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Pachycormidae

Osteichthyes - Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Sauroidei Agassiz
1859Sauroidei Owen p. 126
1863Sauroidei Wagner
1877Erisichtheidae Cope p. 822
1892Protosphyraenidae Cope
1895Pachycormidae Woodward
1902Pachycormidae Hay p. 378
1923Pachycormidae Gregory p. 228
1960Pachycormidae Gardiner p. 370
1963Pachycormidae Jordan p. 615
1970Pachycormidae Applegate p. 403
1977Pachycormidae Patterson and Rosen p. 163
1981Pachycormidae Thurmond and Jones p. 86
1997Pachycormidae Delsate p. 129
2006Pachycormidae Shimada et al. p. 23
2010Pachycormidae Friedman et al. p. S33
2012Pachycormidae Friedman p. 945
2016Pachycormidae Nelson et al. p. 127
2020Pachycormidae Amalfitano et al. p. 275
2020Pachycormidae Maxwell et al. p. 432

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—AspidorhyncheiNelson et al. 2016
orderPachycormiformesBerg 1940
familyPachycormidaeWoodward 1895
familyPachycormidaeWoodward 1895

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Pachycormidae Woodward 1895
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Subfm. †Asthenocorminae Cooper et al. 2022
+
G. †Asthenocormus Woodward 1895
+
G. †Bonnerichthys Friedman 2010
+
†Bonnerichthys gladius Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Protosphyraena gigas Stewart 1899 [synonym]
G. †Germanostomus Cooper et al. 2022
+
†Germanostomus pectopteri Cooper et al. 2022
G. †Leedsichthys Woodward 1889
+
†Leedsichthys problematicus Woodward 1889
Invalid names: Leedsia Woodward 1890 [objective synonym]
G. †Martillichthys Liston 2008
G. †Ohmdenia Hauff 1953
+
†Ohmdenia multidentata Hauff 1953
G. †Pachycormus Agassiz 1833
+
†Pachycormus gracilis Agassiz 1833
†Pachycormus macropomus Agassiz 1843
†Pachycormus macropterus de Blainville 1818
+
Invalid names: Pachycormus acutirostris Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Pachycormus curtus Agassiz 1839 [synonym], Pachycormus elongatus Sauvage 1875 [synonym], Pachycormus latus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Uraeus gracilis Agassiz 1832 [synonym]
†Pachycormus macrurus Agassiz 1839
G. †Rhinconichthys Friedman et al. 2010
+
†Rhinconichthys taylori Friedman et al. 2010
G. †Saurostomus Agassiz 1833
+
†Saurostomus esocinus Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Caturus gigas Sauvage 1891 [synonym], Eugnathus giganteus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Lycodus gigas Quenstedt 1858 [synonym], Pachycormus bollensis Quenstedt 1858 [synonym], Pachycormus latirostris Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Pachycormus westermani Winkler 1878 [synonym]
Invalid names: Lycodus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Eugnathides Gregory 1923
+
†Eugnathides browni Gregory 1923
G. †Euthynotus Agassiz 1843
+
†Euthynotus incognitus Blainville 1818
+
Invalid names: Thrissops micropodius Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Euthynotus intermedius Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Caturus cotteaui Sauvage 1875 [synonym], Euthynotus speciosus Wagner 1860 [synonym], Parathrissops milloti Sauvage 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Parathrissops Sauvage 1891 [synonym]
Subfm. †Hypsocorminae Vetter 1881
+
G. †Hypsocormus Wagner 1860
+
†Hypsocormus insignis Wagner 1860
†Hypsocormus posterodorsalis Maxwell et al. 2020
†Hypsocormus tenuirostris Woodward 1889
G. †Kaykay Gouiric-Cavalli and Arratia 2022
G. †Orthocormus Weitzel 1930
+
†Orthocormus cornutus Weitzel 1930
†Orthocormus roeperi Arratia and Schultze 2013
†Orthocormus tyleri Lambers 1988
G. †Protosphyraena Leidy 1857
+
†Protosphyraena bentoniana Stewart 1898
†Protosphyraena ferox Leidy 1857
†Protosphyraena gibberula Agassiz 1837
+
Invalid names: Ptychodus arcuatus Agassiz 1837 [synonym]
†Protosphyraena nitida Cope 1873
†Protosphyraena tenuirostris Woodward 1895
†Protosphyraena tenuis Loomis 1900
†Protosphyraena terminalis Kanarkina et al. 2025
Invalid names: Australopachycormus Kear 2007 [synonym]
G. †Simocormus Maxwell et al. 2020
+
†Simocormus macrolepidotus Maxwell et al. 2020
Invalid names: Hypsocormus macrodon Wagner 1863 [nomen dubium]
G. †Notodectes Dolgopol de Sáez 1949
+
†Notodectes argentinus Dolgopol de Sáez 1949
+
†Prosauropsis elongatus Sauvage 1875
G. †Sauropsis Agassiz 1832
+
†Sauropsis latus Agassiz 1832
†Sauropsis longimanus Agassiz 1833
†Sauropsis woodwardi Gregory 1923
Invalid names: Protosphyraenidae Cope 1892 [synonym], Sauroidei Agassiz 1832 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoref
Created: 2009-07-20 21:09:52
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:09:52
Source: f = family, o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 205.70000 to 66.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.4 Ma

Collections (114 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Hypsocormus sp. (22684)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Italy (Lombardy) Pachycormus sp. (90436)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9France Elops macropterus, Pachycormus macropterus, Pachycormus curtus (122732) Pachycormus curtus (122733) Pachycormus curtus, Saurostomus esocinus (122735) Pachycormus macropterus, Pachycormus curtus (122731) Pachycormus sp. (122736)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Luxembourg Pachycormus macropterus (233565)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Ohmdenia multidentata (132361) Pachycormus macropterus (91672)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany Elops macropterus, Pachycormus curtus, Saurostomus esocinus, Esox incognitus (122170)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9France Caturus gigas, Caturus cotteaui, Parathrissops milloti, Pachycormus elongatus (122734)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9Germany Saurostomus esocinus, Germanostomus pectopteri (228286) Saurostomus sp., Saurostomus esocinus, Germanostomus pectopteri (139759)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9United Kingdom (England) Pachycormus sp., Pachycormus macropterus, Saurostomus esocinus (132646)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9Luxembourg (Mondercange) Pachycormus macropterus (224066 233563)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9Luxembourg Pachycormus macropterus (233564) Saurostomus sp., Saurostomus esocinus (228290)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Saurostomus esocinus (91658)
Tenuicostatum184.2 - 182.9Italy Pachycormus sp. (190202)
Tenuicostatum184.2 - 182.9Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Saurostomus esocinus (122460 228287 228288 228289) Saurostomus sp., Saurostomus esocinus (228291)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7United Kingdom Elops macropterus (132036) Pachycormus curtus (131929)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7France Poisson indet. (122738)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7Germany Elops macropterus, Pachycormus curtus (131924) Elops macropterus, Pachycormus curtus, Sauropsis latus (122169) Euthynotus incognitus (138749) Saurostomus esocinus (132037)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7Germany (Würtemberg) Elops macropterus, Pachycormus curtus, Saurostomus esocinus, Sauropsis latus (122171)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7United Kingdom (England) Pachycormus curtus, Pachycormus acutirostris (122372) Pachycormus curtus, Saurostomus esocinus, Pachycormus acutirostris (122167 122373)
Middle Bathonian168.2 - 165.3France Leedsichthys sp. (174569)
Callovian165.3 - 161.5United Kingdom (England) Leedsichthys sp. (149242 149243)
Early/Lower Callovian165.3 - 161.5France Leedsichthys sp. (174570)
Early/Lower Callovian165.3 - 161.5Chile (Antofagasta) Pachycormus sp. (170680)
Middle Callovian165.3 - 161.5United Kingdom (England) Pachycormidae indet. (149245) Pachycormus macropomus, Leedsia problematica (133067)
Late/Upper Callovian - Middle Oxfordian165.3 - 157.9France (Basse Normandie) Leedsichthys problematicus (174568)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Chile Hypsocormus sp. (215835)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Chile (Antofagasta) Pachycormus sp. (172175)
Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian161.5 - 149.2Cuba (Pinar del Rio) Sauropsis woodwardi (278859)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21Cuba (Cienfuegos) Eugnathides browni (278860)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2France (Aquitaine) Hypsocormus n. sp. (94532)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Hypsocormus macrodon (154138) Orthocormus sp., Pachycormidae indet., Hypsocormus posterodorsalis (41817)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Eastern Bavaria) Orthocormus roeperi (187436)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Land Bayern) Sauropsis longimana, Eugnathus titanius, Hypsocormus insignis (137801)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Mexico (Coahuila) Pachycormidae indet. (104859)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bavaria) Hypsocormus sp. (130762)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Pachycormidae indet. (35262)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Argentina (Mendoza) Notodectes argentinus (137136)
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Japan (Ishikawa) Pachycormidae indet. (32324 50357)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57United Kingdom (England) Protosphyraena sp. (241457)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5United Kingdom (England) Protosphyraena ferox (94253)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Russian Federation Protosphyraena gibberula (239000 239001)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9France (Poitou-Charentes) Protosphyraena sp. (73862)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Russian Federation (Kursk) Protosphyraena ferox, Protosphyraena tenuirostris (239002)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (South Dakota) Protosphyraena sp. (117819)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Italy Protosphyraena ferox (214600)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Spain (Asturias) Protosphyraena sp. (98396)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena sp. (213416 213418 213419)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Colorado) Protosphyraena sp. (132505)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena sp. (83071 94538 277286)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Nebraska) Protosphyraena sp. (239336)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Colorado) Protosphyraena sp. (35429 213403)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Protosphyraena sp. (22731 52997)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8United Kingdom (England) Protosphyraena ferox, Rhinconichthys taylori (238510)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Czechia Protosphyraena ferox (213123)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Nebraska) Protosphyraena sp. (213389)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena sp. (213387)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Czechia Protosphyraena ferox (242199)
Turonian - Coniacian93.9 - 85.7USA (Texas) Protosphyraena sp. (107425)
Early/Lower Coniacian89.8 - 85.7USA (Texas) Protosphyraena perniciosa (241388)
Early/Lower Coniacian89.8 - 85.7Nigeria Protosphyraena sp. (277359)
Late/Upper Coniacian89.8 - 85.7USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena nitida, Protosphyraena perniciosa (277363)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6France (Somme) Protosphyraena ferox (141941)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena sp. (241665)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Alabama) Protosphyraena sp., Protosphyraena nitida (81928)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Protosphyraena tenuis (94652)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Russian Federation (Orenburg) Protosphyraena sp. (232890)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.7 - 72.2USA (Alabama) Protosphyraena sp. (81931 81972)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skåne) Protosphyraena sp. (74334 74335 102883)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Alabama) Protosphyraena sp. (81930)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Manitoba) Protosphyraena sp. (36707)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (North Carolina) Protosphyraena sp. (128412)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Chile (Valparaíso) Pachycormidae indet. (124311)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Protosphyraena sp. (213580 213582 213585 213589 213593 213618 213620)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Belgium Protosphyraena terminalis (239003)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Delaware) Bonnerichthys gladius (125954)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Jordan Protosphyraena libyea (36256)