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Bernayinae

Gastropoda - Cypraeidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1927Bernayinae Schilder
1987Bernayinae Squires p. 35
1993Bernayinae Wilson p. 174
2006Bernayinae DeVries et al. p. 102
2011Bernayinae Groves p. 47
2023Bernayinae Groves and Squires p. 12

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyCypraeoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyCypraeidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyBernayinaeSchilder 1927
subfamilyBernayinaeSchilder 1927

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Bernayinae Schilder 1927
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G. †Afrocypraea Schilder 1932
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†Afrocypraea chubbi Rennie 1930
Tr. †Archicypraeini Schilder 1927
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G. †Palaeocypraea Schilder 1928
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Subg. †Palaeocypraea (Palaeocypraea) Schilder 1928
+
+
Invalid names: Palaeocypraea striata Zekeli 1852 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Palaeocypraea (Palaeocypraea) antiqua Sayn 1932 [replaced]
Subg. Palaeocypraea (Pustulariopsis) Schilder 1941
+
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Invalid names: Palaeocypraea (Pustulariopsis) retusa Parona and Prever 1909 [synonym]
†Palaeocypraea corsicanana Stephenson 1941
†Palaeocypraea eripnides Darragh 2002
†Palaeocypraea fontana Anderson 1958
†Palaeocypraea grooti Richards and Shapiro 1963
†Palaeocypraea nuciformis Stephenson 1941
†Palaeocypraea spirata von Schlotheim 1820
†Palaeocypraea squyeri Campbell 1893
†Palaeocypraea suciensis Whiteaves 1895
†Palaeocypraea suecica Schilder 1928
†Palaeocypraea wilfredi Groves 2004
G. †Barycypraea Schilder 1927
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†Barycypraea bensoni Finlay 1927
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Invalid names: Barycypraea burialensis Martin 1928 [synonym], Cypraea ovata Martin 1879 [replaced]
†Barycypraea caputviperae Martin 1899
†Barycypraea humerosa Sowerby 1839
†Barycypraea murisimilis Martin 1879
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Invalid names: Barycypraea junghuhni Martin 1899 [synonym]
†Barycypraea orangensis Beets 1942
†Barycypraea saltoensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Barycypraea singuensis Vredenburg 1921
†Barycypraea subtetragona Martin 1879
†Barycypraea suryai Beets 1942
G. †Bernaya Jousseaume 1884
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Subg. †Bernaya (Bernaya) Jousseaume 1884
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†Bernaya (Bernaya) azevedoi Oliveira 1957
†Bernaya (Bernaya) beardi Groves 2004
†Bernaya (Bernaya) depereti Roman and Mazeran 1920
†Bernaya (Bernaya) ellipsoides d'Archiac and Haime 1853
†Bernaya (Bernaya) jeanae Groves 2004
†Bernaya (Bernaya) obesa Deshayes 1866
†Bernaya grovesi Squires and Demetrion 1992
†Bernaya kaylinae Groves and Squires 2023
Bernaya media Deshayes 1835
†Bernaya quarunensis Abbass 1967
†Bernaya squiresi Groves 2011
G. †Gisortia Jousseaume 1884
+
Subg. †Gisortia (Megalocypraea) Schilder 1927
Subg. †Gisortia (Vicetia) Fabiani 1905
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†Gisortia (Vicetia) hantkeni Lefèvre 1878
†Vicetia bizzottoi Dominici et al. 2020
†Vicetia sowerbyi Schilder 1930
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Invalid names: Vicetia depressa Sowerby 1839 [replaced]
†Vicetia vredenburgi Schilder 1930
†Gisortia brevis Douvillé 1920
†Gisortia clarki Ingram 1940
†Gisortia colombiana Clark and Durham 1946
†Gisortia coombii Sowerby 1850
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Invalid names: Gisortia gisortiana Passy 1859 [synonym]
†Gisortia gigantea Munster 1828
†Gisortia harrisi Palmer 1957
†Gisortia ibrahimi Abbass 1967
†Gisortia mahgoobi Abbass 1967
†Gisortia murchisoni d'Archaic and Haime 1854
†Gisortia tuberculosa Duclos 1825
Invalid names: Aricia Gray 1837 [replaced]
G. Protocypraea Schilder 1927
+
†Protocypraea simiensis Nelson 1925
Invalid names: Bernayini Schilder 1927 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: omnivoref
Diet 2: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:50:11
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:50:11
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tithonian to the top of the Late/Upper Miocene or 149.20000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma

Collections (157 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Italy (Palermo) Cypraea gemmellaroi, Cypraea titonica (179803)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Czechia Cypraea tithonica (189840)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4France (Barcelonne) Cypraea antiqua, Zittelia drumensis, Pseudocassis helveticus (179817)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1USA (California) Cypraea fontana (176021)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3Brazil (Sergipe) Cypraea riachuelana (87867)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Italy Cypraea pustulifera, Ovula striata, Cypraea retusa (180658)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Czechia (Praha) Cypraea korycanensis (179027)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Czechia Cypraea korycanensis (179026)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8USA (California) Cypraea argonautica (176025)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur) Bernaya depereti (87462)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Cypraea berryessae (176026)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Oregon) Bernaya argonautica (176024) Cypraea argonautica (86814)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8France (Var) Palaeocypraea vayssierei (180659)
Coniacian89.8 - 85.7India (Tamil Nadu) Cypraea kayei (180663)
Coniacian89.8 - 85.7USA (California) Cypraea kayei (44233)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6South Africa (Eastern Cape) Cypraea chubbi, Bernaya caffrarica (177883)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.7 - 72.2Canada (British Columbia) Bernaya beardi (176395)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2India Cypraea anomala (180639)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2India (Tamil Nadu) Cypraea cunliffei, Erato veraghoorensis (179034)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Brazil (Pernambuco) Cypraea azevedoi (179815 180661)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (California) Bernaya popenoei (176369) Palaeocypraea wilfredi, Bernaya jeanae (176365)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Mississippi) Bernaya n. sp. (7456)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (California) Bernaya crawfordcatei (176396) Bernaya crawfordcatei, Bernaya gualalaensis, Bernaya rineyi (60806) Bernaya gualalaensis (176400 176402) Bernaya rineyi (99312)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Cypraea gracilis (7472 7503)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Washington) Cypraea suciensis (179073)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Delaware) Bernaya mortoni (6146)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (California) Bernaya louellasaulae, Bernaya popenoei (176363)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Jersey) Palaeocypraea burlingtonensis (180662)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (California) Bernaya gualalaensis (99313 176397 176399 176401) Cypraea gualalaensis (176398)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Delaware) Cypraea grooti (176022)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Egypt Proadusta deserti (180640)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Pakistan (Balochistan) Ovula baluchistanensis (180660)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Cypraea limburgensis, Palaeocypraea maestrichtensis (85267)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India Cypraea globulina (41428)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Egypt (New Valley) Erato n. sp., Cypraea sp. (180641)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Bernaya burlingtonensis (78124)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Texas) Cypraea nuciformis (7480)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cypraea squyeri (176023)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Palaeocypraea sp., Protocypraea sp. (22943)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (California) Bernaya sp. (190798)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Denmark Palaeocypraea sp., Palaeocypraea spirata, Bernaya globuliformis (176994) Palaeocypraea spirata (35040 179652) Palaeocypraea spirata, Protocypraea globuliformis, Palaeocypraea suecica, Vicetia faxensis (137438)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Sweden Palaeocypraea spirata, Palaeocypraea suecica (179647)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (California) Gisortia clarki (11117)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Germany Bernaya sp. (3115)
Teurian - Waipawan66.0 - 52.0New Zealand (Chatham Islands) Palaeocypraea eripnides (175971)
Paleocene - Ypresian66.0 - 48.07Niger Gisortia brevis (83986)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Greenland Protocypraea sp. (22944)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Nigeria Gisortia brevis (7791)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24USA (California) Protocypraea sp. 2 (218667)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Pakistan (North-West Frontier) Protocypraea kohatica (52132)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Mali Gisortia brevis (209398) Ovula depressa (83984)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0USA (California) Cypraea simiensis (239685)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Mexico (Baja) Propustularia simiensis (176457)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (California) Cypraea simiensis (239713)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Niger Gisortia brevis (83985)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07China (Tibet) Gisortia depressa, Ovula ellipsoides (76993)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Pakistan Gisortia murchisoni (77304)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Pakistan Gisortia murchisoni (183837 183839 183948)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) Bernaya libyca (42459)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Washington) Bernaya grovesi (176361)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France (Aisne) Gisortia tuberculosa (183787)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France Gisortia gigantea, Vicetia hantkeni (183747 183750) Gisortia tuberculosa (171521) Vicetia hantkeni (94693)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Ovula hantkeni (183754)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Bulgaria (Varna) Megalocypraea gigantea (102285)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Mexico (Baja California Sur) Bernaya grovesi (5496)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (California) Gisortia clarki (178690 178718 178719 178720)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France (Picardie) Megalocypraea tuberculosa (178778)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Libya Gisortia stefanini (42126)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03USA (California) Bernaya kaylinae (8014) Eocypraea castacensis (183752)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (California) Bernaya kaylinae (8012 173475)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan Gisortia gigantea (77376 77382) Gisortia murchisoni (77381 184031) Vicetia sowerbyi (183923 184032) Vicetia vredenburgi (47022)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Egypt Gisortia mahgoobi (2955)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Mexico (Chiapas) Bernaya obesa (79943)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Bulgaria (Varna) Megalocypraea gigantea (103866)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Libya Gisortia gigantea (42125 42127)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Senegal Gisortia brevis (209386 209387 209390 209391 209399 209400)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Curaçao Gisortia sp. (60090)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Île-de-France) Bernaya obesa (179130)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Egypt Bernaya quarunensis (2960) Gisortia ibrahimi (2958)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.03 - 33.9USA (Florida) Gisortia harrisi (99208 99247)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Pakistan Gisortia gigantea (77396)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Panama Megalocypraea clarki (92977)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Somalia Vicetia gigantea (78566)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Colombia (Sucre) Cypraea saltoensis (42828)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Colombia (Bolivar) Gisortia colombiana, Cypraea saltoensis (3315)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Italy Vicetia bizzottoi (220305) Vicetia gigantea (78565)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Libya Gisortia sp. (77236) Gisortia stefanini (42136 42144)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Romania Megalocypraea gigantea (101967)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Egypt Gisortia gigantea (86659)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Florida) Gisortia harrisi (99193 99195 99205 99206 99252)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Australia (South Australia) Palaeocypraea eripnides (170993)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Myanmar Cypraea singuensis (76588)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Pakistan Cypraea humerosa (77160 77164 77168 77171 77172 77173)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98India (Gujarat) Cypraea humerosa (179086)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Indonesia Barycypraea murisimilis (63040) Barycypraea suryai (70107) Barycypraea suryai, Barycypraea murisimilis, Barycypraea orangensis (70081) Cypraea simplicissima (70085)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Indonesia (West Java) Cypraea caputviperae, Barycypraea murisimilis (179626)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Philippines Cypraea beberkiriana (70138)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia Cypraea bensoni, Barycypraea murisimilis (70077) Cypraea bensoni, Cypraea junghuhni, Barycypraea murisimilis (70100) Cypraea subtetragona, Barycypraea murisimilis (70098)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia (Java) Barycypraea murisimilis (179627)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia (Kalimantan) Barycypraea orangensis (42289)