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Notocetus
Taxonomy
Notocetus was named by Moreno (1892) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-u Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Diochotichus vanbenedeni. It was considered monophyletic by Muizon (1987) and Uhen et al. (2008) and Geisler et al. (2011).
It was replaced with Diochotichus by Ameghino (1894); it was synonymized subjectively with Argyrodelphis by Trouessart (1898).
It was assigned to Ziphiidae by Simpson (1945), Mead (1975) and Benton (1993); to Squalodelphidae by Muizon (1987), Muizon (1994) and Gottfried et al. (1994); to Hyperoodontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Squalodelphinidae by Fordyce (1994), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Bianucci et al. (2013), Lambert et al. (2014), Bianucci et al. (2015), Marx et al. (2016), Godfrey et al. (2017), Berta (2017), Kimura (2018), Bianucci et al. (2018), Nelson and Uhen (2018) and Bianucci et al. (2020); and to Platanistoidea by Viglino et al. (2022).
It was replaced with Diochotichus by Ameghino (1894); it was synonymized subjectively with Argyrodelphis by Trouessart (1898).
It was assigned to Ziphiidae by Simpson (1945), Mead (1975) and Benton (1993); to Squalodelphidae by Muizon (1987), Muizon (1994) and Gottfried et al. (1994); to Hyperoodontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Squalodelphinidae by Fordyce (1994), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Bianucci et al. (2013), Lambert et al. (2014), Bianucci et al. (2015), Marx et al. (2016), Godfrey et al. (2017), Berta (2017), Kimura (2018), Bianucci et al. (2018), Nelson and Uhen (2018) and Bianucci et al. (2020); and to Platanistoidea by Viglino et al. (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1892 | Notocetus Moreno pp. 397-400 figs. Plate XI |
| 1894 | Diochotichus Ameghino p. 438 |
| 1894 | Argyrodelphis Lydekker p. 12 |
| 1898 | Argyrodelphis Trouessart p. 1016 |
| 1901 | Diochotichus Ameghino p. 80 |
| 1904 | Argyrodelphis Palmer p. 120 |
| 1904 | Argyrodelphis Trouessart p. 757 |
| 1904 | Diochoticus Trouessart p. 757 |
| 1910 | Diochotichus True p. 31 |
| 1915 | Diochotichus Rovereto p. 143 |
| 1917 | Argyrodelphis Dal Piaz p. 33 |
| 1921 | Argyrodelphis Winge p. 43 |
| 1928 | Diochotichus Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1 |
| 1945 | Notocetus Simpson p. 101 |
| 1975 | Notocetus Mead p. 750 figs. Table 1 |
| 1987 | Notocetus Muizon p. 13 |
| 1993 | Notocetus Benton p. 761 |
| 1994 | Notocetus Fordyce p. 172 |
| 1994 | Notocetus Gottfried et al. p. 233 |
| 1994 | Notocetus Muizon p. 136 |
| 1997 | Notocetus McKenna and Bell p. 381 |
| 2001 | Notocetus Fordyce and de Muizon p. 178 |
| 2002 | Notocetus Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Notocetus Geisler and Sanders p. 28 |
| 2003 | Diochotichus Geisler and Sanders p. 29 figs. Table 1 |
| 2008 | Notocetus Uhen et al. p. 583 |
| 2009 | Notocetus Fordyce and Roberts p. 553 |
| 2011 | Notocetus Geisler et al. p. 5 figs. Table 1 |
| 2013 | Notocetus Bianucci et al. p. 744 figs. Figure 3 |
| 2014 | Notocetus Lambert et al. p. 1001 figs. Figure 8 |
| 2015 | Notocetus Bianucci et al. |
| 2016 | Notocetus Marx et al. p. 126 |
| 2017 | Notocetus Berta p. 163 |
| 2017 | Notocetus Godfrey et al. figs. Figure 6 |
| 2018 | Notocetus Bianucci et al. p. 4 |
| 2018 | Notocetus Kimura p. 4 figs. Fig. 4 |
| 2018 | Notocetus Nelson and Uhen |
| 2020 | Notocetus Bianucci et al. p. 33 |
| 2022 | Notocetus Viglino et al. p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Notocetus Moreno 1892
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†Notocetus vanbenedeni Moreno 1892
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Invalid names: Argyrodelphis benedeni Lydekker 1894 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Argyrodelphis Lydekker 1894 [objective synonym], Diochotichus Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. D. Uhen et al. 2008 | Longirostral; teeth single-rooted, posterior teeth with complex crowns; skull asymmetrical, involving bones around nares and anterior of supraoccipital; premaxillary sac fossae short and broad, nasals and frontals nodular with prominent medial sutures; thickened supraorbital prominences present associated with apparently asymmetrical antorbital notches; zygomatic process robust and blunt-ended (based on Moreno 1892, True 1910b, Muizon 1987, Cozzuol 1996). | |
| M. Viglino et al. 2022 | For the definition and members of the families and clades mentioned in this diagnosis, we follow the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained under implied weights with K 1⁄4 26. The use of Platanistoidea follows de Muizon (1987) in the sense of comprising the only living genus of the clade, Platanista, within the family Platanistidae (see the Phylogenetic analyses section of the results for further details).
Notocetus vanbenedeni has a medium-size skull (aver- age CBL: 62 cm) with a long and anteriorly narrow rostrum; teeth with short conical crown anteriorly and lateromedially compressed crown posteriorly, blunt apex, long and curved root, and accessory denticles pre- sent on the posterior teeth only. The skull has asymmet- rical notches; a distinctly elevated dorsal tubercular supraorbital crest formed mainly by the frontal; temporal fossa has a roof with a frontal window; squamosal with a deep sub-circular fossa and deep and spathulate tympanosquamosal recess; vertex with a squared frontal and nasal and a distinct medial facial crest; presence of external foramen ovale; coracoid process absent and acromion located on anterior edge of scapula. Pars cochlearis with a right angle anteriorly; aperture of vestibular aqueduct with raised edges and associated vestigial dorsal crest; larger reniform cochlear aqueduct; anterior incisure with associated concave surface; ovoid anterior bullar facet; rectangular and short posterior bullar facet with shallow grooves; short anterior process that nar- rows distally; and long and posteroventrally oriented posterior process of the periotic. Belongs to Platanistoidea based on: long and medio-laterally compressed rostrum; premaxillary foramen located medially and anterior to antorbital notch; lateral lamina of pterygoid articulates with squamosal; pterygoid sinus fossa extending anteriorly beyond the antorbital notch; anteroposterior ridge on anterior process and body of periotic in dorsal view; long anterior spine and shallow lateral furrow of tympanic bulla; coracoid process of scapula reduced or absent. It differs from all Platanistoidea in: maxilla not reaching tip of rostrum; medium width of premaxillae at mid- rostrum; wide rostrum at base; absence of longitudinal groove on mandibles; 17–23 teeth on mandibles; long lacrimal; short anterior process of periotic in relation to pars cochlearis; poorly defined ventromedial keel of tympanic bulla. Differs from Aondelphis talen in having a sub-circular fossa; wide external auditory meatus; long and smoothly deflected anterior process of periotic; oval fenestra rotunda; periotic with reniform cochlear aque- duct opening and articular rim; long and deep median furrow of tympanic bulla; inner and outer posterior prominence of equal length; unexcavated dorsal margin of involucrum. Differs from Macrosqualodelphis ukupa- chai, Dilophodelphis fordycei, Medocinia tetragorhina, Huaridelphis raimondii, Araeodelphis natator and the Peruvian platanistoids (MUSM 1395, 3896, 3897 and 1484) in: widely separated premaxillae at rostrum by mesorostral groove; nasals with point on midline and gap with premaxilla at vertex; narrowly exposed squamosal in posterior view; dorsoventrally thick pars cochlearis of the periotic; larger reniform opening of the cochlear aqueduct of periotic; and shallow grooves on posterior bullar facet of periotic. Differs from the Peruvian platanistoids (MUSM 1395, 3896, 3897 and 1484) and Araeodelphis natator in: maxilla and lacrimo- jugal forming dorsolateral edge of ventral infraorbital foramina. Further differs from Dilophodelphis fordycei, Huaridelphis raimondii and Araeodelphis natator in: transversely inflated premaxillae at rostrum. Differs from Macrosqualodelphis ukupachai, Medocinia tetra- gorhina and Huaridelphis raimondii in: deep neck muscle fossa in zygomatic process of squamosal. Further differs from Macrosqualodelphis ukupachai, Dilophodelphis fordycei and Huaridelphis raimondii in: having nasals at same height as frontals at vertex. Differs from Medocinia tetragorhina and Huaridelphis raimondii in: nasals and frontals of the same width at vertex. Further differs from the Peruvian platanistoids (MUSM 1395, 3896, 3897 and 1484) in: rostrum narrow at mid-length; premaxillary foramen anterior to antorbital notch; medial facial crest; palatine completely covered by pterygoid in ventral view; smoothly ventrally deflected anterior process of periotic in lateral view; pyramidal process in dorsal surface of periotic; and tubular internal acoustic meatus with a circular outline. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| Reference: Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Burdigalian or 23.03000 to 15.97000 Ma
Collections (8 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquitanian | Argentina | N. vanbenedeni (45887) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Argentina | N. sp. (201438) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Diochotichus vanbenedeni (116539) | |
| Burdigalian | Peru (Ica) | N. vanbenedeni (100330) | |
| Burdigalian | Argentina (Chubut) | N. vanbenedeni (45885) | |
| Burdigalian | Peru | N. sp., N. vanbenedeni, Squalodelphinidae indet. (167732) N. vanbenedeni (124919) | |
| Burdigalian - Messinian | Italy (Apulia) | N. sp. (47125) |