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Nannippus
Taxonomy
Hipparion (Nannippus) was named by Matthew (1926).
It was reranked as Nannippus by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988), Manning and MacFadden (1989), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), May (2019) and Albright et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Hipparion by Matthew (1926); to Equinae by Manning and MacFadden (1989); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Equidae by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988) and Albright et al. (2019); and to Hipparionini by Quinn (1955), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and May (2019).
It was reranked as Nannippus by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988), Manning and MacFadden (1989), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), May (2019) and Albright et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Hipparion by Matthew (1926); to Equinae by Manning and MacFadden (1989); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Equidae by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988) and Albright et al. (2019); and to Hipparionini by Quinn (1955), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and May (2019).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1926 | Hipparion (Nannippus) Matthew |
| 1936 | Nannippus McGrew |
| 1940 | Nannippus Stirton p. 184 |
| 1955 | Nannippus Quinn p. 63 |
| 1972 | Nannippus Skinner p. 117 |
| 1980 | Nannippus Kurten and Anderson p. 284 |
| 1981 | Nannippus Thurmond and Jones p. 185 |
| 1984 | Nannippus MacFadden p. 116 |
| 1988 | Nannippus Carroll |
| 1989 | Nannippus Manning and MacFadden p. 37 |
| 1989 | Nannippus Prothero and Schoch p. 532 |
| 1991 | Nannippus Baskin p. 999 |
| 1995 | Nannippus Kelly p. 26 |
| 1998 | Nannippus MacFadden p. 548 |
| 2006 | Nannippus Hulbert and Whitmore p. 15 |
| 2019 | Nannippus Albright et al. p. 181 |
| 2019 | Nannippus May |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Nannippus Matthew 1926
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†Nannippus beckensis Dalquest and Donovan 1973
†Nannippus lenticularis Cope 1893
†Nannippus morgani Hulbert, Jr. 1993
†Nannippus peninsulatus Cope 1885
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Invalid names: Equus minutus Cope 1893 [synonym], Equus phlegon Hay 1899 [synonym], Hipparion cragini Hay 1917 [synonym], Nannippus hesperides Mooser 1968 [synonym], Nannippus montezumae Leidy 1882 [synonym]
†Nannippus westoni Simpson 1930
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| B. J. MacFadden 1984 | Small, hypsodont, and gracile hipparion. Mean TRL ranges from 82.25 to 115.90 mm. Unworn or little-worn M1MSTHT ca. 37 - 66mm. Cheek teeth hypsodont to very hypsodont. Relatively elongate rostrum and post canine diastema. DPOF absent. Upper cheek teeth with oval protocones and moderately complex enamel plications on fossette borders. Lower cheek teeth with relatively deep ectoflexids, pli caballinids rudimentary or absent, widely separated metaconids and metastylids, protostylids poorly developed or absent, and P2 with relatively small anterior projection of the paralophid. Very elongate and relatively slender metapodials relative to body size.
Nannippus differs from all other horses in a combination of the lack of DPOF (e.g., fig. 89), small size, relative hypsodonty as well as numerous dental characters. Nannippus also possibly differs from other horses in the lack of trapezium in the manus (see Discussion below). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subg = subgenus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 15.97000 to 0.78100 Ma
Collections (169 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | USA (Florida) | N. aztecus (18571) N. minor (18510) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oklahoma) | N. minor (18094) | |
| Miocene | USA (Texas) | N. ingenuum (18606 18612 18689) | |
| Miocene | Mexico (Chihuahua) | N. minor (18714) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Merychippus sp. (19437) N. sp. (19382) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Texas) | N. ingenuum (18629) N. sp. (207493) | |
| Langhian | USA (Florida) | N. sp. (18569) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Florida) | N. aztecus, N. westoni (161381) | |
| Sarmatian | Ukraine (Crimea) | Hipparion minus (60252) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | N. sp. (18611 207452 207489) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | N. sp. (18095 18142 18171 18222 18233 18301) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | N. sp. (18449) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | N. sp. (18063 18200) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | N. sp. (18536 161377) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | N. sp. (18327) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | N. minor (18554) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | N. sp. (18134 18256 18305) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | N. sp. (18307) | |
| Clarendonian - Pliocene | USA (Oklahoma) | N. sp. (170186) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Hipparion minor (18505) N. sp. (18509) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | USA (Florida) | N. sp. (18501) N. westoni (18568) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Aegean) | Hipparion minus (202120) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk) | Hipparion minus (75067) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | N. aztecus (18034) N. lenticularis (18304) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Louisiana) | N. minor (68441) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Hipparion lenticulare (18033) N. lenticularis (18086 18441) N. sp. (18201 18225) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | N. aztecus, N. lenticularis (18097) N. lenticularis (18211 178104) N. minor (18073) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Hipparion montezumae (18140) N. lenticularis (18241 18342) N. sp. (18415) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | N. sp. (18718) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Alabama) | N. aztecus (18559) N. lenticularis (81498) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | N. aztecus (189790) N. minor (18745) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Hipparion minor (18563) Merychippus westoni (18525) N. aztecus (26549) N. minor (18529 18556 18577 18584 18602) N. morgani (18578) N. morgani, N. minor (18564 18581 18601) N. westoni (18560) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Queretaro) | N. minor (18729) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | N. sp. (18076) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | N. peninsulatus (18733) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | N. lenticularis (18126 18359) N. sp. (18247) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Canada (Alberta) | N. lenticularis (18757) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | N. minor (18737 18740) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | N. minor (18755) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. minor (18553 18573 18599) N. westoni (18533) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | N. aztecus (18036) | |
| early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. minor (18539) | |
| late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. minor (18552) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Zanclean | USA (Florida) | N. minor (18535) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (Oklahoma) | N. sp. (178780) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | N. lenticularis (52582) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Mississippi) | N. minor (162637) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | N. peninsulatus (19981 230461) N. phlegon (19655) N. sp. (19970) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | N. aztecus (20055) N. beckensis (20060) N. peninsulatus (20023 20029 20033 20051 20053) N. phlegon (20035 20040 20044) N. sp. (20034) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Chihuahua) | N. phlegon (20074) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | N. peninsulatus (19934 19936) N. phlegon (19924 19929 19937 19938 19939) N. sp. (19940) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Michoacan) | N. phlegon (20072) | |
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | N. peninsulatus (19618 19638 19650 19656 19657 19658) N. phlegon (19624 19628 19642 19643 19644 19651 19654) N. sp. (19625 19626 19629 19630 19631 19634 19636) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | N. sp. (19955) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Hidalgo) | N. peninsulatus (18753 20079) N. sp. (20073) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | N. sp. (19712 19717) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | N. peninsulatus (19746 19747 19749 19753 19754 19755 19760 19761 19764 98320 113275 113276) N. phlegon (19752) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Guanajuato) | N. hesperides (20076) N. peninsulatus (20077) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | Mexico (Jalisco) | N. peninsulatus (20078) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | N. peninsulatus (19758) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | N. peninsulatus (206956) N. sp. (206955) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | N. peninsulatus (192626 212356) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Hipparion cragini (191915) |