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Carcharodon (white shark)
Taxonomy
Carcharodon was named by Smith (1838) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 884]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Carcharodontinae by Hay (1902); to Carchariidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919); to Isuridae by Arambourg (1927), Weiler (1938) and Rapp (1946); to Carcharodontidae by Jordan and Hanibal (1923), Herman (1977), Applegate and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (1996) and Donovan and Gunter (2001); to Lamniformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lamnidae by Davis (1888), Woodward (1889), Ameghino (1901), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Eastman (1904), Andrews (1906), Chapman (1918), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), White (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1958), Jordan (1963), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Martin (1996), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Gottfried and Fordyce (2000), Gottfried and Fordyce (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea (2003), Compagno (2005), Marsili et al. (2007), Adnet et al. (2009), Ehret et al. (2009), Cione et al. (2012), Ehret et al. (2012), Maisch et al. (2014), Kent (2018), Cantalice et al. (2019) and Villafaña et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Carcharodontinae by Hay (1902); to Carchariidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919); to Isuridae by Arambourg (1927), Weiler (1938) and Rapp (1946); to Carcharodontidae by Jordan and Hanibal (1923), Herman (1977), Applegate and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (1996) and Donovan and Gunter (2001); to Lamniformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lamnidae by Davis (1888), Woodward (1889), Ameghino (1901), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Eastman (1904), Andrews (1906), Chapman (1918), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), White (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1958), Jordan (1963), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Martin (1996), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Gottfried and Fordyce (2000), Gottfried and Fordyce (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea (2003), Compagno (2005), Marsili et al. (2007), Adnet et al. (2009), Ehret et al. (2009), Cione et al. (2012), Ehret et al. (2012), Maisch et al. (2014), Kent (2018), Cantalice et al. (2019) and Villafaña et al. (2020).
Species
C. (Procarcharodon), C. acutidens, C. arnoldi (syn. C. riversi), C. auriculatus (syn. C. robustus), C. branneri, C. carcharias (syn. Carcharias productus, Carcharias sulcidens, C. caifassi, C. rondeleti, C. etruscus), C. contortidens, C. debrayi, C. disauris, C. escheri, C. hastalis (syn. Isurus smithii, Oxyrhina trigonodon, Oxyrhina lata, Oxyrhina acuminata, Oxyrhina tumula), C. heterodon, C. hubbelli, C. humilis, C. lanceolatus, C. lanciformis, C. leptodon, C. leviathan, C. megalotis, C. morricei, C. mortoni, C. nodai, C. orientalis, C. purplei, C. semiserratus, C. subauriculatus, C. subserratus, C. tembloris, C. toliapicus, C. turgidus
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1838 | Carcharodon Smith |
1847 | Carcharodon Gibbes p. 142 |
1888 | Carcharodon Davis p. 8 |
1889 | Carcharodon Woodward p. 410 |
1901 | Carcharodon Ameghino p. 83 |
1902 | Carcharodon Hay p. 307 |
1904 | Carcharodon Chapman and Pritchard p. 283 |
1904 | Carcharodon Eastman p. 82 |
1906 | Carcharodon Andrews p. 319 |
1918 | Carcharodon Chapman p. 18 |
1919 | Carcharodon Jordan and Gilbert p. 22 |
1923 | Carcharodon Jordan and Hanibal p. 53 |
1924 | Carcharodon Chapman and Cudmore p. 133 |
1926 | Carcharodon White p. 12 |
1927 | Carcharodon Arambourg p. 224 |
1938 | Carcharodon Weiler p. 8 |
1942 | Carcharodon Leriche p. 35 |
1946 | Carcharodon Rapp p. 510 |
1958 | Carcharodon Casier p. 70 |
1960 | Procarcharodon Casier |
1963 | Carcharodon Jordan p. 599 |
1977 | Carcharodon Herman p. 166 |
1980 | Procarcharodon Case |
1981 | Procarcharodon Case p. 56 |
1983 | Carcharodon Bendix-Almgreen p. 2 |
1987 | Procarcharodon Kumar and Loyal p. 63 |
1996 | Carcharodon Applegate and Espinosa-Arrubarrena p. 25 |
1996 | Carcharodon Martin p. 51 |
1998 | Carcharodon Yabe and Hirayama p. 41 |
2000 | Carcharodon Gottfried and Fordyce p. 731 |
2001 | Carcharodon Donovan and Gunter p. 212 |
2001 | Carcharodon Gottfried and Fordyce |
2001 | Carcharodon Purdy et al. p. 123 |
2002 | Carcharodon Sepkoski |
2003 | Carcharodon Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea p. 123 |
2005 | Carcharodon Compagno |
2007 | Carcharodon Marsili et al. p. 36 |
2009 | Carcharodon Adnet et al. p. 10 |
2009 | Carcharodon Ehret et al. p. 3 |
2012 | Carcharodon Cione et al. p. 169 figs. Fig. 6 |
2012 | Carcharodon Ehret et al. p. 1145 |
2014 | Carcharodon Maisch et al. p. 188 |
2018 | Carcharodon Kent p. 71 |
2019 | Carcharodon Cantalice et al. p. 431 |
2020 | Carcharodon Villafaña et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Carcharodon Smith 1838 [white shark]
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Subg. †Carcharodon (Procarcharodon) Thurmond and Jones 1981
†Carcharodon acutidens Gibbes 1847
†Carcharodon branneri Jordan 1907
Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus 1758 [great white shark]
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Invalid names: Carcharias productus Agassiz 1838 [synonym], Carcharias sulcidens Agassiz 1835 [synonym], Carcharodon caifassi Lawley 1876 [synonym], Carcharodon etruscus Lawley 1881 [synonym], Carcharodon rondeleti Muller and Henle 1841 [synonym]
Carcharodon contortidens Emmons 1858
†Carcharodon debrayi Leriche 1906
†Carcharodon disauris Agassiz 1835
†Carcharodon escheri Agassiz 1843
†Carcharodon hastalis Agassiz 1838
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†Isurus hastalis trigonodon van de Geyn 1937
Invalid names: Isurus smithii Jordan 1907 [synonym], Oxyrhina acuminata Davis 1888 [synonym], Oxyrhina lata Davis 1888 [synonym], Oxyrhina trigonodon Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Oxyrhina tumula Agassiz 1856 [synonym]
†Carcharodon heterodon Agassiz 1835
†Carcharodon hubbelli Ehret et al. 2012
†Carcharodon humilis Koch 1904
†Carcharodon lanceolatus Agassiz 1838
†Carcharodon lanciformis Gibbes 1847
†Carcharodon leptodon Agassiz 1835
†Carcharodon leviathan Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Carcharodon megalotis Agassiz 1835
†Carcharodon morricei Jordan 1926
†Carcharodon mortoni Gibbes 1847
†Carcharodon nodai Yabumoto 1989
†Carcharodon orientalis Sinzow 1899
†Carcharodon purplei Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Carcharodon semiserratus Agassiz 1839
†Carcharodon subauriculatus Agassiz 1839
†Carcharodon subserratus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharodon tembloris Jordan 1926
†Carcharodon toliapicus Agassiz 1839
†Carcharodon turgidus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Procarcharodon Casier 1960 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Collections (339 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Campanian | New Zealand (South Island) | Carcharodon auriculatus (101382) | |
Paleocene | USA (Virginia) | Carcharodon sp. (84049) | |
Cenozoic | New Zealand (North Island) | Carcharodon auriculatus (204175) | |
Cenozoic | New Zealand (South Island) | Carcharodon robustus (204194) | |
Cenozoic | USA (Alabama) | Carcharocles auriculatus (228143) | |
Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Isurus hastalis (3113) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Virginia) | Oxyrhina hastalis (84048) | |
Clarkforkian | USA (South Carolina) | Carcharodon orientalis (15074) | |
Casamayoran | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Carcharodon sp., Carcharodon auriculatus (50067) | |
Ypresian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Procarcharodon sp. (31267) | |
Ypresian | USA (Maryland) | Carcharodon auriculatus (55255) Carcharodon sp. (81880) | |
Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | Carcharodon sp. (91123) | |
Eocene | Japan (Fukuoka) | Carcharodon auriculatus, Carcharodon nodai (161438) | |
Waipawan | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | Carcharodon auriculatus (52450) | |
Lutetian | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Carcharocles auriculatus (120885) | |
Lutetian | Nigeria | Carcharodon debrayi (60711) | |
Lutetian | Jamaica | Carcharodon sp. (77041) | |
Lutetian | Germany | Carcharodon auriculatus, Procarcharodon auriculatus (121968) | |
Lutetian | Japan (Fukuoka) | Carcharodon nodai (168601) | |
Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Procarcharodon auriculatus (41989) |