PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Caenagnathinae

Osteichthyes - Caenagnathidae

Taxonomy

Caenagnathinae was named by Paul (1988). It is not extant. Its type is Caenagnathus. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).

It was assigned to Caenagnathidae by Paul (1988), Currie (2000), Longrich et al. (2013), Funston et al. (2016), Funston (2020).

Subtaxa

Anzu, Apatoraptor, Caenagnathasia, Caenagnathus (type genus), Citipes, Elmisaurus (syn. Nomingia), Epichirostenotes, Hagryphus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1988	Caenagnathinae Paul p. 372
2000	Caenagnathinae Currie p. 438
2013	Caenagnathinae Longrich et al.
2016	Caenagnathinae Funston et al. p. 171
2020	Caenagnathinae Funston p. 136 fig. 20

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
infraorder	Oviraptorosauria
family	Caenagnathidae
subfamily	Caenagnathinae
subfamily	Caenagnathinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Caenagnathinae Paul 1988

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G. †Anzu Lamanna et al. 2014 [chicken from hell]

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†Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al. 2014 [chicken from hell]

G. †Apatoraptor Funston and Currie 2016

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†Apatoraptor pennatus Funston and Currie 2016

G. †Caenagnathasia Currie et al. 1994

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†Caenagnathasia martinsoni Currie et al. 1994

G. †Caenagnathus Sternberg 1940

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†Caenagnathus collinsi Sternberg 1940

G. †Citipes Funston 2020

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†Citipes elegans Parks 1933

G. †Elmisaurus Osmolska 1981

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†Elmisaurus rarus Osmolska 1981

Invalid names: Nomingia gobiensis Barsbold et al. 2000 [synonym]

Invalid names: Nomingia Barsbold et al. 2000 [synonym]

G. †Epichirostenotes Sullivan et al. 2011

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†Epichirostenotes curriei Sullivan et al. 2011

G. †Hagryphus Zanno and Sampson 2005

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†Hagryphus giganteus Zanno and Sampson 2005

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteinfrao

Entire body:

yesinfrao

Adult length:

1.0 to < 10infrao

Adult width:

0.1 to < 1.0infrao

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10infrao

Maximum body mass:

30 kgg

Minimum body mass:

10 kgg

Thickness:

intermediateinfrao

Architecture:

compact or denseinfrao

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partsinfrao

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialinfrao

Locomotion:

actively mobileinfrao

Life habit:

ground dwellinginfrao

Depth habitat:

surfaceinfrao

Diet:

omnivoreinfrao

Reproduction:

oviparousinfrao

Dispersal:

direct/internalinfrao

Dispersal 2:

mobileinfrao

Created:

2005-03-06 14:07:56

Modified:

2005-03-06 16:07:56

Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder, o = order

References: Kiessling 2004, Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875, Averianov and Yarkov 2004

Age range: base of the Middle Turonian to the top of the Lancian or 93.90000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (35 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Caenagnathasia martinsoni (46959 58159 58166 58168 58173 170147)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Aves indet. (46952) Caenagnathus collinsi (46953 165179 232142) Caenagnathus sp. (46358 46958 58912) Caenagnathus sp., Citipes elegans, Caenagnathus sternbergi (22656) Caenagnathus sternbergi (46954 46956) Elmisaurus elegans (64149) Leptorhynchos elegans (232134 232135 232138 232139) Ornithomimidae indet. (138968) Ornithomimus elegans (64318)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Utah)	Caenagnathidae indet. (58520)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	China (Nei Mongol)	Caenagnathasia sp. (175225)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Apatoraptor pennatus (180856)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Anzu wyliei, Caenagnathidae indet. (48235)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Anzu wyliei (224484) Caenagnathidae indet. (157189)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Anzu wyliei (154928)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Anzu sp. (189003) Anzu wyliei (152397) Elmisaurus elegans (59374)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Coeluroidea indet. (180698) Elmisaurus rarus, Nomingia gobiensis, Nomingia mongoliensis (55257)