PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cassis

Gastropoda - Cassidae

Taxonomy

Cassis was named by Scopoli (1777) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 614]. It is extant.

It was corrected as Cassinea by Rafinesque (1815); it was replaced with Cassisoma by Rovereto (1899).

It was assigned to Gastropoda by Rafinesque (1815); to Cassididae by Schenck (1926), Mukerjee (1939), Abbass (1967); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Cassidae by Ladd (1977), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2004); to Cassinae by Wilson (1993), Beu (2005); and to Cassinae by Beu (2010).

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. abbreviatus, C. achatina, C. ambigua, C. calentica, C. elegans, C. globosa, C. inornatus, C. jameshoubricki, C. mammilaris, C. mombasana, C. nilotica, C. postmamillaris, C. postmamillaris, C. saburon, C. salisburyensis, C. schnirei, C. striata, C. strigata, C. sulcata, C. tessellata, C. testiculus, C. togata, C. umbgrovei, C. undulata

Synonyms

Cassidea was named by Bruguière (1792). It is extant.

It was reranked as Phalium (Cassidea) by Schenck (1926); it was synonymized subjectively with Cassis by Beu (2005).

It was assigned to Phalium by Schenck (1926).
Goniogalea was named by Morch (1857). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cassis by Beu (2005).
Nannocassis was named by Iredale (1927). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cassis by Beu (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1777	Cassis Scopoli
1792	Cassidea Bruguière p. 414
1815	Cassinea Rafinesque p. 45
1857	Goniogalea Morch p. 21
1926	Cassis Schenck p. 74
1926	Phalium (Cassidea) Schenck p. 77
1927	Nannocassis Iredale p. 322
1939	Cassis Mukerjee p. 50
1967	Cassis Abbass p. 83
1977	Cassis Ladd p. 31
1993	Cassis Wilson p. 229
2001	Cassis Todd
2002	Cassis Sepkoski
2004	Cassis Harzhauser p. 133
2005	Cassis Beu p. 33
2010	Cassis Beu

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
superfamily	Tonnoidea	(Suter 1913)
family	Cassidae	Latreille 1825
subfamily	Cassinae	Latreille 1825
genus	Cassis	Scopoli 1777

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cassis Scopoli 1777

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†Cassidea mamillaris pedemontana Sacco 1890

Subg. Cassis (Cassis) Scopoli 1777

†Cassis (Cassis) anwari Abbass 1967

Subg. Cassis (Hypocassis) Iredale 1927

Subg. †Cassis (Morionella) Dall 1909

†Cassis (Morionella) verrucosa Perry 1810

Invalid names: Cassis cancellata Lamarck 1803 [synonym]

Subg. Cassis (Sassia) Bellardi 1872

†Cassis (Sassia) yehiai Abbass 1967

†Cassis altispira Beu 2010

†Cassis avellana Brongniart 1822

†Cassis birmanica Vredenburg 1921

†Cassis brevicostatus Conrad 1834

†Cassis carinata Bruguière 1792

Cassis cornuta Linnaeus 1758

†Cassis costulifera Beu 2010

†Cassis delta Parker 1948

†Cassis depressior Martin 1879

†Cassis fimbriata Quoy 1833

Cassis flammea Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Cassis alba Perry 1811 [synonym], Cassis marmorata Röding 1798 [synonym]

†Cassis flintensis Mansfield 1940

†Cassis floridensis Tucker and Wilson 1932

Invalid names: Cassis schnireli Petuch 1994 [synonym]

†Cassis glaucoides Martin 1879

†Cassis herklotsi Martin 1879

†Cassis ketteri Parodiz and Tripp 1992

†Cassis maccormacki Olsson 1928

Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck 1822

Invalid names: Cassis cameo Stimpson 1860 [invalid subgroup], Cassis spinella Clench 1944 [synonym]

†Cassis mamillaris Grateloup 1847

†Cassidea mamillaris nummultiphila Sacco 1890

†Cassis mammillaris Grateloup 1927

Cassis norai Prati Musetti 1995

†Cassis nummulitiphila Sacco 1890

†Cassis retusa Michelotti 1861

†Cassis subtuberosa Hanna 1926

†Cassis sulcifera Sowerby 1850

†Cassis togata White 1887

Cassis tuberosa Linnaeus 1758

†Cassis vialensis Fuchs 1870

†Phalium brevicostatum creolum Harris and Palmer 1947

Invalid names: Cassidea Bruguière 1792 [synonym], Goniogalea Morch 1857 [synonym], Nannocassis Iredale 1927 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 07:59:15

Modified:

2009-09-10 09:59:15

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 66.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (222 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	C. sp. (8019)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	C. sp. (63516)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	United Kingdom (England)	C. striata (8025 76601)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Mississippi)	Phalium brevicostatum (99673)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Egypt	C. sp. (76988)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Haiti	C. sp. (60569 60570)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Texas)	Phalium brevicostatum (90455)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	France	C. cancellata (171526 184116 184134) C. carinata (184107)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Indonesia (Central Java)	C. mammillaris (179075)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	Egypt (Quseir)	C. nilotica (3300)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	Indonesia	C. glaucoides, C. herklotsi (70102) C. mammillaris (78745) C. umbgrovei, C. sp. (79524)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Mississippi)	Phalium brevicostatum (2434 2436 2438 2444 2446 2449 2451 90706 90707 90708 90709 91050 99734 99736 99755 205508 232677)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France	C. calentica, C. mammillaris, C. cancellata (78567)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (North Carolina)	C. sp. (5436 5437)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Louisiana)	Phalium brevicostatum (91115 92381 92386 98787)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Alabama)	Phalium brevicostatum (2441 2453 2454)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Texas)	Phalium brevicostatum (205264 205410 205429 205480 205481 205485)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Egypt	C. anwari (2960)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Croatia	Cassidaria cancellata (124308)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Somalia	C. nilotica (78566)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Peru (Piura)	Cassidea maccormacki (88392)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Italy	C. ambigua, C. mammillaris (78565) C. sp. (78617)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Jamaica	C. sp. (111546)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Georgia)	C. globosa (60824 60828) C. inornatus (60825) C. sulcifera (60831 60833 60835)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Florida)	C. flintensis (35013) C. sp. (41197)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Somalia	C. nummulitiphila (79042 79059) C. retusa, C. nummulitiphila (79048)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	France (Landes)	C. elegans (176463)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Florida)	C. sp. (60665)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Myanmar	Cassidea birmanica (76590)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Pakistan	Cassidea mamillaris (77159)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Mississippi)	C. flintensis (5943 5953)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Georgia)	C. flintensis (205832)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Middle Miocene	33.9 - 11.63	Haiti	C. sulcifera (173459)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Myanmar	Cassidea birmanica (76588)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Trinidad and Tobago	C. sulcifera (93368)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Somalia	C. sp. (78901)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Pakistan	Cassidea mamillaris (77167)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	India	C. birmanica (76573)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Jamaica	C. sp. (111548)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Northern Mariana Islands	C. cornuta (77942) C. sp. (43365)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Cuba	Cassidea sulcifera (75313)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Florida)	C. delta (35018)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	France	C. mamillaris (70191 74868)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Venezuela (Falcon)	C. sulcifera (136467 136469)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Italy	C. mammilaris (178116)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Austria	C. sp. (146523)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Hungary	C. postmamillaris (191165)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	USA (Maryland)	C. sp. (79114)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	Greece	C. postmamillaris (72305)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Dominican Republic	C. sulcifera (58816 58817 74912 74934 93686 94141 99854 131371 131513 131516 131517)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Greece	C. postmamillaris (72310)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama (Darien)	C. altispira (136007)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Venezuela	C. sulcifera (96470 130976)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Trinidad and Tobago	C. tuberosa (81976)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)	C. achatina, C. mombasana (41473)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Fiji	C. cornuta (78062)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	C. sp. (74915 74957) C. sulcifera (58867 58869)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Australia (South Australia)	C. salisburyensis (63431 63432 63433 63437 63442)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Ecuador (Esmeraldas)	C. altispira (136317)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Panama (Colon)	C. sp. (79855)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	C. altispira (90619) C. sulcifera (75041 75042 84952 84960 84965 84974 84986 89540 89557 89559 89564 93601 93606 93652 93687 93716 93996 94000 94006 94099 94106 131374 131494 131497 131645 131655 131658 131659 131661 131664 131666)
Messinian - Zanclean	7.246 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. sulcifera (74911 74966 74967 75036 75037 75038 75039 75040 75043 89541 89542 90595)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Venezuela (Sucre)	C. madagascariensis (41554)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ecuador (Esmeraldas)	C. altispira (111211) C. subtuberosa (41762)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. sulcifera (58815 58819 58820 58821 58822 58823)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Venezuela	C. flammea (131317)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	C. abbreviatus (44022)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	USA (California)	C. subtuberosa (96539 96547)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. sp. (74965) C. sulcata, C. sulcifera (80136) C. sulcifera (74961 74968 80084 90620 93733 93737 93852 94102 131639 131640)
Zanclean - Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. sulcifera (93655)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (Florida)	C. floridensis (79959 79960) C. ketteri (79874 92624)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Venezuela	C. madagascariensis, C. altispira (131210) C. tuberosa, C. flammea (131363)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Jamaica	C. altispira, C. costulifera (131915) C. costulifera (131129 131130) C. costulifera, C. sulcifera (58522)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica	C. altispira (92575 92697 96519)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Australia (Western Australia)	C. fimbriata (63353)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica	C. costulifera (131307) C. sulcifera (134652)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	C. altispira (136461) C. costulifera (135864)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas)	C. sp. (79983)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Dominican Republic	C. flammea (136271)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Angola	C. tessellata (152645)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	C. jameshoubricki, C. schnirei (79747)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Kenya	C. cornuta (81099)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Morocco	C. undulata (127595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan (Ryukyu)	C. cornuta (41606)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. madagascariensis (96538) C. spinella (79739)