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Taxonomy
Acar was named by Gray (1857). It is extant.
It was reranked as Barbatia (Acar) by Maury (1917), Woodring (1925), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941), Reinhart (1943), Adegoke (1977), Squires and Demetrion (1992) and Mandic and Steininger (2003); it was reranked as Arca (Acar) by Harris (1919), Oostingh (1935) and Abrard (1947).
It was assigned to Arca by Harris (1919), Oostingh (1935) and Abrard (1947); to Arcoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Barbatia by Maury (1917), Woodring (1925), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941), Reinhart (1943), Adegoke (1977), Squires and Demetrion (1992) and Mandic and Steininger (2003); to Arcinae by Vokes (1980), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Coan et al. (2000), Spencer et al. (2004) and Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012); and to Arcidae by Todd (2001) and Schnetler et al. (2024).
It was reranked as Barbatia (Acar) by Maury (1917), Woodring (1925), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941), Reinhart (1943), Adegoke (1977), Squires and Demetrion (1992) and Mandic and Steininger (2003); it was reranked as Arca (Acar) by Harris (1919), Oostingh (1935) and Abrard (1947).
It was assigned to Arca by Harris (1919), Oostingh (1935) and Abrard (1947); to Arcoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Barbatia by Maury (1917), Woodring (1925), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941), Reinhart (1943), Adegoke (1977), Squires and Demetrion (1992) and Mandic and Steininger (2003); to Arcinae by Vokes (1980), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Coan et al. (2000), Spencer et al. (2004) and Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012); and to Arcidae by Todd (2001) and Schnetler et al. (2024).
Species
A. bailyi, A. celleporacea, A. congenita, A. domingensis (syn. A. reticulata), A. lamellosa, A. plicata, A. rostrae, A. sandersonae, Arca (Acar) cheribonensis, Arca (Acar) pusilla, Barbatia (Acar) aspera, Barbatia (Acar) bailyi, Barbatia (Acar) dentiens, Barbatia (Acar) gradata (syn. A. panamensis), Barbatia (Acar) micronodosa, Barbatia (Acar) reinharti, Barbatia (Acar) trapeziformis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1857 | Acar Gray |
| 1917 | Barbatia (Acar) Maury p. 330 |
| 1919 | Arca (Acar) Harris p. 55 |
| 1925 | Barbatia (Acar) Woodring p. 36 |
| 1935 | Arca (Acar) Oostingh p. 126 |
| 1940 | Barbatia (Acar) Mansfield p. 175 |
| 1941 | Barbatia (Acar) Pilsbry and Olsson p. 9 |
| 1943 | Barbatia (Acar) Reinhart p. 34 |
| 1947 | Arca (Acar) Abrard p. 95 |
| 1977 | Barbatia (Acar) Adegoke p. 221 |
| 1980 | Acar Vokes p. 11 |
| 1992 | Barbatia (Acar) Squires and Demetrion p. 36 |
| 1995 | Acar Pacaud and Le Renard p. 176 |
| 2000 | Acar Coan et al. p. 130 |
| 2001 | Acar Todd |
| 2002 | Acar Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Barbatia (Acar) Mandic and Steininger p. 276 |
| 2004 | Acar Spencer et al. |
| 2012 | Acar Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 159 |
| 2024 | Acar Schnetler et al. p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Acar Gray 1857 [miniature ark]
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Acar bailyi Bartsch 1931
†Acar celleporacea Tate 1886
Acar congenita Smith 1885
†Acar lamellosa Deshayes 1858
Acar plicata Dillwyn 1817
Acar rostrae Berry 1954
Acar sandersonae Powell 1933
Arca (Acar) cheribonensis Oostingh 1935
Arca (Acar) pusilla Sowerby 1833
†Barbatia (Acar) aspera Conrad 1854
Barbatia (Acar) bailyi Bartsch 1931
†Barbatia (Acar) dentiens Cossmann and Peyrot 1912
Barbatia (Acar) gradata Broderip and Sowerby 1829
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Invalid names: Acar panamensis Bartsch 1931 [synonym]
†Barbatia (Acar) micronodosa Adegoke 1977
Barbatia (Acar) reinharti Effinger 1938
†Barbatia (Acar) trapeziformis Martin 1879
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family | |||||
| References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (194 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Poland | Barbatia hennigi (28447) | |
| Maastrichtian | Denmark | Acar hennigi (1385 1386 35039) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene | Russian Federation | Barbatia nana (70563) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | Acar beadata (205466) | |
| Danian | Belgium | Acar lamellosa (26880) Acar scaberrima (22931 26890 26891) Acar scaberrima, Acar lamellosa (26879) | |
| Danian | France | Acar merope (20816) | |
| Danian | Denmark | Acar hennigi (35040) | |
| Danian - Thanetian | Russian Federation | Acar penjica (50039) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | Barbatia micronodosa (7791) | |
| Ypresian | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Barbatia sp. (5495) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Mexico (Tamaulipas) | Barbatia domingensis (42932) | |
| Lutetian | Belgium | Acar lamellosa (77611) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Barbatia aspera (90455) Barbatia salebrosus (205520 205533) | |
| Middle Eocene | Australia (Western Australia) | Barbatia gunsoni (48440) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | Barbatia aspera (205501) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | Barbatia aspera (2444 2446 2449 2451 90704 90707 90709 99675 99734 205526) | |
| Priabonian | Bulgaria (Plovdiv) | Barbatia contorta (103736) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Washington) | Barbatia reinharti (40733) | |
| Priabonian | Bulgaria (Varna) | Barbatia lyelli (102229) | |
| Priabonian | Bulgaria (Burgas) | Barbatia radula (85445) | |