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Antilopinae

Mammalia - Bovidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Antilopinae Gray
1902Antilopinae Hay p. 687
1976Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser
1976Etruria viallii Hurzeler and Engesser p. 333
1999Antilopinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 893
2001Antilopinae Grubb p. 377
2003Antilopinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 223
2008Antilopinae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5
2010Antilopinae Gentry p. 757
2016Antilopinae Wang et al. pp. e1169190-2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Ruminantiamorpha
Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
Pecora()
familyBovidae
subfamilyAntilopinaeGray 1821
subfamilyAntilopinaeGray 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Antilopinae Gray 1821
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Tr. Aepycerotini Gray 1872
+
G. Aepyceros Sundevall 1847 [impala]
+
Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein 1812 [impala]
Aepyceros premelampus Harris 2003
Aepyceros shungurae Gentry 1985
Tr. Alcelaphini Brookes 1876
+
Subtr. †Alcelaphina Vrba 1997
+
G. †Damalops Pilgrim 1939
+
Damalops sidihakomai Vrba 1997
G. †Megalotragus van Hoepen 1932
+
Megalotragus atopocranion Pickford and Thomas 1984
G. Alcelaphus Blainville 1816 [hartebeest]
+
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 [hartebeest]
Alcelaphus kattwinkeli Scwarz 1932
G. †Awashia Vrba 1997
+
Awashia suwai Vrba 1997
G. Beatragus Heller 1912 [hirola]
+
Beatragus antiquus Leakey 1965
Beatragus hunteri Sclater 1889
Beatragus whitei Vrba 1997
G. Connochaetes Lichtenstein 1812 [wildebeest]
+
Connochaetes gentryi Harris 1991
Connochaetes gentryi leptoceras Geraads et al. 2004
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann 1780 [black wildebeest]
Connochaetes taurinus Burchell 1823 [blue wildebeest]
Connochaetes tournoueri Thomas 1884
Invalid names: Oreonagor Thomas 1884 [synonym]
G. †Damalacra Gentry 1980
+
Damalacra acalla Gentry 1980
Damalacra neanica Gentry 1980
G. †Damalborea Gentry 2010
+
Damalborea elisabethae Gentry 2010
G. Damaliscus Sclater and Thomas 1894 [antelope]
+
Damaliscus ademassui Vrba 1997
Damaliscus agelaius Gentry and Gentry 1978
Damaliscus cuiculi Arambourg 1979
Damaliscus dorcas Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
Damaliscus eppsi Harris 1991
Damaliscus gentryi Vrba 1977
Damaliscus korrigum Ogilby 1837 [topi]
Damaliscus lunatus Burchell 1823 [common tsessebe]
Damaliscus pygargus Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
Damaliscus strepsiceras Geraads et al. 2004
G. †Maremmia Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
+
Maremmia haupti Major 1873
Maremmia lorenzi Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
G. †Numidocapra Arambourg 1949
+
Numidocapra crassicornis Arambourg 1949
Invalid names: Rabaticeras Ennouchi 1953 [synonym]
G. †Parmularius Hopwood 1934
+
Parmularius altidens Hopwood 1934
Parmularius ambiguus Pomel 1894
Parmularius angusticornis Schwarz 1937
Parmularius atlanticus Geraads and Amani 1998
Parmularius braini Vrba 1977
Parmularius pachyceras Geraads 2001
Parmularius pandatus Gentry 1987
Parmularius parvus Vrba 1978
Parmularius rugosus Leakey 1965
G. Sigmoceros Peters 1849
Invalid names: Damaliscina Vrba 1997 [empty]
Tr. Antilopini Gray 1821
+
G. Ammodorcas Thomas 1891
+
Ammodorcas clarkei Thomas 1891
G. Antidorcas Sundevall 1847 [springbok]
+
Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmerman 1780 [springbok]
Antidorcas marsupialis australis Hendey and Hendey 1968
G. Antilope Pallas 1766
+
Subg. Antilope (Pantholops) Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
Antilope arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
Antilope campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Antilope cervicapra Linnaeus 1758 [blackbuck]
Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
Antilope equina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
Antilope leptoceros Cuvier 1842
Antilope lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
Antilope lindermayeri Wagner 1848
Antilope ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
Antilope pallasi Wagner 1857
Antilope patulicornis Lydekker 1878
Antilope porrecticornis Lydekker 1878
Antilope sivalensis Lydekker 1878
G. Eudorcas Fitzinger 1869
+
Eudorcas rufifrons Gray 1846 [red-fronted gazelle]
Eudorcas thomsoni Gunther 1884 [Thomson's gazelle]
G. Nanger Lataste 1885 [gazelle]
+
Gazella (Nanger) dama mhorr Bennett 1833 [Mhorr gazelle]
Nanger dama Pallas 1766 [dama gazelle]
Nanger granti Brooke 1872 [Grant's gazelle]
Nanger soemmerringii Cretzschmar 1828 [Soemmerring's gazelle]
G. Procapra Hodgson 1846
+
Procapra gutturosa Pallas 1777
Procapra picticaudata Hodgson 1846
Invalid names: Prodorcas Pocock 1918 [synonym]
Tr. Caprini Gray 1821
+
+
Ammotragus lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
G. †Bouria Vrba 1997
+
Bouria anngettyae Vrba 1997
G. Budorcas Hodgson 1850 [takin]
+
Budorcas churcheri Gentry 1996
Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson 1850
G. Capra Linnaeus 1758 [goat]
+
Capra aegagrus Erxleben 1777 [wild goat]
Capra ammon Linnaeus 1758 [argali]
Capra caucasica Güldenstaedt and Pallas 1779
Capra falconeri Wagner 1839
Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758 [domestic goat]
+
Invalid names: Capra mambrica Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Capra ibex Linnaeus 1758 [Alpine ibex]
Capra nubiana Cuvier 1825
Capra perimensis Lydekker 1878
Capra primaeva Arambourg 1979
Capra pyrenaica Schinz 1838
Capra sibirica Pallas 1776
Capra sivalensis Lydekker 1878
G. Ovis Linnaeus 1758 [sheep]
+
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758 [domestic sheep]
+
Invalid names: Ovis guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Ovis strepsiceros Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Ovis canadensis Shaw 1804 [bighorn sheep]
+
Ovis canadensis auduboni Merriam 1901
Invalid names: Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw 1804 [synonym], Ovis canadensis cremnobates Elliot 1903 [synonym], Ovis catclawensis Hibbard and Wright 1956 [synonym], Ovis cervina Desmarest 1804 [synonym], Ovis montana Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Ovis pygarus Griffith 1827 [synonym]
Ovis dalli Nelson 1884 [Dall sheep]
Ovis dorshi Frick 1937
Ovis europea Kerr 1792
Ovis mamillaris Foster 1837
Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz 1829
Ovis shantungensis Mastumoto 1926
Ovis sheldoni Merriam 1916
Ovis vignei Blythe 1841
Invalid names: Ovis orientalis Gmelin 1774 [nomen nudum]
G. †Protovis Wang et al. 2016
+
Protovis himalayensis Wang et al. 2016
G. †Sinocapra Chen 1991
+
Sinocapra willdownsi Mead and Taylor 2005
Tr. Cephalophini Blyth 1863
+
G. Cephalophus Smith 1827 [duiker]
+
Cephalophus adersi Thomas 1918
Cephalophus dorsalis Gray 1849 [bay duiker]
Cephalophus harveyi Thomas 1893
Cephalophus monticola Thunberg 1789 [blue duiker]
Cephalophus ogilby Waterhouse 1838
Cephalophus rubidus Thomas 1901
Cephalophus sylvicultor Afzelius 1815 [yellow-backed duiker]
Cephalophus weynsi Thomas 1901
G. Philantomba Blkyth 1840
G. Sylvicapra Ogilby 1837 [duiker]
+
Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus 1758 [common duiker]
G. †Etruria Abbazzi et al. 2008
Tr. Hippotragini Sundevall 1845
+
G. Addax Laurillard 1841
+
Addax nasomaculatus de Blainville 1816
G. Hippotragus Sundevall 1845
+
Hippotragus bohlini Pilgrim 1939
Hippotragus cookei Vrba 1987
Hippotragus equinus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
Hippotragus gigas Leakey 1965
Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas 1766 [bluebuck]
Hippotragus niger Harris 1838 [sable antelope]
Hippotragus niro Hopwood 1936
Hippotragus priscus Arambourg 1979
G. Oryx de Blainville 1816 [oryx]
+
Oryx algazel Oken 1816
+
Invalid names: Antilope dammah Cretzschmar 1826 [synonym]
Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835 [East African oryx]
Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827
Oryx eleulmensis Arambourg 1979
Oryx gazella Linnaeus 1758 [gemsbok]
Oryx leucoryx Pallas 1777 [Arabian oryx]
+
Invalid names: Oryx beatrix Gray 1857 [synonym]
Oryx sivalensis Pilgrim 1939
G. †Praedamalis Dietrich 1950
+
Praedamalis deturi Dietrich 1950
Praedamalis howelli Vrba and Gatsey 1994
G. †Saheloryx Geraads et al. 2008
+
Saheloryx solidus Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Tchadotragus Geraads et al. 2008
+
Tchadotragus sudrei Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Homoiodorcas Thomas 1981
+
Homoiodorcas tugenium Thomas 1981
+
Litocranius walleri Brooke 1878
G. Nemorhoedus Smith 1827
+
Nemorhoedus palmeri Cragin 1899
Tr. †Neotragini Sclater and Thomas 1894
+
G. Dorcatragus Noack 1894
+
G. Madoqua Ogilby 1837 [dikdik]
+
Madoqua guentheri Thomas 1894 [Gunther's dik-dik]
Madoqua kirkii Gunther 1880
Madoqua phillipsi Thomas 1894
G. Neotragus Hamilton Smith 1827
+
Neotragus moschatus Von Dueben 1846 [suni]
Neotragus pygmaeus Linnaeus 1758 [royal antelope]
Invalid names: Tragulus Pallas 1767 [synonym], Tragulus Boddaert 1785 [synonym]
G. Oreotragus Smith 1834 [klipspringer]
+
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 [klipspringer]
+
Ourebia ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
G. Raphicerus Smith 1827
+
Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg 1811 [Cape grysbok]
Raphicerus paralius Gentry 1980
Raphicerus sharpei Thomas 1897 [Sharpe's grysbok]
G. †Tyrrhenotragus Thomas 1984
+
Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus Weithofer 1888
G. Pantholops Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
+
G. †Parantidorcas Arambourg 1979
+
Parantidorcas latifrons Arambourg 1979
Tr. †Peleini Gray 1872
+
G. Pelea Gray 1851
+
Pelea capreolus Forster 1790 [grey rhebok]
Tr. Reduncini Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
+
G. Kobus Smith 1840
+
Kobus barbarus Geraads and Amani 1998
Kobus basilcookei Vrba 2006
Kobus defassa Rüppell 1835 [Defassa waterbuck]
Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
Kobus kob Erxleben 1777 [kob]
Kobus korotorensis Geraads 2001
Kobus laticornis Harris 2003
Kobus leche Gray 1850
Kobus megaceros Fitzinger 1855
Kobus oricornus Gentry 1985
Kobus presigmoidalis Harris 2003
Kobus sigmoidalis Arambourg 1941
Kobus subdolus Gentry 1980
Kobus tchadensis Gerrads 2001
Kobus vardoni Livingstone 1857
G. †Menelikia Arambourg 1941
+
Menelikia leakeyi Harris 1991
Menelikia lyrocera Arambourg 1941
G. Redunca Smith 1827 [reedbuck]
+
Redunca ancystrocera Arambourg 1947
Redunca arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
Redunca darti Wells and Cooke 1956
Redunca eulmensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 [mountain reedbuck]
Redunca khroumirensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca redunca Hamilton Smith 1827 [bohor reedbuck]
G. †Sivacobus Pilgrim 1939
+
Sivacobus palaeindicus Lydekker 1885
Sivacobus sankaliai Vrba et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gangicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Hydaspicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Indoredunca Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Sivadenota Pligrim 1939 [synonym], Vishnucobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym]
G. †Thaleroceros Reck 1935
+
G. †Zephyreduncinus Vrba and Haile-Selassie 2006
+
Zephyreduncinus oundagaisus Verba and Haile- Selassie 2006
G. †Urmiatherium Rodler 1888
+
Urmiatherium kassandriensis Lazaridis et al. 2017
Urmiatherium rugosifrons Sickenberg 1932
Invalid names: Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser 1976 [nomen nudum], Pantholopini [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Holocene or 13.82000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.62 Ma

Collections (829 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France Antilope cristata (200296)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Aepyceros sp. (22365 22371) Alcelaphini indet. (22384) Kobus sp. (22385 22399)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Tanzania Alcelaphini indet. (22150)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Antidorcas sp., Raphicerus sp., Antilopini indet., Connochaetes taurinus, Antidorcas australis, Kobus porrecticornis (22229) Damalacra acalla (22232) Damalacra neanica, Parmularius angusticornis (22224) Damaliscus sp., Oreotragus sp., Redunca sp. (22220)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Redunca ancystrocera (22230)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117Ethiopia Aepyceros sp. (22128)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Homoiodorcas sp. (21855)
Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene15.97 - 0.781Netherlands Capra hircus, Ovis aries (189573)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine (Cherson) Procapra sp. (60256)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine Antilope sp. (75788)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Cephalophini indet. (22320) Homoiodorcas tugenium (22287 22295 22297) Reduncini indet. (22292)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62China (shaanxi) Antilopinae indet. (42851)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Antilopini indet. (35281) Antilopini spp. (35277)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Pakistan (Sind) Antilopinae indet. (71441)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy Maremmia lorenzi, Neotragini indet., Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus, Etruria viallii (92904)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246India (Gujarat) Capra perimensis (203112)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy (Tuscany) Tyrrhenotragus sp. (190848)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Hippotragus sp., Madoqua sp., Raphicerus sp., Hippotragini indet., Reduncini indet., Alcelaphini indet., Damalacra sp. A, Damalacra sp. B, Aepyceros premelampus, Kobus presigmoidalis, Menelikia leakeyi (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Hippotragini indet., Alcelaphini indet. (22179) Kobus sp., Madoqua sp., Raphicerus sp., Hippotragini indet., Reduncini indet., Kobus porrecticornis, Kobus subdolus (22139) Kobus subdolus (22158)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Kenya Aepyceros sp., Antilope sp., Damaliscus sp., Kobus elliptica, Kobus sp., Redunca sp., Redunca ancystrocera (22236)