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Carapidae

Actinopteri - Ophidiiformes - Carapidae

Taxonomy
Carapidae was named by Jordan and Fowler (1902). It is extant.

It was assigned to Carapoidae by Frizzell and Dante (1965); and to Ophidiiformes by Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011) and Nelson et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1902Carapidae Jordan and Fowler
1965Carapidae Frizzell and Dante p. 715
2011Carapidae Schwarzhans and Bratischko p. 91
2016Carapidae Nelson et al. p. 316

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Ophidiimorpharia
orderOphidiiformesBerg 1937
familyCarapidaeJordan and Fowler 1902
familyCarapidaeJordan and Fowler 1902

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Carapidae Jordan and Fowler 1902
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G. Carapus Rafinesque 1810
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Carapus acus Brünnich 1768
†Carapus alleni Schwarzhans 1985
†Carapus lisus Nolf 1971
†Carapus nuntius Koken 1891
†Carapus praecursor Schwarzhans 1980
†Carapus smithvillensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Echiodon Thompson 1837
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†Echiodon heinzelini Huyghebaert and Nolf 1979
†Echiodon pegasus Markle and Olney 1990
†Echiodon teres Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Encheliophis Müller 1842
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†Encheliophis crassidorsalis Schwarzhans 2007
†Encheliophis strigosus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Eurypleuron Markle and Olney 1990
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†Eurypleuron debilis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. †Fierasferoides Schwarzhans 1981
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†Fierasferoides bucculentus Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
G. †Jordanicus Gilbert 1905
G. Onuxodon Smith 1955
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†Onuxodon cobeni Nolf 1980
†Onuxodon exiguus Stinton 1956
Invalid names: Carapinae Jordan and Fowler 1902 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektobenthico
Diet: carnivoreo
Diet 2: parasiteo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:30:52
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:30:52
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Selandian to the top of the Holocene or 61.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (101 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Selandian - Thanetian61.6 - 56.0Ukraine Onuxodon sp., Fierasferoides bucculentus (159509)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Jordanicus lisus (220174)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Lower Saxony,) Carapus lisus, Encheliophis crassidorsalis (188954)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (California) Carapidae indet. (200654)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Carapus smithvillensis (84146)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Carapus novus, Onuxodon kirakoffi (188958) Carapus novus, Onuxodon kiriakoffi, Onuxodon yebraensis (188957) Onuxodon kiriakoffi (188962)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Texas) Carapus smithvillensis (84147 84148)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Indonesia (Java) Carapidae indet. (202252)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Carapidae indet. (75638)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333New Zealand (South Island) Fierasfer nuntius (205843)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Echiodon nuntius (32012)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Hungary Echiodon sp. (184477 187352)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Australia (South Australia) Carapus sp. (219159 219169) Carapus sp., Carapus alleni (219157)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France Echiodon sp. (219194)
Chattian - Early/Lower Miocene28.1 - 15.97Greece (Greneva) Echiodon heinzelini (222448)
Duntroonian27.3 - 25.2New Zealand (South Island) Carapus alleni (219569) Carapus alleni, Eurypleuron debilis (219615) Carapus praecursor (219331) Echiodon pegasus (219611) Echiodon praecursor (219570 219619) Eurypleuron debilis (219612)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand (South Island) Carapus alleni, Carapus praecursor (219334) Carapus alleni, Echiodon praecursor (219580) Carapus praecursor (219336) Echiodon praecursor (219319 219577 219578 219581 219582 219584 219585) Eurypleuron sp. (219579)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France Echiodon heinzelini (219195)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Australia (Victoria) Jordanicus exiguus (174215)
Otaian21.7 - 19.0New Zealand (North Island) Echiodon teres (219517) Eurypleuron sp. (219522)
Otaian21.7 - 19.0New Zealand (South Island) Echiodon praecursor (219586 219587 219588 219591) Echiodon praecursor, Encheliophis strigosus (219590)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97New Zealand Carapus alleni (44898)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France Carapus nuntius (220042) Echiodon heinzelini (219196)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand Carapus exiguus, Carapus praecursor (67900)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Carapus alleni, Echiodon praecursor, Echiodon teres, Encheliophis strigosus (219598) Carapus alleni, Echiodon teres (219621) Carapus exiguus, Carapus alleni, Echiodon praecursor, Echiodon teres (219341) Echiodon praecursor (219592) Echiodon praecursor, Echiodon teres, Encheliophis strigosus (219318 219593) Echiodon praecursor, Encheliophis strigosus (219744) Echiodon teres (219594 219597 219609 219622) Echiodon teres, Encheliophis strigosus (219599)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (North Shore) Carapus alleni, Echiodon teres (219526) Echiodon praecursor, Echiodon teres (219524) Echiodon teres (219523 219525)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (Southland) Fierasfer nuntius (85538)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France Echiodon heinzelini (219197)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (Lower Saxony) Fierasfer nuntius (161965)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (Victoria) Carapus exiguus (71242 72231) Jordanicus exiguus (51397)
Clifdenian15.9 - 13.65New Zealand (South Island) Carapus exiguus, Echiodon teres (219274 219276) Carapus sp., Carapus exiguus (219275) Echiodon teres (219623)
Clifdenian15.9 - 13.65New Zealand (North Island) Onuxodon exiguus (219567)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) Carapus acus (161994 161995) Echiodon sp., Carapus acus (161993)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Echiodon sp. (207587)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy Carapus acus (70491) Carapus acus, Echiodon heinzelini (78437) Carapus sp., Carapus acus (178120)
Kapitean6.5 - 5.333New Zealand (North Island) Echiodon pegasus (219555)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Sicily) Echiodon drummondii (223704) Echiodon drummondii, Carapus acus (223703)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Carapus acus (207769)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Jamaica Carapus sp., Echiodon sp. (186673)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Echiodon dentatus (207357)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Italy (Bologna) Carapus sp. (186574)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Greece (Rhodes) Carapus acus (207579 207580)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Carapus acus (207569) Echiodon dentatus (207571)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Italy Echiodon dentatus, Carapus acus (159378)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Carapus acus (159288) Echiodon dentatus (159140)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) Carapus sp., Echiodon sp. (161932)