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Elephantini
Taxonomy
Elephantini was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. Its type is Elephas.
It was assigned to Elephantinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005) and Rohland et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Elephantinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005) and Rohland et al. (2010).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Elephantini Gray |
| 1997 | Elephantini McKenna and Bell p. 503 |
| 2005 | Elephantini Shoshani and Tassy p. 10 figs. Table 2 |
| 2010 | Elephantini Rohland et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821
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G. Elephas Linnaeus 1758 [elephant]
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Subg. †Elephas (Euelephas) Leidy 1858
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†Elephas (Euelephas) hysudricus Falconer and Cautley 1875
†Elephas (Euelephas) namadicus Falconer 1846
Subg. Elephas (Loxodon) Müller and Henle 1838
†Elephas beyeri von Koenigswald 1956
†Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970
†Elephas falconeri Busk 1867
Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Asian elephant]
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Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier 1798
Elephas maximus maximus Linnaeus 1758
Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847
Invalid names: Elephas asiaticus Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Elephas gigas Perry 1811 [synonym]
†Elephas melitensis Falconer 1868
†Elephas moghrebiensis Arambourg 1970
†Elephas nawataensis Tassy 2003
†Elephas planifrons Falconer and Cautley 1846
†Elephas priscus Goldfuss 1821
Invalid names: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931 [synonym], Hypselephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927 [synonym], Mastodon elephantoides Clift 1829 [nomen dubium], Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955 [synonym], Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924 [synonym], Pilgrimia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Platelephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Sivalikia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950 [synonym]
G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
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†Mammuthus chosaricus Dubrovo 1966
†Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
†Mammuthus creticus Bate 1907
†Mammuthus exilis Maglio 1970 [pygmy mammoth]
†Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
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Invalid names: Elephas haroldcooki Hay 1928 [synonym], Elephas scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus lamarmorae Major 1883
†Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825
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Invalid names: Archidiskodon nebrascensis Osborn 1932 [synonym], Archidiskodon scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 [wooly mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas boreus Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Mammuthus trogontherii Pohlig 1885
Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elephantina Gray 1825 [empty], Loxodontina Osborn 1918 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Baodean to the top of the Holocene or 11.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Collections (1087 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Mammuthus sp. (22344) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Taichung) | Stegodon sinensis (76862) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan | Elephas sp. (76865) Stegodon sinensis (76863) | |
| Neogene | Myanmar | Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas clifti (215569) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Elephas sp. (76866) | |
| Neogene | USA (West Virginia) | Mammuthus sp. (123931) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Elephas imperator (190543) | |
| Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus primigenius (189573) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Mammuthus subplanifrons (22139 22162 22179) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Elephas sp. (144187) | |
| Vallesian - Turolian | Italy (Foggia) | Mammuthus lamarmorae (33295) | |
| Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Elephas sp. (183982) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Elephas nawataensis (22242) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Mammuthus subplanifrons (59167) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Tanzania | Elephas ekorensis (22046) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya | Elephas ekorensis (232486) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ethiopia | Mammuthus sp., Elephas recki (22135) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya | Elephas ekorensis (22234) Elephas sp. (22338) | |