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Procaviidae (hyrax)

Mammalia - Hyracoidea - Procaviidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Hyracidae Gray p. 306
1850Hyracidae Bonaparte p. 1
1883Hyracidae Flower p. 185
1889Hyracidae Cope p. 876
1891Hyracidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1892Procaviidae Thomas
1982Procaviidae Olds and Shoshani p. 1
1988Procaviidae Carroll
1988Procaviidae Rasmussen and Simons p. 68
1989Procaviidae Prothero and Schoch p. 531
1991Procaviidae Nowak
1996Procaviidae Rasmussen et al. p. 746
2000Procaviidae Barry and Shoshani p. 1
2005Procaviidae Pickford p. 160 figs. Figure 15
2010Procaviidae Rasmussen and Gutiérrez p. 141

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Paenungulatomorpha
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945
orderHyracoideaHuxley 1869
familyProcaviidaeThomas 1892
familyProcaviidaeThomas 1892

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Procaviidae Thomas 1892 [hyrax]
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G. Dendrohyrax Gray 1868 [tree hyrax]
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Dendrohyrax arboreus Smith 1827 [southern tree hyrax]
†Dendrohyrax samueli Pickford 2005
G. †Gigantohyrax Kitching 1965
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†Gigantohyrax maguirei Kitching 1965
G. Heterohyrax Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
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†Heterohyrax auricampensis Rasmussen et al. 1996
Heterohyrax brucei Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
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Invalid names: Dendrohyrax (Heterohyrax) blainvillii Gray 1868 [synonym], Procavia pumila Thomas 1901 [synonym]
G. Procavia Storr 1780 [Cape hyrax]
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†Procavia antiqua Broom 1934
Procavia capensis Pallas 1766 [Cape hyrax]
†Procavia obermeyerae Broom 1937
†Procavia pliocenica Pickford 2005
†Procavia robertsi Broom and Schepers 1946
Invalid names: Euhyrax Gray 1868 [synonym], Hyrax Herman 1783 [synonym]
G. †Prohyrax Stromer 1926
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†Prohyrax hendeyi Pickford 1994
†Prohyrax tertiarius Stromer 1922
Invalid names: Hyracidae Gray 1821 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialf
Diet: herbivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999f
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 20:17:36
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Holocene or 20.44000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma

Collections (93 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Namibia Prohyrax sp. (70420)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Kenya (Northern Frontier District) Prohyrax tertiarius (122454)
Astaracian15.97 - 11.608Greece (Crete) Prohyrax hendeyi (208183)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Prohyrax hendeyi (21855)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Procaviidae indet. (22300)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Kenya Heterohyrax sp. (219711)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Namibia Heterohyrax auricampensis (87787)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Kenya Dendrohyrax samueli (110080)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Procavia antiqua (59167)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Procavia pliocenica, Procavia antiqua (22221)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (22355)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774South Africa Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21791)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia sp., Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (207105) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21960)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Langebaanweg) Procavia antiqua (21713)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Gigantohyrax maguirei (21639) Heterohyrax brucei (21624)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia sp. (22332) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (22334)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa Procavia antiqua (21827) Procavia capensis (21826) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21824)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa (Gauteng) Procavia sp. (183152)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Procavia sp. (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21867)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (21695 21823 21915 21916 21929 21956 115191 115205) Procavia capensis, Procavia transvaalensis (21829) Procavia sp. (21913 21920) Procavia sp., Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21825) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21828)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Israel Procavia sp. (225664) Procavia syriaca (39252)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Procavia capensis (21948 21949 21950 21951 21952 21957)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp., Procavia johnstoni (22074)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Zambia Dendrohyrax sp. (21854) Procavia capensis, Heterohyrax brucei (21924)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21868)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa Procavia capensis, Procavia transvaalensis (21961) Procavia sp. (21822)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Israel Procavia capensis (192424 192425)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Heterohyrax sp. (22272 22276) Procavia sp. (21276) Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp. (21277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Israel Procavia capensis (225667)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) Procavia sp. (32090)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti plains) Procavia sp. (32124)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plain) Procavia sp. (32093)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (90070 96974) Procavia sp. (113858)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Israel (Mount Carmel) Procavia syriaca (11803)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) Procavia sp. (32119)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (115167)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Procavia habessinica, Heterohyrax brucei (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Heterohyrax brucei (21933)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21858 21861 21897 21908 21909 21911 21912 21943)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Procavia capensis (21862 21866 21914 21918 21930 21940 21946 96973)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) Procavia sp. (32107)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Zambia Dendrohyrax sp. (21895) Heterohyrax brucei (21894)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Dendrohyrax arboreus (22068) Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp., Dendrohyrax sp. (22073)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Swaziland Procavia capensis (21927 21955)