| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Zacanthoides
Taxonomy
Zacanthoides was named by Walcott (1888) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Tojo-u Cm uMid-m Sepkoski's reference number: 80,478].
It was assigned to Olenidae by Walcott (1908); to Oryctocephalidae by Mason (1935); to Corynexochida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Zacanthoididae by Palmer (1954), Palmer and Halley (1979), Sundberg (1994), Eddy and McCollum (1998), Jell and Adrain (2002).
It was assigned to Olenidae by Walcott (1908); to Oryctocephalidae by Mason (1935); to Corynexochida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Zacanthoididae by Palmer (1954), Palmer and Halley (1979), Sundberg (1994), Eddy and McCollum (1998), Jell and Adrain (2002).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1887 | Embolimus Rominger p. 15 |
| 1888 | Zacanthoides Walcott |
| 1908 | Zacanthoides Walcott p. 23 |
| 1935 | Zacanthoides Mason p. 115 |
| 1954 | Zacanthoides Palmer p. 69 |
| 1979 | Zacanthoides Palmer and Halley p. 96 |
| 1994 | Zacanthoides Sundberg p. 46 |
| 1998 | Zacanthoides Eddy and McCollum p. 877 |
| 2002 | Zacanthoides Jell and Adrain p. 463 |
| 2002 | Zacanthoides Sepkoski |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Zacanthoides Walcott 1888
show all | hide all
†Zacanthoides abbreviatus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides adjunctus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides alatus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides demissus Fritz 1968
†Zacanthoides divergens Rasetti 1951
†Zacanthoides divergens limbus Sundberg 1994
†Zacanthoides eatoni Walcott 1890
†Zacanthoides fronslicinus Sundberg 1994
†Zacanthoides gilberti Young and Ludvigsen 1989
†Zacanthoides gradatus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides holopygous Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides holopygus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides idahoensis Walcott 1908
†Zacanthoides kelsayae Shaw 1957
†Zacanthoides liddelli Robison and Babcock 2011
†Zacanthoides marshalli Robison and Babcock 2011
†Zacanthoides sampsoni Resser 1938
†Zacanthoides serratus Resser 1939
†Zacanthoides spinosus Walcott 1884
†Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott 1886
†Zacanthoides variacantha Palmer and Halley 1979
†Zacanthoides walapai Resser 1945
Invalid names: Embolimus Rominger 1887 [replaced]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. R. Palmer 1954 | Cephalon subsemicircular in outline; posterior margin straight; long genal spines extend out- ward and backward from lateral margins; short inter- genal spines may be present at distal ends of posterior limbs on cranidium.
Cranidium with glabella moderately well defined by dorsal furrow, parallel sided, slightly expanded forward or slightly tapered forward, not reaching to anterior margin. Glabellar furrows variable in depth, 3 or 4 pairs usually visible. Occipital furrow distinct, straight. Occipital ring flat, with or without occipital spine. Frontal area short, broad, with depressed brim and raised border. Fixed cheeks about one-half width of glabella, semicircular hi outline. Palpebral lobes narrow, well defined by palpebral furrow, long, curved; anterior ends adjacent to dorsal furrow opposite third pair of glabellar furrows anterior to occipital furrow; posterior ends opposite occipital furrow, about one-third width of glabella from dorsal furrow. Posterior limbs narrow, about as long as occipital ring, often with distinct, posteriorly directed spines at distal extremities. Facial sutures widely divergent anterior and posterior to palpebral lobe. Free cheek with evenly rounded margin and distinct, narrow border. Long, slender genal spine directed outward and backward from lateral margin. Thorax of 8 or 9 segments. Axial lobe as wide or wider than pleural lobes exclusive of spines. Pleural portion of each segment with two laterally converging marginal furrows that leave a triangular raised median portion near the dorsal furrow. Each segment extended distally into a long slender spine. Pygidium smaller than cephalon with prominent furrowed axial lobe occupying one-third or more width of pygidium, extended nearly to posterior margin. Anterolateral corners of pygidium strongly rounded. Posterior margin with three or more pairs of posteriorly directed spines of varying lengths. | |
| F. A. Sundberg 1994 | \Zacanthoididae with cranidia with slightly expanding glabella, preglabellar field and anterior border present, long, narrow, strongly curved palpebral lobes terminating opposite preoccipital lobes, facial sutures widely divergent anterior of palpebral lobes. Thoracic axial lobe as wide or wider than pleural lobes exclusive of spines. Pygid- ium with axial lobe 33% or greater of pygidial width, pleural furrows shallow, border furrow indistinct, 3 or more pairs of posteriorly directed, flat spines on posterior margin. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Hendy 2009 | |||||
Collections (81 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cambrian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Z. sp. (200109) | |
| Cambrian | Argentina (San Juan ) | Z. sp. (200108) | |
| Dyeran | USA (New York) | Z. eatoni (225133) | |
| Delamaran | USA (California) | Z. sp. (149618) Z. typicalis (191414) | |
| Delamaran | Canada (British Columbia) | Z. romingeri (121959) Z. sp. (225256) | |
| Delamaran | USA (Nevada) | Z. alatus (149564) Z. demissus (77205) Z. divergensis (134248) Z. sp. (77204) Z. variacantha (149565) Z. walapai (134118 134119) | |
| Delamaran | USA (Idaho) | Z. idahoensis, Z. adjunctus, Z. gradatus, Z. abbreviatus, Z. serratus, Z. holopygus (76096) Z. sp. (207) | |
| Delamaran | USA (Utah) | Z. divergens (10565) Z. divergensis (134069 134070 134113) Z. fronslicinus (134059 134060 134061 134062 134063 134064 134065 134067) Z. grabaui (75635) Z. idahoensis (75639) Z. prolixis (75636) | |
| Delamaran | USA (Nevada and California) | Z. sp. (202) | |
| Delamaran - Topazan | USA (Idaho) | Z. idahoensis, Z. adjunctus, Z. gradatus, Z. holopygus (68909) | |
| Delamaran - Topazan | USA (Utah) | Z. idahoensis (227007) | |
| Delamaran - Menevian | Mexico | Z. holopygus (10687) | |
| Delamaran - Marjumian | USA (Nevada) | Z. fronslicinus (225257) | |
| Amgan | USA (Utah) | Z. sp. (225070) | |
| Solvan | USA (Nevada) | Z. sp. (9441 9454 9461) | |
| Solvan | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Z. gilberti (10812 10814 10815 10816 10817 10818 10819 10820 10821 10823 10824 10825 10826 10827 10830 10834 10836 10837 10841 10844 10846 10849) | |
| Templetonian | USA (Nevada) | Z. sp. indet. (225158) | |
| Wuliuan | Argentina (Mendoza) | Z. sp. (222585 223357) | |
| Wuliuan | USA (Utah) | Z. idahoensis (241014) | |
| Middle Cambrian | USA (Utah) | Z. idahoensis (232928) Z. sp. (86740) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Canada (Brithish Columbia) | Z. sp. (188664) | |
| Middle Cambrian | USA (Idaho) | Z. sampsoni (127486) | |
| Middle Cambrian | USA (Alaska) | Z. sp. 2 (64765) | |
| St Davids | USA (Utah) | Z. sp. (216) | |
| St Davids | USA (Vermont) | Z. kelsayae (78913) | |
| St Davids | Canada (British Columbia) | Z. nomengei (215) | |
| St Davids | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Z. sp. (209) | |
| St Davids | Greenland | Z. sp. (10478) | |
| Topazan | USA (Idaho) | Prozacanthoides alatus (50208) | |
| Marjumian | USA (Utah) | Z. sp. (230679) Z. spinosus (230682) | |
| Merioneth | Canada (Alberta-British Columbia) | Z. sp. (213) | |
| Merioneth | USA (Utah) | Z. sp. (206) |