PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tonopahella

Artiopoda - Ptychopariida - Ptychopariidae

Taxonomy

Tonopahella was named by Sundberg and McCollum (2003). Its type is Tonopahella goldfieldensis.

It was assigned to Ptychopariina by Sundberg and McCollum (2003); and to Ptychopariidae by Handkamer et al. (2022).

Species

T. goldfieldensis (type species), T. walcotti

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
2003	Tonopahella Sundberg and McCollum pp. 980-981
2022	Tonopahella Handkamer et al. pp. 42- 43

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843

Rank	Name	Author
class	Artiopoda	Hou and Bergstrom
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
subclass	Libristoma
order	Ptychopariida	Swinnerton 1915
family	Ptychopariidae	Matthew 1887
genus	Tonopahella

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Tonopahella Sundberg and McCollum 2003

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†Tonopahella goldfieldensis Sundberg and McCollum 2003

†Tonopahella walcotti Sundberg and McCollum 2000

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
F. A. Sundberg and L.B. McCollum 2003	"Cranidia with glabella with deep axial furrows that bow inwards in outline, and S1 and S2 lateral glabellar furrows moderately deep. Palpebral lobes slightly upturned and modrately long (averages 40-45 per cent glabellar lenght). Ocular ridge directed slightly posterolaterally (averages 75-80 degrees). Anterior border level; border furrow shallow to moderately shallow; weakly curved, and interborder furrow absent. Anterior branches of facial suture slightly bowed. Fixigena with anterior area slightly downsloping; posterior area of moderate width (with averages 75-90 per cent glabellar lenght),moderately short (averages 35-40 of basal glabellar lenght); lateral extension of posterior branches not parallel. Librigenae with border area having triangular cross-section, genal spine moderately long, straight, and with moderately wide base. Thoracic segments with well-developed fulcrum, short pleural spines. Pygidia with pleural furrows weakly developed; anterolateral corners rounded, no pygidial spines or lobes. Pustules absent."

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Composition 2:

chitinc

Entire body:

yesf

Adult length:

10 to < 100f

Ontogeny:

molting, addition of partsc

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingc

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalc

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

well-developedg

Created:

2010-01-13 05:00:34

Modified:

2010-01-13 07:00:34

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Hendy 2009, Whittington et al. 1997, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Solvan to the top of the Delamaran or 508.20000 to 505.30000 Ma

Collections (30 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	Canada (Northwest Territory)	T. sp. indet., T. goldfieldensis, T. walcotti (240006) T. walcotti (239992 239994 240008)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (Nevada)	Kochina walcotti (10587) T. goldfieldensis (69400 69406 69408 69410 69412 69414 69419 69429 69442 69456 69474 69476 69477 69478 69480)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (California)	T. goldfieldensis (69498 69511) T. walcotti (69497 69504)
Solvan	508.2 - 504.5	USA (Nevada)	Kochina walcotti (9219 9235 9236 9237 9251 9261)