PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Gastonia

Reptilia - Nodosauridae

Taxonomy

Gastonia was named by Kirkland (1998). It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Ankylosauria by Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo (2003); to Polacanthinae by Carpenter and Kirkland (1998), Kirkland (1998), Carpenter et al. (1999), Blows (2001), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2001), Kirkland and Loewen (2011) and Kirkland et al. (2013); to Polacanthidae by Ford (2000), Carpenter (2001), Carpenter (2001), Kilbourne and Carpenter (2005), Carpenter et al. (2008), Britt et al. (2009) and Kineer et al. (2016); to Nodosauridae by Han et al. (2014), Blows and Honeysett (2014) and Yang et al. (2017); and to Ankylosauridae by Vickaryous et al. (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Lü et al. (2007), Lü et al. (2007), Osi and Makádi (2009), Parsons and Parsons (2009), Arbour and Currie (2016) and Galton (2019).

Species

G. burgei, G. lorriemcwhinneyae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1998	Gastonia Carpenter and Kirkland p. 268
1998	Gastonia Kirkland pp. 272-273
1999	Gastonia Carpenter et al. p. 248
2000	Gastonia Ford p. 174
2001	Gastonia Blows p. 376
2001	Gastonia Carpenter p. 171
2001	Gastonia Pereda Suberbiola and Galton p. 201
2001	Gastonia Vickaryous et al. p. 1774
2003	Gastonia Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo p. 297
2004	Gastonia Vickaryous et al. p. 364
2005	Gastonia Kilbourne and Carpenter p. 156
2007	Gastonia Lü et al. p. 889 fig. 1
2007	Gastonia Lü et al. p. 349
2008	Gastonia Carpenter et al. p. 1091
2009	Gastonia Britt et al.
2009	Gastonia Osi and Makádi p. 239 fig. 10
2009	Gastonia Parsons and Parsons p. 736 fig. 18
2011	Gastonia Kirkland and Loewen p. 5
2013	Gastonia Kirkland et al. p. 5
2014	Gastonia Blows and Honeysett p. 838
2014	Gastonia Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11
2016	Gastonia Arbour and Currie p. 433 fig. 11
2016	Gastonia Kineer et al. p. 45
2017	Gastonia Yang et al. p. 786 fig. 5
2019	Gastonia Galton p. 210

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Thyreophora	()
—	Ankylosauria	()
family	Nodosauridae
genus	Gastonia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Gastonia Kirkland 1998

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†Gastonia burgei Kirkland 1998

†Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae Kineer et al. 2016

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. Kineer et al. 2016	Dorsal cranial surface texture slightly to moderately rugose, no distinct pattern; posteriorly placed narial openings; short vertical nuchal ridge; ilia more divergent than in Polacanthus; femoral head and greater trochanter not as well offset from shaft as in Hoplitosaurus and Polacanthus; anterior trochanter fused to shaft to form ridge, unlike free trochanter in Hoplitosaurus.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2004-12-14 12:50:52

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:50:52

Source: o = order

Reference: Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Valanginian to the top of the Albian or 139.80000 to 100.50000 Ma

Collections (3 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	USA (Utah)	Nodosauridae indet. (27025) Polacanthus sp. (27017)
Aptian - Albian	125.0 - 100.5	USA (Utah)	G. sp. (154238)