PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ptychaspididae

Artiopoda - Asaphida - Ptychaspididae

Taxonomy

Ptychaspididae was named by Raymond (1924). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Asaphida by Whittington et al. (1997); to Dikelocephalacea by Loch and Taylor (2004); and to Trilobita by Adrain (2011).

Subtaxa

Alborsella, Changia (syn. Quadraticephalus, Coreanocephalus), Eoptychaspis, Eowuhuia, Euptychaspis, Idiomesus, Imlerella, Kathleenella, Keithia, Keithiella, Macronoda (syn. Promesus), Plectrella, Proricephalus, Ptychaspis (syn. Asioptychaspis), Saukioides (syn. Jeholaspis), Sunwaptia, Wilcoxaspis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1924	Ptychaspididae Raymond
1997	Ptychaspididae Whittington et al. p. 301
2004	Ptychaspididae Loch and Taylor p. 591
2011	Ptychaspididae Adrain p. 108

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843

Rank	Name	Author
class	Artiopoda	Hou and Bergstrom
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
subclass	Libristoma
order	Asaphida	Salter 1864
superfamily	Dikelocephaloidea	(Miller 1889)
family	Ptychaspididae	Raymond 1924
family	Ptychaspididae	Raymond 1924

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Ptychaspididae Raymond 1924

show all | hide all

G. †Alborsella Kushan 1973

G. †Changia Sun 1924

†Changia chinensis Sun 1924

Invalid names: Coreanocephalus Kobayashi 1935 [synonym], Quadraticephalus Sun 1925 [synonym]

G. †Eoptychaspis Nelson 1951

G. †Eowuhuia Zhang and Wang 1984

G. †Euptychaspis Ulrich 1931

†Euptychaspis dougali Adrain and Westrop 2004

†Euptychaspis jugalis Winston and Nicholls 1967

†Euptychaspis kirki Kobayashi 1935

†Euptychaspis lawsonensis Adrain and Westrop 2005

†Euptychaspis typicalis Ulrich et al. 1931

G. †Idiomesus Raymond 1924

†Idiomesus intermedius Rasetti 1959

†Idiomesus levisensis Rasetti 1944

G. †Imlerella Loch and Taylor 2004

G. †Kathleenella Ludvigsen 1982

†Kathleenella frontalis Longacre 1970

G. †Keithia Raymond 1924

†Keithia similis Rasetti 1944

†Keithia subclavatus Billings 1860

G. †Keithiella Rasetti 1944

†Keithiella brevis Rasetti 1944

†Keithiella cylindrica Billings 1860

†Keithiella depressa Rasetti 1944

†Keithiella intermedia Westrop 1986

†Keithiella patula Winston and Nicholls 1967

†Keithiella scrupulosa Bell and Ellinwood 1962

G. †Macronoda Lochmann 1964

†Macronoda notchpeakensis Adrain and Westrop 2005

†Macronoda punctata Loch et al. 1993

Invalid names: Promesus Lochman 1964 [synonym]

G. †Plectrella Ludvigsen and Westrop 1989

G. †Proricephalus Westrop 1986

G. †Ptychaspis Hall 1863

†Ptychaspis granulosa Owen 1852

†Ptychaspis miniscaensis Owen 1852

†Ptychaspis minuta Whitfield 1878

†Ptychaspis pustulosa Hall and Whitfield 1877

†Ptychaspis tuberosa Feniak 1952

Invalid names: Asioptychaspis Kobayashi 1933 [synonym]

G. †Saukioides Kobayashi 1952

Invalid names: Jeholaspis Kobayashi 1953 [objective synonym]

G. †Sunwaptia Westrop 1986

†Sunwaptia plutoi Adrain and Westrop 2004

G. †Wilcoxaspis Westrop 1986

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Composition 2:

chitinc

Ontogeny:

molting, addition of partsc

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingo

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

well-developedf

Created:

2009-12-13 23:08:03

Modified:

2009-12-14 01:08:03

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Whittington et al. 1997

Age range: base of the Taoyuanian to the top of the Warendian or 495.20000 to 484.30000 Ma

Collections (198 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cambrian	538.8 - 486.85	USA (Wisconsin)	Ptychaspis sp. (250)
Cambrian	538.8 - 486.85	USA (New York)	Keithiella sp. (254)
Cambrian	538.8 - 486.85	USA (Montana)	Macronoda sp., Promesus sp. (258)
Steptoean	497.0 - 493.5	USA (Pennsylvania)	Imlerella praecipita (62082)
Franconian	497.0 - 486.85	USA (Idaho)	Ptychaspis sp. (251)
Franconian	497.0 - 486.85	USA (South Dakota)	Idiomesus granti (9744) Ptychaspis bullasa (9739) Ptychaspis miniscaensis (9734 9745 9747 9748 9751) Ptychaspis sp. (9740 9741 9743 9749)
Franconian	497.0 - 486.85	USA (Montana)	Ptychaspis granulosa (247 131319 240232)
Franconian	497.0 - 486.85	USA (Wyoming)	Ptychaspis tuberosa, Ptychaspis striata (238626)
Franconian	497.0 - 486.85	USA (Minnesota)	Ptychaspis granulosa (62099 62100 62101 62102 62103 62104 62105 62106 62109) Ptychaspis miniscaensis (62112 62114 62116 62121 62123 62124) Ptychaspis striata (62111) Ptychaspis striata, Ptychaspis granulosa, Ptychaspis tuberosa (62107 62108 62110) Ptychaspis striata, Ptychaspis miniscaensis (62115 62117 62118 62119 62120 62122)
Furongian	497.0 - 486.85	Canada (Alberta)	Idiomesus sp. (229379 229380)
Furongian	497.0 - 486.85	South Korea	Asioptychaspis subglobosa (232035) Changia sp., Quadraticephalus elongatus (232039) Ptychaspididae indet., Asioptychaspis subglobosa (232034) Ptychaspididae indet., Quadraticephalus elongatus (232037 232038) Quadraticephalus elongatus (232036)
Furongian	497.0 - 486.85	Iran	Alborsella sp. (22824) Alborsella stoecklini (186034)
Merioneth	497.0 - 486.85	USA (Vermont)	Keithia schucherti, Idiomesus tantillus (6871) Keithia schucherti, Keithiella raymondi (8976)
Taoyuanian	495.2 - 486.85	China (Hebei)	Ptychaspis subglobosa (129604 129616)
Taoyuanian - Niuchehean	495.2 - 486.85	Türkiye	Alborsella stoecklini (133721)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (Oklahoma)	Euptychaspis frontalis (190350) Euptychaspis jugalis (240449 240452) Euptychaspis kirki (240393 240395 240396 240402 240403 240413 240416 240441) Euptychaspis kirki, Euptychaspis jugalis (240440 240445) Euptychaspis typicalis (240418 240470) Euptychaspis typicalis, Euptychaspis jugalis (240444) Idiomesus levisensis (240389 240390 240391 240401 240417 240453 240455 240462 240464 240471) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis jugalis (240454) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis kirki (240399 240412 240415 240448) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis kirki, Euptychaspis jugalis (240443) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis kirki, Keithiella patula (240419) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis typicalis (240451 240458 240459 240465) Ptychaspis sp. undet. (240488)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (New Mexico)	Euptychaspis kirki (203887)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (Utah)	Euptychaspis sp., Euptychaspis lawsonensis, Macronoda notchpeakensis, Idiomesus intermedius (235997) Keithiella sp., Euptychaspis lawsonensis, Macronoda notchpeakensis, Idiomesus intermedius (235998 235999)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (Nevada)	Euptychaspis sp. (204002) Euptychaspis sp., Idiomesus sp. (8975 203998) Idiomesus levisensis, Sunwaptia plutoi, Euptychaspis dougali (235995) Keithiella sp., Euptychaspis lawsonensis, Macronoda notchpeakensis, Idiomesus intermedius (236000)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	Canada (Alberta)	Euptychaspis sp., Wilcoxaspis bulbosa (81301) Idiomesus granti (81304) Idiomesus granti, Ptychaspis miniscaensis (54090) Idiomesus infimus, Proricephalus scapane, Keithiella intermedia, Kathleenella frontalis (54093) Keithiella sp., Idiomesus sp. (81307) Keithiella sp., Kathleenella frontalis (81305) Macronoda prima, Proricephalus wilcoxensis, Wilcoxaspis bulbosa, Idiomesus intermedius (54096 81298) Proricephalus wilcoxensis, Euptychaspis typicalis (81297) Proricephalus wilcoxensis, Sunwaptia carinata, Euptychaspis typicalis (54094) Ptychaspis bullasa, Ptychaspis striata (54088) Ptychaspis bullasa, Ptychaspis striata, Ptychaspis sp., Ptychaspis miniscaensis, Keithiella depressa (64687) Ptychaspis miniscaensis (81296) Ptychaspis miniscaensis, Keithiella depressa (81306) Ptychaspis sp., Idiomesus greggi (54092) Ptychaspis sp., Ptychaspis monsensis, Idiomesus granti, Keithiella depressa (54091)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Keithia schucherti (81269) Keithia schucherti, Idiomesus ultimus, Idiomesus tantillus, Kathleenella maritima, Idiomesus levisensis (81271) Keithia schucherti, Idiomesus ultimus, Idiomesus tantillus, Kathleenella maritima, Keithiella cylindrica, Idiomesus levisensis (81270) Keithia schucherti, Idiomesus ultimus, Kathleenella maritima (81272) Keithia subclavata, Keithiella cylindrica (81285 81286) Keithiella cylindrica (81287) Keithiella depressa (81277 81284)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (Texas)	Euptychaspis kirki, Keithiella patula (185210)
Sunwaptan	493.5 - 488.9	USA (New York)	Euptychaspis sp. indet. (85187) Euptychaspis typicalis (257 85185 85186)
Payntonian	491.0 - 488.3	Australia (Northern Territory)	Coreanocephalus sp. (77435 77438) Coreanocephalus sp., Quadraticephalus sp. (77416) Quadraticephalus sp. (77530 77649)
Niuchehean	491.0 - 486.85	China (Henan)	Changia sp. (129217 129220) Changia sp., Changia chinensis (129219)
Niuchehean	491.0 - 486.85	China (Hebei)	Quadraticephalus sp. (129619)
Niuchehean	491.0 - 486.85	China (Anhui)	Changia sp. (127321)
Dolgellian	490.2 - 486.85	USA (Pennsylvania)	Imlerella praecipita (62086 62094 62095)
Dolgellian	490.2 - 486.85	Canada (Quebec)	Keithia subclavata (8934) Keithia subclavata, Idiomesus levisensis (8933)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (Nevada)	Euptychaspis indet., Macronoda indet. (50831) Idiomesus sp., Euptychaspis kirki (233789)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Idiomesus sp. (105858)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	Canada (Quebec)	Keithia similis, Keithiella cylindrica, Keithiella brevis (224137) Keithia subclavata (224141 224144 224150) Keithia subclavata, Keithiella cylindrica (224138 224139) Keithia subclavata, Keithiella cylindrica, Stigmametopus levisensis (224140) Keithiella depressa (224146)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	Canada (Alberta)	Idiomesus intermedius (54119)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (Texas)	Euptychaspis jugalis (219678) Euptychaspis kirki (216014 219651) Euptychaspis kirki, Keithiella patula (216015 219655) Euptychaspis typicalis (219679) Idiomesus intermedius, Euptychaspis kirki (219648 219652 233747) Idiomesus levisensis (216016) Idiomesus levisensis, Euptychaspis frontalis, Keithiella scrupulosa (216017 216018) Macronoda prima, Idiomesus intermedius, Euptychaspis kirki (219653 219654)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (New York)	Ptychaspis speciosus (74540 74541)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (Utah)	Euptychaspis sp., Idiomesus sp. (259)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (South Dakota)	Idiomesus infimus (9756 9763)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	Canada (Yukon)	Euptychaspis kirki (55313) Idiomesus levisensis (55307) Kathleenella hamulata, Plectrella yukonensis (55308) Kathleenella subula (55312) Kathleenella subula, Idiomesus intermedius (55285 55311) Kathleenella subula, Plectrella yukonensis (55310)
Trempealeauan	490.2 - 486.85	USA (Oklahoma)	Keithiella scrupulosa (221094)
Skullrockian	488.9 - 483.4	USA (Texas)	Euptychaspis typicalis (219680) Idiomesus intermedius (240193)
Warendian	486.85 - 484.3	Australia (Northern Territory)	Quadraticephalus sp. (77712)
Tremadocian	486.85 - 477.1	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Idiomesus intermedius (81290) Idiomesus tantillus, Plectrella yukonensis, Idiomesus intermedius (81289)
Tremadocian	486.85 - 477.1	Canada (Yukon)	Idiomesus intermedius (55315)
Tremadoc	486.4 - 477.1	China (HeNan)	Changia sp. (20767)