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Ciconia
Taxonomy
Ciconia was named by Brisson (1760). It is extant. It is the type genus of Ciconiidae, Ciconioidea, Ciconiinae.
It was assigned to Ciconiinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); and to Ciconiidae by Lambrecht (1933), Howard (1972), Bickart (1990), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Louchart et al. (2008), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Nguyen (2020) and Tambussi et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Ciconiinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); and to Ciconiidae by Lambrecht (1933), Howard (1972), Bickart (1990), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Louchart et al. (2008), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Nguyen (2020) and Tambussi et al. (2023).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1760 | Ciconia Brisson |
| 1930 | Ciconia Hay p. 296 |
| 1933 | Ciconia Lambrecht p. 323 |
| 1940 | Ciconia Wetmore p. 17 |
| 1956 | Ciconia Wetmore p. 22 |
| 1972 | Ciconia Howard p. 8 |
| 1990 | Ciconia Bickart p. 11 |
| 2001 | Ciconia Olson and Rasmussen p. 295 |
| 2002 | Ciconia Mlikovsky p. 101 |
| 2008 | Ciconia Louchart et al. p. 156 |
| 2017 | Ciconia Clements et al. |
| 2020 | Ciconia Worthy and Nguyen p. 89 |
| 2023 | Ciconia Tambussi et al. p. 269 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ciconia Brisson 1760
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Ciconia abdimii Lichtenstein 1823 [Abdim's stork]
Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe 1873 [oriental stork]
Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus 1758 [white stork]
Ciconia episcopus Boddaert 1783 [Asian woollyneck]
†Ciconia gaudryi Lambrecht 1933
†Ciconia kahli Haarhoff 1988
†Ciconia louisebolesae Boles 2005
†Ciconia lydekkeri Ameghino 1889
Ciconia maguari Gmelin 1789 [Maguari stork]
†Ciconia maltha Miller 1910 [asphalt stork]
Ciconia microscelis Gray 1848 [African woollyneck]
†Ciconia nana De Vis 1888
Ciconia nigra Linnaeus 1758 [black stork]
†Ciconia sarmatica Grigorescu and Kessler 1977
†Ciconia stehlini Jánossy 1992
Ciconia stormi Blasius 1896 [Storm's stork]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Collections (34 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquitanian - Langhian | USA (North Carolina) | C. speciesone (48887) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Attica) | C. gaudryi (182754) | |
| Huayquerian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | C. sp. (140471) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | C. kahli (22227) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | C. speciestwo (52582) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alps) | C. sp. (44231) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (19753) | |
| MN 17 | France (Rhone-Alpes) | C. sp. (47150) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (154721) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | C. nigra (194929) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (227368) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | Cuba (Matanzas) | C. sp. (152870) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (20308 20334 20400 20415) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (195048 195049) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (154921) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Mexico) | C. sp. (192627) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom | C. ciconia (93837) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (154773) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | C. maltha (85142) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | C. maltha (152904) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | C. maltha (20273 44954 190077 192604) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | China (Hubei) | C. boyciana (92787) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | C. maltha (20580 20636) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | C. maltha (20569) | |
| Holocene | France | C. ciconia (195041) |