| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Elephantinae
Taxonomy
Elephantinae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. Its type is Elephas.
It was assigned to Elephantoidea by Osborn (1921); and to Elephantidae by Maglio (1970), Maglio (1973), Shoshani and Tassy (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005), Rogaev et al. (2006) and Sanders (2007).
It was assigned to Elephantoidea by Osborn (1921); and to Elephantidae by Maglio (1970), Maglio (1973), Shoshani and Tassy (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005), Rogaev et al. (2006) and Sanders (2007).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Elephantinae Gray |
| 1921 | Elephantinae Osborn p. 2 |
| 1970 | Elephantinae Maglio |
| 1973 | Elephantinae Maglio |
| 1996 | Elephantinae Shoshani and Tassy p. 352 |
| 1997 | Elephantinae McKenna and Bell p. 503 |
| 2005 | Elephantinae Shoshani and Tassy p. 10 figs. Table 2 |
| 2006 | Elephantinae Rogaev et al. |
| 2007 | Elephantinae Sanders p. 7 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Elephantinae Gray 1821
show all | hide all
Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821
hide
G. Elephas Linnaeus 1758 [elephant]
+
Subg. †Elephas (Euelephas) Leidy 1858
+
†Elephas (Euelephas) hysudricus Falconer and Cautley 1875
†Elephas (Euelephas) namadicus Falconer 1846
Subg. Elephas (Loxodon) Müller and Henle 1838
†Elephas beyeri von Koenigswald 1956
†Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970
†Elephas falconeri Busk 1867
Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Asian elephant]
+
Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier 1798
Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847
Invalid names: Elephas asiaticus Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Elephas gigas Perry 1811 [synonym]
Elephas maximus maximus Linnaeus 1758
†Elephas melitensis Falconer 1868
†Elephas moghrebiensis Arambourg 1970
†Elephas nawataensis Tassy 2003
†Elephas planifrons Falconer and Cautley 1846
†Elephas priscus Goldfuss 1821
Invalid names: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931 [synonym], Hypselephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927 [synonym], Mastodon elephantoides Clift 1829 [nomen dubium], Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955 [synonym], Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924 [synonym], Pilgrimia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Platelephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Sivalikia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950 [synonym]
G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
+
†Mammuthus chosaricus Dubrovo 1966
†Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
+
Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
†Mammuthus creticus Bate 1907
†Mammuthus exilis Maglio 1970 [pygmy mammoth]
†Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
+
Invalid names: Elephas haroldcooki Hay 1928 [synonym], Elephas scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus lamarmorae Major 1883
†Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825
+
Invalid names: Archidiskodon nebrascensis Osborn 1932 [synonym], Archidiskodon scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 [wooly mammoth]
+
Invalid names: Elephas boreus Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Mammuthus trogontherii Pohlig 1885
Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elephantina Gray 1825 [empty], Loxodontina Osborn 1918 [empty]
Tr. Loxodontini Osborn 1918
hide
G. Loxodonta Cuvier 1825 [African elephant]
+
†Loxodonta adaurora Maglio 1970
Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797 [African bush elephant]
+
Elephas capensis knochenhaueri Matschie 1900
Invalid names: Elephas capensis Cuvier 1798 [synonym]
†Loxodonta atlantica Pomel 1879
†Loxodonta cookei Sanders 2007
Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie 1900 [African forest elephant]
+
Invalid names: Elephas africanus albertensis Lydekker 1907 [synonym], Elephas africanus fransseni Schouteden 1914 [synonym], Elephas africanus pumilio Noack 1906 [synonym]
†Loxodonta exoptata Dietrich 1941
Invalid names: Elephas africanus cottoni Lydekker 1908 [synonym]
G. †Primelephas Maglio 1970
hide
†Primelephas korotorensis Coppens 1965
+
Invalid names: Primelephas gomphotheroides Maglio 1970 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Baodean to the top of the Holocene or 11.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Collections (1209 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Loxodonta sp. (22220) Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Loxodonta sp. (22393 22394 22395 22408 22428 22433) Mammuthus sp. (22344) Primelephas gomphotheroides (22451) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Taichung) | Stegodon sinensis (76862) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Elephas sp. (76866) | |
| Neogene | Myanmar | Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas clifti (215569) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan | Elephas sp. (76865) Stegodon sinensis (76863) | |
| Neogene | USA (West Virginia) | Mammuthus sp. (123931) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Elephas imperator (190543) | |
| Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus primigenius (189573) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Primelephas gomphotheroides (22241) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Primelephas gomphotheroides (22236) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Mammuthus subplanifrons, Primelephas gomphotheroides (22139 22162 22179) Primelephas gomphotheroides (22158) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Loxodonta sp. (51189) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Elephas sp. (144187) | |
| Vallesian - Turolian | Italy (Foggia) | Mammuthus lamarmorae (33295) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Uganda | Loxodonta sp. (22345 22423 22456) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Chad | Elephantinae indet., Primelephas gomphotheroides (24181) | |
| Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Elephas sp. (183982) | |
| Messinian | Kenya | Loxodonta sp., Primelephas gomphotheroides (22274) Primelephas sp. (22275 22316) | |