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Balistoidei

Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1987Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal
2002Balistoidei Tyler and Santini p. 51
2003Balistoidei Santini and Tyler p. 603
2004Balistoidei Schultz p. 346
2012Balistoidei Fierstine et al. p. 163
2013Balistoidei Betancur et al.
2014Balistoidei Bannikov p. 30
2019Balistoidei Ebersole et al. p. 180

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Percomorpharia
orderTetraodontiformesBerg 1940
suborderBalistoidei
suborderBalistoidei

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal 1987
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G. Balistes Linnaeus 1758
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†Balistes crassidens Casier 1958
†Balistes dubius Blainville 1818
†Balistes lerichei Bauzà 1949
†Balistes muensteri Schultz 2004
Balistes polylepis Steindachner 1876 [finescale triggerfish]
†Balistes procapriscus Arambourg 1927
G. †Balistomorphus Gill 1888
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†Balistomorphus ovalis Agassiz 1842
†Balistomorphus spinosus Agassiz 1842
G. †Gornylistes Bannikov and Tyler 2008
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†Gornylistes prodigiosus Bannikov and Tyler 2008
G. †Grypodon
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†Grypodon texanus Dames 1883
Invalid names: Ancistrodon Roemer 1849 [replaced]
G. †Oligobalistes Danil'chenko 1960
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†Oligobalistes robustus Danil'chenko 1960
Superfm. †Bolcabalistoidea
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Invalid names: Eospinidae Santini and Tyler 2003 [empty]
Fm. †Eotrigonodontidae White 1935
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G. †Eotrigonodon Weiler 1929
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†Eotrigonodon indicus Kumar and Loyal 1987
†Eotrigonodon serratus Gervais 1852
†Eotrigonodon tabroumiti Tabaste 1963
†Eotrigonodon wardhaensis Jain and Sahni 1983
G. †Kankatodus Kumar and Loyal 1987
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†Kankatodus cappettai Kumar and Loyal 1987
G. †Stephanodus Zittel 1883
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†Stephanodus lybicus Zittel 1888
Superfm. †Moclaybalistoidea Santini and Tyler 2003
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Fm. Moclaybalistidae Santini and Tyler 2003
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G. †Moclaybalistes Tyler and Santini 2002
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†Moclaybalistes danekrus Tyler and Santini 2002
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G. Aluterus Cloquet 1816 [Leatherjacket]
G. Amanses Gray 1835
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†Amanses sulcifer Casier 1966
G. †Frigocanthus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
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†Frigocanthus margaritatus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
†Frigocanthus stroppanobili Sorbini and Tyler 2004
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Invalid names: Balistoidea [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:45:45
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:45:45
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oxfordian to the top of the Holocene or 161.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 155.7 Ma

Collections (108 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France (Basse-Normandie) Stephanodus sp. (74916)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Stephanodus sp. (92143 92144 92145)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Algeria (El Bayadh) Stephanodus zitteli (206288)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Algeria Stephanodus zitteli (187588)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) Eotrigonodon sp., Stephanodus sp. (56365)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France (Poitou-Charentes) Stephanodus sp. (73862 77233)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Eotrigonodon tabroumiti (87164)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt Stephanodus sp. (214403 214498)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Georgia) Stephanodus sp. (35289)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (Georgia) Stephanodus sp. (70720)
Campanian - Paleocene83.6 - 56.0Mali Stephanodus lybicus (202360)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (North Carolina) Stephanodus sp. (57918)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Delaware) Stephanodus sp. (27570)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Jersey) Stephanodus sp. (32181)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Carolina) Stephanodus sp. (79363)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Chihuahua) Stephanodus sp. (35353)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Syria Stephanodus libycus (117850 117852 117853 117854 117855 117857)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Stephanodus sp. (14504 57916)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Stephanodus sp. (226125)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mali (Gao) Stephanodus libycus (206854)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Eotrigonodon wardhaensis, Stephanodus lybicus (60397)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Eotrigonodon sp., Stephanodus sp. (58100) Eotrigonodon wardhaensis, Stephanodus libycus (222693) Stephanodus sp. (58101)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Niger Stephanodus lybicus (229528 229529)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Niger (Tahoua) Stephanodus libycus (48868) Stephanodus lybicus (178660)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Jordan Stephanodus libycus (13366)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Stephanodus sp. (99138)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Stephanodus sp. (125950)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Morocco Stephanodus libycus (116903)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Morocco Stephanodus libycus (99627)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Stephanodus lybicus (58102)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Stephanodus minimus (12855)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Eotrigonodon sp., Stephanodus lybicus (122240) Stephanodus libycus (27014 153368)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Rajasthan) Stephanodus sp. (93028)
Paleocene - Eocene66.0 - 33.9Mali Eotrigonodon jonesi, Stephanodus lybicus (202362)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene58.7 - 48.6Saudi Arabia Eotrigonodon sp. (37182)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium Eotrigonodon serratus (219001 219004 219006)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Himachal Pradesh) Stephanodus libycus, Kankatodus cappettai, Eotrigonodon indicus (31267)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Jammu and Kashmir) Stephanodus libycus (31301 31302 31303)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) Eotrigonodon serratus (42459)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Monacanthidae indet., Oligobalistes robustus, Moclaybalistes danekrus, Balistomorphus ovalis, Balistomorphus spinosus, Balistomorphus orbiculatus (55239)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3India Ancistrodon sp. (94595)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Pakistan Eotrigonodon serratus (79971)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6India (Andhra Pradesh) Eotrigonodon jonesi (46388)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Ukraine (Luhansk) Eotrigonodon sp. (120885)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan Stephanodus sp. (88339)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) Eotrigonodon serratus (41888 41989 41992 41994 41996 41998)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Ukraine Eotrigonodon sp. (211009)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) Balistidae indet. (176944)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Russian Federation (Krasnodar) Gornylistes prodigiosus (187028)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Russian Federation (Adygeia) Oligobalistes robustus (105572)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Georgia Triacanthoidea indet. (186469)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Indonesia (Maros) Balistes sp. (187654)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Costa Rica Balistes sp. (187875)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.03 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Aluterus sp. (48887)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Spain (Mallorca) Balistes lerichei (155253)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Mexico (Baja California) Balistidae indet. (52183)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Austria Balistes muensteri (210156)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Virginia) Aluterus sp. (57700)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) Balistes muensteri (161993)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Poland Balistes sp. (162017)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Austria Balistes muensteri (70504)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Slovakia Balistes muensteri (123209)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Venezuela Balistes sp. (200110)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Peru Balistidae indet. (13079)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Balistes procapriscus (186582)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Australia (South Australia) Monacanthidae indet. (50343)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) Aluterus sp. (212232)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (Florida) Balistes sp. (46369)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Aluterus sp. (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Balistidae indet. (100313)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Frigocanthus stroppanobili (207302)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Monacanthidae indet. (207303)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Italy Monacanthidae indet. (210258)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Peru Aluterus sp. (219106)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Italy Monacanthidae indet. (57058)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Peru (Ica) Aluterus sp. (219059 219104)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Balistes sp. (20400)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Aluterus sp. (188304)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Balistes sp. (20604)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Balistidae indet. (194995 194999)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Turks and Caicos Islands Balistidae indet. (209855)