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Hyaenodontidae

Osteichthyes - Hyaenodonta - Hyaenodontidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Hyaenodontidae Leidy
1875Hyaenodontidae Cope p. 5–7
1889Hyaenodontidae Cope p. 876
1891Hyaenodontidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902Hyaenodontidae Hay p. 756
1906Hyaenodontidae Andrews p. 218
1908Hyaenodontidae Lambe
1967Hyaenodontidae Van Valen
1988Hyaenodontidae Carroll
2001Hyaenodontidae Sach and Heizmann p. 27
2005Hyaenodontidae Lange-Badré and Böhme p. 312
2005Hyaenodontidae Wang et al. p. 2
2006Hyaenodontidae Gheerbrant et al. p. 476
2007Hyaenodontidae Lavrov
2007Hyaenodontidae Morales et al. p. 72
2007Hyaenodontidae Morlo et al. p. 146
2008Hyaenodontidae Morales et al.
2009Hyaenodontidae Bajpai et al. p. 103
2012Hyaenodontidae Rose et al.
2014Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2014Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2015Hyaenodontidae Rana et al.
2015Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2016Hyaenodontidae Borths et al.
2019Hyaenodontidae Dubied et al.
2019Hyaenodontidae Solé and Mennecart
2019Hyaenodontidae Zack p. 17

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—Pancarnivora
orderHyaenodonta()
superfamilyHyaenodontoideaLeidy 1869
familyHyaenodontidaeLeidy 1869
familyHyaenodontidaeLeidy 1869

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Hyaenodontidae Leidy 1869
show all | hide all
G. †Acrohyaenodon Ameghino 1904
+
†Acrohyaenodon acutidens Rovereto 1914
†Acrohyaenodon pungens Ameghino 1904
G. †Ahknatenavus Holroyd 1999
Subfm. †Arfiinae Solé et al. 2014
+
G. †Arfia Van Valen 1965
+
†Arfia gingerichi Smith and Smith 2001
†Arfia junnei Gingerich 1989
†Arfia langebadreae Lavrov and Lopatin 2004
†Arfia opisthotoma Matthew 1901
†Arfia palustris Tong and Wang 2006
†Arfia shoshoniensis Matthew and Granger 1915
†Arfia zele Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
Invalid names: Anthracoxyaena Tong and Wang 2006 [synonym]
G. †Boritia Solé et al. 2014
+
†Boritia duffaudi Solé et al. 2014
G. †Cartierodon Solé and Mennecart 2019
+
†Cartierodon egerkingensis Solé and Mennecart 2019
G. †Cynohyaenodon Filhol 1873
+
†Cynohyaenodon cayluxi Filhol 1873
†Cynohyaenodon lautricensis Lange-Badré 1978
†Cynohyaenodon magnus Crochet 1988
†Cynohyaenodon minor Filhol 1877
†Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri Lange-Badré 1979
†Cynohyaenodon trux Solé et al. 2014
Invalid names: Pseudosinopa Deperet 1917 [synonym]
G. †Eurotherium Polly and Lange-Badré 1993
+
†Eurotherium matthesi Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
†Eurotherium theriodis Van Valen 1965
Subfm. †Hyaenodontinae Trouessart 1885
+
G. †Hyaenodon Laizer and Parieu 1838
+
†Hyaenodon americanus Bravard 1858
†Hyaenodon bavaricus Dehm 1935
†Hyaenodon brachycephalus Osborn 1909
†Hyaenodon brevirostrus Macdonald 1970
†Hyaenodon chunkhtensis Dashzeveg 1985
†Hyaenodon crucians Leidy 1853
+
Invalid names: Hyaenodon minutus Douglass 1902 [synonym], Hyaenodon paucidens Osborn and Wortman 1894 [synonym]
†Hyaenodon cruentus Leidy 1853
†Hyaenodon dubius Filhol 1873
†Hyaenodon eminus Matthew and Granger 1925
†Hyaenodon filholi Schlosser 1877
+
Invalid names: Hyaenodon vulpinus Filhol 1876 [synonym]
†Hyaenodon gigas Dashzeveg 1985
†Hyaenodon horridus Leidy 1853
†Hyaenodon incertus Dashzeveg 1985
+
Invalid names: Pterodon exploratus Dashzeveg 1985 [synonym]
†Hyaenodon leptorhynchus Laizer and Parieu 1838
†Hyaenodon lingbaoensis Li et al. 2025
†Hyaenodon megaloides Mellett 1977
†Hyaenodon microdon Mellett 1977
†Hyaenodon minor Lange-Badré 1979
†Hyaenodon mongoliensis Dashzeveg 1964
†Hyaenodon montanus Douglass 1902
†Hyaenodon mustelinus Scott 1894
†Hyaenodon neimongoliensis Huang and Zhu 2002
†Hyaenodon pervagus Matthew and Granger 1924
†Hyaenodon raineyi Gustafson 1986
†Hyaenodon venturae Mellett 1977
+
Invalid names: Hyaenodon exiguus Stock 1933 [synonym]
†Hyaenodon vetus Stock 1933
+
Invalid names: Pterodon californicus Stock 1933 [synonym]
†Hyaenodon weilini Wang et al. 2005
†Hyaenodon yuanchuensis Young 1937
Invalid names: Protohyaenodon Stock 1933 [synonym], Pseudopterodon Schlosser 1887 [synonym], Taxotherium Blainville 1841 [synonym]
G. †Isphanatherium Lavrov and Averianov 1998
+
†Isphanatherium ferganensis Lavrov and Averianov 1998
G. †Megalopterodon Dashzeveg 1964
G. †Neoparapterodon Lavrov 1996
+
†Neoparapterodon rechetovi Dashzeveg 1985
G. †Propterodon Martin 1906
+
†Propterodon morrisi Matthew and Granger 1924
+
Invalid names: Propterodon irdinensis Matthew and Granger 1925 [synonym]
†Propterodon panganensis de Bonis et al. 2018
†Propterodon tongi Liu and Huang 2002
†Propterodon witteri Zack 2019
Subfm. †Indohyaenodontinae Solé et al. 2014
+
G. †Indohyaenodon Bajpai et al. 2009
+
†Indohyaenodon raoi Bajpai et al. 2009
G. †Yarshea Egi et al. 2004
+
†Yarshea cruenta Egi et al. 2004
G. †Ischnognathus Stovall 1948
+
†Ischnognathus savagei Stovall 1948
Subfm. †Koholiinae Crochet 1988
+
G. †Boualitomus Gheerbrant et al. 2006
+
†Boualitomus marocanensis Gheerbrant et al. 2006
G. †Koholia Crochet 1988
+
†Koholia atlasense Crochet 1988
G. †Lahimia Solé et al. 2009
+
†Lahimia selloumi Solé et al. 2009
G. †Leonhardtina Matthes 1952
+
†Leonhardtina godinoti Solé et al. 2014
†Leonhardtina gracilis Matthes 1952
†Leonhardtina meridianum Solé et al. 2020
G. †Matthodon Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
+
†Matthodon menui Rich 1971
†Matthodon peignei Solé et al. 2020
†Matthodon tritens Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
G. †Neohyaenodon Thorpe 1922
G. †Oxyaenoides Matthes 1967
+
†Oxyaenoides aumelasiensis Solé et al. 2020
†Oxyaenoides bicuspidens Matthes 1967
†Oxyaenoides lindgreni Rich 1971
†Oxyaenoides schlosseri Rütimeyer 1891
Invalid names: Francotherium Rich 1971 [synonym]
G. †Paracynohyaenodon Martin 1906
+
†Paracynohyaenodon magnus Crochet 1991
G. †Preregidens Solé et al. 2015
+
†Preregidens langebadrae Solé et al. 2015
Unr. †Prionogalidae Morales et al. 2008
+
G. †Namasector Morales et al. 2008
+
†Namasector soriae Morales et al. 2008
G. †Prionogale Schmidt-Kittler and Heizmann 1991
+
†Prionogale breviceps Schmidt-Kittler and Heizmann 1991
G. †Prodissopsalis Matthes 1950
+
†Prodissopsalis eocaenicus Matthes 1952
Invalid names: Imperatoria Matthes 1952 [synonym]
G. †Protopsalis Cope 1880
+
†Protopsalis tigrinus Cope 1880
G. †Quercytherium Filhol 1880
+
†Quercytherium simplicidens Solé et al. 2014
†Quercytherium tenebrosum Solé et al. 2014
G. †Schizophagus Lange-Badre 1975
Subfm. †Sinopinae Solé et al. 2014
+
G. †Acarictis Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
+
†Acarictis ryani Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Galecyon Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
+
†Galecyon chronius Zack 2011
†Galecyon gallus Solé et al. 2013
†Galecyon mordax Matthew and Granger 1915
†Galecyon morloi Smith and Smith 2001
†Galecyon peregrinus Zack 2011
G. †Gazinocyon Polly 1996
+
†Gazinocyon vulpeculus Matthew and Granger 1915
†Gazinocyon whitiae Cope 1882
G. †Prototomus Cope 1874
+
†Prototomus deimos Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus girardoti Smith and Smith 2001
†Prototomus martis Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus minimus Smith and Smith 2001
†Prototomus phobos Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus robustus Matthew and Granger 1915
G. †Proviverroides Bown 1982
+
G. †Pyrocyon Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
+
†Pyrocyon dioctetus Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Pyrocyon strenuus Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Sinopa Leidy 1871
+
†Sinopa aculeatus Cope 1872
†Sinopa ethiopica Andrews 1906
†Sinopa eximia Leidy 1873
†Sinopa grangeri Matthew 1906
†Sinopa insectivorus Cope 1871
†Sinopa jilinia Morlo et al. 2014
†Sinopa lania Matthew 1909
†Sinopa major Wortman 1902
†Sinopa minor Wortman 1902
†Sinopa pungens Cope 1872
†Sinopa rapax Leidy 1871
+
Invalid names: Stypolophus aculeatus Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Sinopa viverrinus Cope 1874
Invalid names: Stypolophus Cope 1871 [synonym], Triacodon Marsh 1871 [synonym]
G. †Tritemnodon Matthew 1906
+
†Tritemnodon agilis Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Sinopa gracilis Wortman 1902 [synonym], Stypolophus brevicolcarabus Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Tritemnodon hians Cope 1877
†Tritemnodon strenuus Cope 1875
G. †Thereutherium Filhol 1876
+
†Thereutherium thylacodes Filhol 1876
G. †Tinerhodon Gheerbrant 1995
+
†Tinerhodon disputatus Gheerbrant 1995
Invalid names: Hyaenaelurinae Pilgrim 1932 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Gheerbrant et al. 2006Creodonta with upper molars either three or reduced to two; two front upper molars specialised as carnassial teeth either tuberculo-sectorial or completely sectorial; last upper molar, when present, transversely extended; all the lower molars specialised as carnassial teeth ; P\ two-rooted, except in some specialised genera; primitive forms with long and slender skulls; tail long and heavy; later forms with more robust skull, claws blunt; cursorial adaptations to a varying extent, [after Pilgrim 1932].
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-30 14:44:28
Modified: 2005-08-30 16:44:28
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Gunnell 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Selandian to the top of the Middle Miocene or 61.66000 to 11.63000 Ma

Collections (537 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Morocco Boualitomus marocanensis (68176) Lahimia selloumi (133217)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Mongolia Sinopa sp. (133399)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Morocco (Meknès-Tafilalet) Tinerhodon disputatum (88301 133241)
Thanetian - Early/Lower Eocene59.24 - 48.07France (Marne) Hyaenodontidae indet., Arfia gingerichi (133367)
Lostcabinian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Hyaenodontidae indet. (15917) Prototomus sp. (15915)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Mississippi) Prototomus sp. (15719)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Acarictis ryani (15747 15822) Acarictis ryani, Arfia junnei (15458) Acarictis ryani, Arfia junnei, Prototomus deimos (15759) Acarictis ryani, Arfia shoshoniensis (46818) Acarictis ryani, Arfia shoshoniensis, Galecyon mordax, Prototomus phobos (15788) Acarictis ryani, Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus martis (15754) Arfia junnei (15760 15761 15771 15817 15831) Arfia opisthotoma (15593 15699 15702 15741 15743 15744 15745 15757 15802 46641 46698 46732 46733 46739 46753 46771 46776 46778 46789 46795 46797 46798 46800 46801 46832 46840) Arfia opisthotoma, Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus phobos (46809) Arfia opisthotoma, Prototomus martis (15695) Arfia opisthotoma, Prototomus martis, Prototomus phobos (15790) Arfia opisthotoma, Prototomus phobos (15758 15776 15799) Arfia opisthotoma, Prototomus robustus (15705 15807) Arfia shoshoniensis (15592 15730 15765 15797 15818 15820 15829 15898 15932 16016 16017 16019 16055 46642 46643 46645 46646 46664 46667 46672 46687 46688 46690 46768 46772 46773 46780 46783 46787 46794 46803 46808 46813 46824 46844) Arfia shoshoniensis, Galecyon mordax, Prototomus deimos, Prototomus martis, Prototomus phobos (15796) Arfia shoshoniensis, Galecyon mordax, Prototomus martis, Prototomus phobos (15727) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus deimos (15819) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus deimos, Prototomus martis (15762) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus martis (15586 15588 15594 15683 15733 15755 15756 15764 15792) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus martis, Prototomus phobos (15779 46792 46819) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus phobos (15589 15726 15794 46807) Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus robustus (46814) Arfia zele (15731 15749 15773 15774 15775 15781 15789 15809 46661 46823) Arfia zele, Prototomus deimos (15729) Arfia zele, Prototomus deimos, Prototomus phobos (15587) Arfia zele, Prototomus phobos (15590 15738 46659) Galecyon mordax (15734 15750 15823) Galecyon mordax, Prototomus phobos (46834) Gazinocyon vulpeculus (15454) Hyaenodontidae indet. (15780 46694 46775 186941 186945) Paeneprolimnocyon mordax, Paeneprolimnocyon mordax (15912) Prototomus deimos (15753 15832) Prototomus martis (15623 15698 15763 15770 15824 46639 46744) Prototomus mordax (15934) Prototomus mordax, Tritemnodon sp. (15575) Prototomus phobos (15735 15736 15746 15752 15803 15815 15826 15899 46720 46726 46731 46784 46835 46838) Prototomus phobos, Prototomus robustus (15694 15814 15835) Prototomus robustus (15543 15682 15696 15697 15704 15767 15804 15806 46704 46708 46714 46760 46825 46843) Prototomus robustus, Prototomus secundarius (15706 15707) Prototomus robustus, Prototomus viverrinus, Tritemnodon strenua (15534) Prototomus robustus, Tritemnodon strenuus (15687) Prototomus secundarius (15622 15686 15689 46699 46703 46763 46826 186952) Prototomus secundarius, Tritemnodon strenua (15548) Prototomus secundarius, Tritemnodon strenuus (15620 46746) Prototomus sp. (15468 15495 15503 15521 15550 15553 15555 15557 15566 15852 27268 46811 46831) Prototomus sp., Arfia opisthotoma (15493 15504 15505 15507 15510 15512 15513 15518 15523) Prototomus sp., Prolimnocyon atavus, Arfia opisthotoma (15491) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon hians (15552 15578) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon sp. (15559 15573 15577 15839) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon sp., Arfia opisthotoma (15516) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon sp., Arfia opisthotoma, Tritemnodon strenua (15520 15531) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon sp., Tritemnodon strenua (15522 15532) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon strenua (15536 15538 15551 15554 15556 15558 15560) Prototomus sp., Tritemnodon strenua, Arfia opisthotoma (15524) Prototomus vulpecula, Tritemnodon hians (15576) Pyrocyon dioctetus (46766 46777) Sinopa multicuspis (15455 15597) Sinopa multicuspis, Sinopa strenua (15889) Sinopa strenua (15907) Sinopa viverrina (15723) Sinopa vulpecula (15710) Sinopa vulpecula, Sinopa strenua (15662) Tritemnodon sp. (15511) Tritemnodon sp., Arfia opisthotoma (15514) Tritemnodon sp., Arfia sp., Prototomus sp. (15793) Tritemnodon sp., Prolimnocyon atavus, Arfia opisthotoma (15515) Tritemnodon strenua, Prototomus vulpecula (15964) Tritemnodon strenuus (15703)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (New Mexico) Hyaenodontidae indet. (15439) Prototomus viverrinus (15452) Sinopa sp. (15663)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (North Dakota) Sinopa sp. (15895)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Colorado) Acarictis ryani, Sinopa sp. (15887) Arfia opisthotoma, Arfia shoshoniensis, Prototomus deimos, Prototomus martis, Sinopa sp. (15485) Hyaenodontidae indet. (15861) Prototomus martis, Prototomus viverrinus (15480) Prototomus secundarius (15725) Prototomus sp. (15225 15278 15290 15377 15388) Sinopa sp. (15857) Tritemnodon strenuus (15279 15309)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
MP 2927.3 - 23.04France (Aquitaine) Hyaenodon leptorhynchus (37208)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Namibia (Karas) H. unnamed species (168036) H. unnamed species, Namasector soriae (146601)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Mongolia Hyaenodontidae indet. (182090)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Uganda Prionogale breviceps (28441)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Kenya (Northern Frontier District) Hyaenodontidae indet., Hyaenodon andrewsi (122454)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98China (Gansu) Hyaenodon sp. (42065)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Kenya Hyaenodon andrewsi, Hyaenodon matthewi, Hyaenodon pilgrimi (21725) Hyaenodon matthewsi, Hyaenodon andrewsi, Hyaenodon pilgrimi (21726) Hyaenodon sp. (27858 38060 87341)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Nepal Hyaenodontidae indet. (48712)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Kenya Hyaenodon andrewsi (21724)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Hyaenodontidae indet. (35277 35281)