PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Chriacus

Mammalia - Procreodi - Arctocyonidae

Taxonomy

Chriacus was named by Cope (1883). It is not extant. Its type is Lipodectes pelvidens.

It was assigned to Oxyclaenidae by Scott (1892), Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); to Chriacidae by Scott et al. (2013); and to Arctocyonidae by Cope (1883), Gazin (1969), McKenna and Bell (1997), Archibald (1998), Tabuce et al. (2011), Rose et al. (2012) and Halliday et al. (2017).

Species

C. badgleyi, C. baldwini (syn. C. schlosserianus, Tricentes crassicollidens, Metachriacus provocator, Spanoxyodon latrunculus, Oxyclaenus pearcei), C. calenancus, C. gallinae, C. katrinae, C. metocometi, C. oconostotae, C. pelvidens (syn. C. stenops), C. punitor (syn. C. pusillus), C. truncatus, Tricentes subtrigonus (syn. Mioclaenus bucculentus, Tricentes elassus, Tricentes latidens)

Synonyms

Spanoxyodon was named by Simpson (1935). Its type is Spanoxyodon latrunculus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Chriacus by Van Valen (1978), Winterfeld (1982), Archibald et al. (1987), Williamson and Lucas (1993) and Williamson (1996).

It was assigned to Arctocyonidae by Simpson (1935) and McKenna and Bell (1997).
Metachriacus was named by Simpson (1935).

It was synonymized subjectively with Tricentes by Van Valen and Sloan (1965); it was synonymized subjectively with Chriacus by Van Valen (1978), Winterfeld (1982), Hartman (1986), Archibald et al. (1987), Williamson and Lucas (1993) and Williamson (1996).
Tricentes was named by Cope (1884). Its type is Tricentes crassicollidens.

It was synonymized subjectively with Chriacus by Van Valen (1978), Winterfeld (1982), Archibald et al. (1987), Williamson and Lucas (1993) and Williamson (1996).

It was assigned to Mixodectidae by Cope (1884); to Oxyclaenidae by Scott (1892), Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); and to Arctocyonidae by Gazin (1969).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1883	Chriacus Cope
1884	Tricentes Cope p. 315
1892	Chriacus Scott p. 295
1892	Tricentes Scott p. 297
1902	Chriacus Hay p. 744
1902	Tricentes Hay p. 746
1930	Chriacus Hay p. 461
1930	Tricentes Hay p. 462
1935	Metachriacus Simpson
1935	Spanoxyodon Simpson
1965	Tricentes Van Valen and Sloan
1969	Chriacus Gazin p. 7
1969	Tricentes Gazin p. 8
1990	Metachriacus Fox
1997	Chriacus McKenna and Bell
1997	Spanoxyodon McKenna and Bell
1998	Chriacus Archibald
2011	Chriacus Tabuce et al. p. 152
2012	Chriacus Rose et al.
2013	Chriacus Scott et al.
2017	Chriacus Halliday et al. p. 525

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
order	Procreodi	Matthew 1915
family	Arctocyonidae	Murray 1866
genus	Chriacus	Cope 1883

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Chriacus Cope 1883

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†Chriacus badgleyi Gingerich 1989

†Chriacus baldwini Cope 1882

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Invalid names: Chriacus schlosserianus Cope 1888 [synonym], Metachriacus provocator Simpson 1935 [synonym], Oxyclaenus pearcei Gazin 1941 [synonym], Spanoxyodon latrunculus Simpson 1935 [synonym], Tricentes crassicollidens Cope 1884 [synonym]

†Chriacus calenancus Van Valen 1978

†Chriacus gallinae Matthew and Granger 1915

†Chriacus katrinae Van Valen 1978

†Chriacus metocometi Van Valen 1978

†Chriacus oconostotae Van Valen 1978

†Chriacus pelvidens Cope 1881

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Invalid names: Chriacus stenops Cope 1888 [synonym]

†Chriacus punitor Simpson 1935

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Invalid names: Chriacus pusillus Simpson 1935 [synonym]

†Chriacus truncatus Cope 1884

Invalid names: Metachriacus Simpson 1935 [synonym], Spanoxyodon Simpson 1935 [synonym], Tricentes Cope 1884 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialg

Diet:

omnivoreg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

"unmistakably" scansorial based on a specimen of Chriacus sp. sensu stricto (Rose 1987)g

Created:

2005-08-31 13:55:00

Modified:

2011-04-24 18:52:01

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Archibald 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Torrejonian to the top of the Clarkforkian or 63.80000 to 54.90000 Ma

Collections (131 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Puercan	66.0 - 63.3	USA (Montana)	Tricentes sp. (14766)
To2	63.8 - 60.9	Canada (Alberta)	C. sp. (14894)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Montana)	Metachriacus provocator (14917 14918 14919) Metachriacus provocator, Mimotricentes angustidens (14920) Metachriacus provocator, Mimotricentes latidens (14923) Metachriacus punitor, Mimotricentes latidens (14913) Mimotricentes angustidens (14909) Spanoxyodon latrunculus, Tricentes punitor, Mimotricentes latidens (14906)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Utah)	C. sp., Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14883) Mimotricentes elassus, Mimotricentes subtrigonus, Oxyclaenus pearcei, C. sp. (14830) Oxyclaenus pearcei (14889)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Texas)	Tricentes truncatus (14956 14975)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Wyoming)	C. baldwini, Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14898) C. katrinae, Mimotricentes sp. (14912) C. pelvidens, Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14886) Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14897 14900)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (New Mexico)	C. baldwini (14869) C. baldwini, C. pelvidens (14825) C. baldwini, C. pelvidens, Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14832 14833 14865 14868 14893) C. baldwini, Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14824) C. baldwini, Tricentes subtrigonus (14873) C. pelvidens, C. truncatus, Tricentes subtrigonus (14816) C. pelvidens, Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14815) Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14835 14859 14867) Tricentes sp. (14812 14813 14819) Tricentes subtrigonus (14826)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	Canada (Alberta)	C. punitor (143199 143200)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian	63.8 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	Mimotricentes subtrigonus (14851 14858)
Ti1	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	C. baldwini, C. pelvidens (14939)
Ti1	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Montana)	C. pelvidens (15021 15023)
Ti3	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	C. oconostotae (14928) Metachriacus sp. (14992)
Ti3	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Colorado)	Mimotricentes subtrigonus (99821)
Ti4	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Saskatchewan)	C. sp. (14978)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	C. baldwini (14981) C. oconostotae (14936) C. pelvidens (14983 15001 15036) C. pelvidens, C. truncatus, Tricentes subtrigonus (14965) C. sp. (14926 15017 190420 190462) C. sp., C. pelvidens (14989) Tricentes sp. (15034) Tricentes subtrigonus (15067)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Montana)	C. pelvidens (15025 15064) Tricentes sp. (14937 15047)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	C. sp. (14971)
Cf2	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	Tricentes sp. (46651)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	C. sp. (15072 15085 15092 15099 15159 15167 15183 190455) C. sp., Tricentes sp. (15082)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Colorado)	C. gallinae (15347) C. sp. (15239)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	C. badgleyi (15759 15761 15771) C. gallinae (15507 15551 15553 15554 15692 15707 15933 16015 16028 46692 46699 46704 46734 46810 46849 46851) C. sp. (15455 15552 15559 15573 15575 15576 15578 15688 15830) C. sp., C. badgleyi (15458)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Colorado)	C. gallinae (15327 15450 15485 15660 15725 15845 15868)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (New Mexico)	C. sp. (15446 15448)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	USA (Wyoming)	C. badgleyi (154251 154253 154254 154255 154256 154262 154271 154274 154276 154277 154282 154283 154286) C. gallinae (15680)