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Paraptenodytes robustus

Reptilia - Spheniscidae

Taxonomy
Palaeospheniscus robustus was named by Ameghino (1894). It is not extant.

It was recombined as Perispheniscus robustus by Brodkorb (1963); it was recombined as Paraptenodytes robustus by Simpson (1972), Acosta Hospitaleche (2005), Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008) and Tambussi et al. (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1894Palaeospheniscus robustus Ameghino
1901Paraptenodytes curtus Ameghino p. 81
1901Paraptenodytes grandis Ameghino p. 81
1905Palaeospheniscus robustus Ameghino p. 105
1905Metancylornis curtus Ameghino p. 129
1905Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Ameghino p. 134
1905Arthrodytes grandis Ameghino p. 144
1905Treleudytes crassa Ameghino p. 156
1933Palaeospheniscus robustus Lambrecht p. 227
1933Metancylornis curtus Lambrecht p. 231
1933Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Lambrecht p. 232
1933Arthrodytes grandis Lambrecht p. 233
1933Treleudytes crassa Lambrecht p. 235
1946Palaeospheniscus robustus Simpson p. 28
1946Treleudytes crassus Simpson p. 31
1946Metancylornis curtus Simpson p. 32
1946Arthrodytes grandis Simpson p. 34
1963Arthrodytes grandis Brodkorb p. 235
1963Perispheniscus robustus Brodkorb p. 237
1963Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Brodkorb p. 239
1963Paraptenodytes curtus Brodkorb p. 239
1972Paraptenodytes robustus Simpson p. 22
1972Arthrodytes grandis Simpson p. 26
2005Paraptenodytes robustus Acosta Hospitaleche p. 408
2008Paraptenodytes robustus Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi p. 120
2023Paraptenodytes robustus Tambussi et al. p. 273

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Aequornithes
Feraequornithes
superorderProcellariimorphae
Sphenisciformes(Sharpe 1891)
familySpheniscidaeBonaparte 1831
genusParaptenodytes
speciesrobustus()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Paraptenodytes robustus Ameghino 1894
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Invalid names: Arthrodytes grandis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Paraptenodytes crassus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Paraptenodytes curtus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. Acosta Hospitaleche and C. Tambussi 2008The preservation state of the material does not allow to base a diagnosis on the tarsometatarsus. Nevertheless, the size of its humerus makes possible to dif- ferentiate it from P. antarcticus.
Humerus. Robust but small, whereas it is slender and more elongate in P. antarcticus. The diaphysis is wide and the proximal epyphysis is proportionally larger than in P. antarcticus. The fossa tricipitalis is a little larger than in P. antarcticus.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983

Age range: Aquitanian or 23.03000 to 20.44000 Ma

Collections (2 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Argentina Metancylornis curtus, Isotremornis nordenskjoldi, Arthrodytes grandis (45887)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.03 - 15.97Argentina (Chubut) Palaeospheniscus robustus, Treleudytes crassus (47303)