PBDB Taxon

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Hyaenodon

Osteichthyes - Hyaenodonta - Hyaenodontidae

Taxonomy

Hyaenodon was named by Laizer and Parieu (1838) [genotype European H. leptorhynchus]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Hyaenodontidae by Laizer and Parieu (1838), Scott (1892), Andrews (1906), Lambe (1908), McKenna and Bell (1997), Wang et al. (2005); and to Hyaenodontinae by Hay (1902), Savage (1965), Van Valen (1967), Polly (1996), Peigné et al. (2007), Borths et al. (2016), Solé and Mennecart (2019).

Species lacking formal opinion data

H. aymardi, H. brachyrhynchus, H. compressus, H. matthewsi, H. requieni, H. schlosseri

Synonyms

Taxotherium was named by Blainville (1841). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyaenodon by Van Valen (1967).
Protohyaenodon was named by Stock (1933). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyaenodon by Van Valen (1967).
Pseudopterodon was named by Schlosser (1887) [type a French species].

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyaenodon by Thorpe (1922), Stock (1933), Van Valen (1967), Mellett (1977), Gunnell (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1838	Hyaenodon Laizer and Parieu
1841	Taxotherium Blainville
1887	Pseudopterodon Schlosser
1892	Hyaenodon Scott p. 317
1902	Hyaenodon Hay p. 758
1906	Hyaenodon Andrews p. 218
1908	Hyaenodon Lambe
1933	Protohyaenodon Stock
1965	Hyaenodon Savage p. 278
1967	Hyaenodon Van Valen
1996	Hyaenodon Polly
1997	Hyaenodon McKenna and Bell
2005	Hyaenodon Wang et al. p. 2
2007	Hyaenodon Peigné et al. p. 443
2016	Hyaenodon Borths et al.
2019	Hyaenodon Solé and Mennecart

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Pancarnivora
order	Hyaenodonta	()
superfamily	Hyaenodontoidea	Leidy 1869
family	Hyaenodontidae	Leidy 1869
subfamily	Hyaenodontinae	Trouessart 1885
genus	Hyaenodon	Laizer and Parieu 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hyaenodon Laizer and Parieu 1838

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Subg. †Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) Savage 1965

†Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) andrewsi Savage 1965

†Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) matthewi Savage 1965

†Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) pilgrimi Savage 1965

†Hyaenodon americanus Bravard 1858

†Hyaenodon bavaricus Dehm 1935

†Hyaenodon brachycephalus Osborn 1909

†Hyaenodon brevirostrus Macdonald 1970

†Hyaenodon chunkhtensis Dashzeveg 1985

†Hyaenodon crucians Leidy 1853

Invalid names: Hyaenodon minutus Douglass 1902 [synonym], Hyaenodon paucidens Osborn and Wortman 1894 [synonym]

†Hyaenodon cruentus Leidy 1853

†Hyaenodon dubius Filhol 1873

†Hyaenodon eminus Matthew and Granger 1925

†Hyaenodon filholi Schlosser 1877

Invalid names: Hyaenodon vulpinus Filhol 1876 [synonym]

†Hyaenodon gigas Dashzeveg 1985

†Hyaenodon horridus Leidy 1853

†Hyaenodon incertus Dashzeveg 1985

Invalid names: Pterodon exploratus Dashzeveg 1985 [synonym]

†Hyaenodon leptocephalus Scott 1888

†Hyaenodon leptorhynchus Laizer and Parieu 1838

†Hyaenodon lingbaoensis Li et al. 2025

†Hyaenodon megaloides Mellett 1977

†Hyaenodon microdon Mellett 1977

†Hyaenodon minor Lange-Badré 1979

†Hyaenodon mongoliensis Dashzeveg 1964

†Hyaenodon montanus Douglass 1902

†Hyaenodon mustelinus Scott 1894

†Hyaenodon neimongoliensis Huang and Zhu 2002

†Hyaenodon pervagus Matthew and Granger 1924

†Hyaenodon raineyi Gustafson 1986

†Hyaenodon venturae Mellett 1977

Invalid names: Hyaenodon exiguus Stock 1933 [synonym]

†Hyaenodon vetus Stock 1933

Invalid names: Pterodon californicus Stock 1933 [synonym]

†Hyaenodon weilini Wang et al. 2005

†Hyaenodon yuanchuensis Young 1937

Invalid names: Protohyaenodon Stock 1933 [synonym], Pseudopterodon Schlosser 1887 [synonym], Taxotherium Blainville 1841 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoreg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

"meat group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988)g

Created:

2009-01-04 14:30:16

Modified:

2009-01-04 16:30:16

Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Gunnell 1998, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988

Age range: base of the Uintan to the top of the Middle Miocene or 46.20000 to 11.63000 Ma

Collections (132 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Sharamurunian	56.0 - 37.71	China (Shanxi)	H. yuanchuensis (42194)
Ypresian - Bartonian	56.0 - 37.71	France (Aude)	H. sp. (78233)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	United Kingdom (England)	H. sp. (41989 41992)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region)	H. sp., H. mongoliensis (241728)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	China (Henan)	H. lingbaoensis (239864) H. sp. (46193)
Uintan - Duchesnean	46.2 - 37.0	USA (New Mexico)	H. sp. (16879)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France (Rhone-Alpes Region)	H. schlosseri (31741)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (California)	H. exiguus, H. vetus (16810)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Utah)	H. sp. (16861)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	H. crucians, H. montanus (16835) H. montanus (16830) H. sp. (16828) H. vetus (16836 16857)
Duchesnean - Chadronian	39.7 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (16840)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Mongolia (Dornogobi Aimag)	H. chunkhtensis (152082)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	China (Nei Mongol)	H. sp. (182572 182574)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Mongolia	H. eminus (73781)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Mongolia (Dornogov)	H. sp. (38303 174918 205811) H. sp., H. eminus, H. pervagus, Megalopterodon mongoliensis (176016) H. sp., H. incertus, H. eminus, H. pervagus, H. mongoliensis, H. gigas (174716) Pterodon exploratus, H. gigas, Pterodon sp. (174715)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	H. minor (40030)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	France (Quercy)	H. brachyrhynchus, H. requieni, H. minor (12850)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region)	H. requieni, H. minor (31760)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	H. brachyrhynchus (12842) H. minor (12849) H. sp.1 (31764)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region)	H. requieni (31747)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Spain (Catalonia)	H. minor (31751)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	H. sp. (39643)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region)	H. vulpinus (12848)
Ulangochuian	37.71 - 33.9	China (Nei Mongol)	H. incertus, H. pervagus (73808) H. mongoliensis (73811)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene	37.71 - 27.3	Egypt (Fayum)	H. sp. (65960)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	H. crucians (16918 16930)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	H. crucians, H. horridus (16942 16943) H. crucians, H. montanus (16962) H. horridus, H. venturae (17045) H. megaloides, H. montanus, H. mustelinus (16963) H. montanus (16964) H. sp. (16920 16952) H. venturae (16960) H. vetus (16961)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	H. cruentus (16938) H. horridus, H. montanus (16885) H. montanus, H. cruentus (17006)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (New Mexico)	H. horridus (17002)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	H. horridus (17023) H. horridus, H. microdon, H. mustelinus (16919)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Texas)	H. crucians (16887) H. horridus (17030) H. sp. (16888)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	H. minutus (16988) H. sp. (16990)
Chadronian - Orellan	37.0 - 31.8	USA (Wyoming)	H. sp. (16993)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Nebraska)	H. crucians (17098 17164)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (South Dakota)	H. crucians (17296) H. crucians, H. cruentus (17295) H. crucians, H. horridus (17133 17153) H. mustelinus (17092) H. sp. (17094 17173 17187 17189 163487)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Colorado)	H. crucians, H. mustelinus (17081) H. horridus (17082 17083)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Wyoming)	H. crucians, H. horridus (17104 17105 17106)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Ningxia)	H. sp. (182895)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia	H. pervagus (53979)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Auvergne Region)	H. leptorhynchus, H. dubius (31767)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia (Ömnögovi)	H. sp., H. pervagus, H. chunkhtensis (176360)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Nei Mongol)	H. sp. 1, H. sp. 2, H. neimongoliensis (174759)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia (Övörkhangai)	H. eminus, H. pervagus (180961) H. incertus, H. pervagus, H. gigas (201191) H. mongoliensis (187301) H. pervagus (201185)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	H. aymardi (31583)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Gansu)	H. pervagus (53972)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Xinjiang)	H. sp. (180951 180952)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia (Dornogovi)	Hyaenodon indet. (176559)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	Czechia	H. sp. (91467)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Midi-Pyrenées)	H. leptorhynchus (167537)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France	H. leptorhynchus, H. dubius (183452)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	H. leptorhynchus (181092)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine )	H. leptorhynchus (183511)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Bayern)	H. leptorhynchus (91491)
MP 23	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	H. leptorhynchus (36709)
MP 24	33.9 - 27.3	France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées)	H. leptorhynchus, H. dubius (182658)
Whitneyan	31.8 - 29.5	USA (South Dakota)	H. horridus (17337) H. sp. (17336 17338 17343 17345 17358 17384)
Geringian	29.5 - 24.7	USA (South Dakota)	H. brevirostrus (17612)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Nebraska)	H. sp. (17513)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (California)	H. sp. (17497)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Switzerland (Canton Solothurn)	H. compressus, H. filholi (182805)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Georgia	H. aymardi, H. sp. (182744)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	France (Tarn-et-Garonne)	H. leptorhynchus (181648)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Türkiye (Anatolia)	H. sp. (184173)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Germany	H. leptorhynchus (183664)
MP 25	27.3 - 23.04	France	H. leptorhynchus (60214)
MP 28	27.3 - 23.04	France (Quercy)	H. leptorhynchus (36712 36715)
MP 28	27.3 - 23.04	France (Puy-de-Dôme)	H. leptorhynchus (179177)
MP 29	27.3 - 23.04	France (Aquitaine)	H. leptorhynchus (37208)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Kenya (Northern Frontier District)	H. andrewsi (122454)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	China (Gansu)	H. sp. (42065)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Kenya	H. andrewsi, H. matthewi, H. pilgrimi (21725) H. matthewsi, H. andrewsi, H. pilgrimi (21726) H. sp. (27858 38060 87341)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Kenya	H. andrewsi (21724)