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Myctophoidei (disused)
Taxonomy
Myctophoidei is a suborder.
It was assigned to Isospondyli by Casier (1965); to Iniomi by Applegate (1970) and Schwarzhans (1978); to Salmoniformes by Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Scopeliformes by Constantin (1999); and to Myctophiformes by Prokofiev (2006).
It was assigned to Isospondyli by Casier (1965); to Iniomi by Applegate (1970) and Schwarzhans (1978); to Salmoniformes by Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Scopeliformes by Constantin (1999); and to Myctophiformes by Prokofiev (2006).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1965 | Myctophoidei Casier p. 18 |
| 1970 | Myctophoidei Applegate p. 420 |
| 1978 | Myctophoidei Schwarzhans p. 6 |
| 1987 | Myctophoidei Kumar and Loyal p. 75 |
| 1999 | Myctophoidei Constantin |
| 2006 | Myctophoidei Prokofiev p. S45 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. †Myctophoidei
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. M. Prokofiev 2006 | Mostly small fish, from 2.5 to 30 cm SL, short and deep-bodied, or with elongated body. Snout compressed laterally, eye usually large. Usually 0–1 supramaxillaria, as an exception, two (Sardinioides). Maxillare broadens caudally or practically not broad- ened, but always normally developed, not supported by infraorbitalia. Teeth on jaws and on palatinum more or less small, in many rows. Supraorbitale absent; antor- bitale usually present. Suborbital shelf usually present. Posttemporal fossa absent. Horizontal branch of praeo- perculum moderately or significantly reduced; subo- perculum smaller (as an exception, equal to) the oper- culum. Branchiostegal rays 7–11. Gill rakers normally developed. Cleithrum attached to the lower half of supr- acleithrum. Vertebral number 28–45. Abdominal part of the vertebral column shorter than caudal. Intermuscular bones normally developed. Dorsal fin with short base, contains 10–21 rays, begins in the anterior half or in the middle of the body. In the anal fin, 10–27 rays. Pectoral fins deeply on the sides of the body, forming an angle less than 45° with the body, usually longer than pelvic fins or equal to them (except certain Myctophidae, in which pectoral fins are reduced or absent). Scales well developed, there are no enlarged scales on the sides of the body and in the base of the caudal fin. No fulcral scales in the base of the caudal fin (except Sardinoides). Photophores present (except certain Neoscopelidae); Myctophidae, in addition to the serial photophores, have the secondary photophores and various types of luminescent glands. Swimbladder present or absent; no peritoneal sections. Eye without afocal zone. Inhabit predominantly mesopelagial, partly bathypelagial (depths 150–1200 m, rarely up to 2000 m), some spe- cies continuously occur above the continental and island slopes (Bekker, 1983), many species are interzonal. The most primitive forms were usually shallow- water. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections
No collection or age range data are available