.5043.011.816.1
valve height1711.63.8028.913.37.83

Composition: aragonitef
Composition 2: low Mg calcitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Epibiont: yesg
Life habit: semi-infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-29 15:52:47
Modified: 2009-09-09 10:25:35
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Emsian to the top of the Holocene or 407.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 393.3 Ma

Collections (1804 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Brazil (Parana) M. sp. (37080 37081 37084)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Uruguay M. sp. (37078)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Goias) M. sp. (37111)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Parana) M. sp. (37104 37106 37107)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Piaui) M. sp. (37128)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) M. sp. (162207)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Arizona) Modiola illinoiensis (123280 123798 124253)
Visean346.7 - 330.9United Kingdom (Scotland) M. sp. (566)
Meramecian345.0 - 336.0USA (Nevada) M. nevadensis (62674 62735)
Asbian339.4 - 336.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Modiola lata (206737)
Asbian339.4 - 336.0United Kingdom (England) Modiola patula (5995)
Chesterian - Brigantian339.4 - 326.4USA (Ohio) M. waverliensis, M. fountainensis (85363)
Chesterian339.4 - 318.1USA (West Virginia) M. waverliensis (92970)
Chesterian339.4 - 318.1USA (Arizona) Modiola illinoiensis, Modiola fountainensis (124256)
Serpukhovian330.9 - 323.2USA (West Virginia) M. waverliensis (56142 56143)
Namurian - Westphalian326.4 - 306.95Spain Modiola sp. (73363)
Bashkirian323.2 - 315.2India Modiola lidarensis (230689 230690 230691)
Bashkirian - Moscovian323.2 - 307.0Argentina M. sp. (64411)
Kinderscoutian - Marsdenian318.1 - 314.6United Kingdom (England) M. sp. (8217 8218 8219)
Kinderscoutian - Marsdenian318.1 - 314.6Ireland M. sp. (8213)