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Mesosauria
Taxonomy
Mesosauria was named by Seeley (1892).
It was reranked as the order Mesosauri by Gadow (1898), Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Mesosauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the order Mesosauria by Huene (1954), Karl et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Plesiosauria by Gadow (1898); to Rhynchocephalia by Osborn (1903); to Enaliosauri by Jaekel (1910); to Gephyrostegi by Jaekel (1911); to Ichthyopterygia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Theromorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Cotylosauria by Carroll (1969); to Anapsida by Carroll (1988); to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1989); and to Proganosauromorpha by Karl et al. (2007).
It was reranked as the order Mesosauri by Gadow (1898), Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Mesosauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the order Mesosauria by Huene (1954), Karl et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Plesiosauria by Gadow (1898); to Rhynchocephalia by Osborn (1903); to Enaliosauri by Jaekel (1910); to Gephyrostegi by Jaekel (1911); to Ichthyopterygia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Theromorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Cotylosauria by Carroll (1969); to Anapsida by Carroll (1988); to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1989); and to Proganosauromorpha by Karl et al. (2007).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1887 | Proganosauria Baur p. 103 |
| 1890 | Proganosauria Zittel p. 592 |
| 1892 | Mesosauria Seeley p. 604 |
| 1892 | Proganosauria Seeley p. 604 |
| 1898 | Mesosauri Gadow p. 23 |
| 1903 | Mesosauria Osborn p. 276 |
| 1903 | Proganosauria Osborn p. 276 |
| 1903 | Proganosauria Stefano p. 54 |
| 1904 | Proganosauria Osborn p. 109 |
| 1910 | Mesosauri Jaekel p. 334 |
| 1911 | Mesosauri Jaekel p. 139 |
| 1937 | Proganosauria Roxo p. 43 |
| 1946 | Proganosauria Kuhn p. 58 |
| 1954 | Mesosauria Haughton and Brink p. 3 |
| 1954 | Mesosauria Huene p. 26 |
| 1969 | Mesosauria Carroll p. 167 |
| 1988 | Mesosauria Carroll |
| 1989 | Mesosauria Gauthier et al. p. 340 |
| 2007 | Mesosauria Karl et al. p. 67 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. †Mesosauria Seeley 1892
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Fm. †Mesosauridae Baur 1889
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G. †Mesosaurus Gervais 1865
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†Mesosaurus tenuidens Gervais 1865
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Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus capensis Gürich 1889 [synonym], Mesosaurus brasiliensis Mac Gregor 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus Gürich 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesosaurus pleurogaster Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Noteosaurus Broom 1913 [invalid subgroup], Noteosaurus africanus Broom 1913 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Neusticosauria Seeley 1892 [empty], Proganosauria Baur 1887 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Osborn 1903 (Proganosauria) | Aquatic Diaptosauria. Greatly elongated face. Slender prehensile teeth. Vertebrae expanded superiorly (i.e.,neurocentra), perforated below by notochord, amphicoelous; hypocentra generally wanting. Caudals with 'splitting point.' Ribs slender, proximally attached to grooves in pleurocentra, expanded distally. Pectoral girdle plate-like,without sutural division of procoracoid and coracoid. Pelvic girdle plate-like, with broad pubes perforated by obturator foramen, and more elongate ischia. Five free distal tarsalia. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: Artinskian or 290.10000 to 283.30000 Ma
Collections (39 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artinskian | Namibia (Erongo) | Mesosaurus tenuidens (28468 28469 28470 28471) | |
| Artinskian | Brazil (Ceará) | Stereosternum tumidum (90216) | |
| Artinskian | Uruguay (Cerro Largo) | Mesosaurus sp., Mesosaurus brasiliensis (90863 90865) | |
| Artinskian | Namibia (Karas) | Mesosaurus sp. (90780) Mesosaurus sp., Mesosaurus tenuidens (90755) | |
| Artinskian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Mesosauridae indet. (79927) Stereosternum tumidum, Mesosaurus tenuidens (90191) | |
| Artinskian | Brazil (Goiás) | Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis, Stereosternum tumidum (89833) Mesosauridae indet., Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis, Stereosternum tumidum, Mesosaurus tenuidens (89839) | |
| Artinskian | Brazil (Paraná) | Mesosauridae indet., Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis, Stereosternum tumidum (90227) Mesosauridae indet., Mesosaurus tenuidens (90190) Mesosaurus brasiliensis (90341 90573) Mesosaurus tenuidens (90344 90423) Mesosaurus tenuidens, Mesosaurus brasiliensis (90323) | |
| Artinskian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Ditrochosaurus capensis (89799) Mesosaurus sp., Mesosaurus pleurogaster (90257) Mesosaurus tenuidens (90303 90311 90312 90345) Noteosaurus africanus (13083) | |
| Artinskian | Paraguay (Guairá) | Mesosauridae indet., Mesosaurus tumidus (90832) | |
| Artinskian | Brazil (São Paulo) | Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis (90214) Mesosauria indet. (242348) Mesosauridae indet. (90358) Mesosauridae indet., Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis, Stereosternum tumidum (90429) Mesosauridae indet., Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis, Stereosternum tumidum, Mesosaurus tenuidens (90193) Mesosauridae indet., Stereosternum tumidum (90226) Mesosaurus tenuidens (90339) Stereosternum tumidum (90192 90217) Stereosternum tumidum, Mesosaurus brasiliensis (90215) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Mesosauridae indet. (230311) |