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Mixosaurus

Reptilia - Mixosauridae

Taxonomy
Mixosaurus was named by Baur (1887) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis-l Tr Ladi-u Sepkoski's reference number: 2,1066]. It is the type genus of Mixosaurinae. It was considered monophyletic by Motani (1999).

It was assigned to Mixosauria by Motani (1999); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Mixosaurinae by Merriam (1908), Hay (1930), Maisch and Matzke (2001) and Maisch (2010); and to Mixosauridae by von Huene (1951), Appleby (1967), Kuhn (1971), Appleby (1979), Carroll (1988), Callaway and Brinkman (1989), Sander (2000), Maisch and Matzke (2000), McGowan and Motani (2003), Jiang et al. (2006), Liu et al. (2013) and Ji et al. (2016).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Mixosaurus Baur
1891Mixosaurus major Fraas
1908Mixosaurus Merriam p. 88
1916Mixosaurus helveticus von Huene figs. Plate 4, Fig. 9-10; Plate 5 Fig. 1-4
1916Mixosaurus intermedius von Huene
1916Mixosaurus helveticus von Huene p. 19
1916Mixosaurus intermedius von Huene p. 19 figs. Plates 6-8
1916Mixosaurus major von Huene p. 20
1930Mixosaurus Hay p. 124
1931Mixosaurus timorensis Broili
1951Mixosaurus von Huene p. 90
1967Mixosaurus Appleby p. 137
1971Mixosaurus Kuhn p. 21
1971Mixosaurus helveticus Kuhn p. 22
1971Mixosaurus intermedius Kuhn p. 22
1971Mixosaurus major Kuhn p. 22
1979Mixosaurus Appleby p. 944
1988Mixosaurus Carroll
1989Mixosaurus Callaway and Brinkman p. 1493
1998Sangiorgiosaurus Brinkmann p. 132
1999Mixosaurus Motani fig. 1
2000Mixosaurus Maisch and Matzke pp. 62, 95
2000Mixosaurus Sander
2001Mixosaurus Maisch and Matzke p. 442
2002Mixosaurus Sepkoski
2003Mixosaurus McGowan and Motani
2006Mixosaurus Jiang et al. p. 62
2010Mixosaurus Maisch
2013Mixosaurus Liu et al.
2016Mixosaurus Ji et al. p. 9

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Ichthyosauromorpha
Ichthyosauriformes
Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
Eoichthyosauria
Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
Hueneosauria
familyMixosauridaeBaur 1887
genusMixosaurusBaur 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Mixosaurus Baur 1887
show all | hide all
Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani 1886
Mixosaurus kuhnschneyderi Brinkmann 1998
Mixosaurus xindianensis Chen and Cheng 2010
Invalid names: Mixosaurus helveticus von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus intermedius von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus major Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus timorensis Broili 1931 [nomen dubium], Sangiorgiosaurus Brinkmann 1998 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. M. Appleby 1979"As set out by von Huene (1956) except that the pubis may or may not have a foramen."
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000"Small mixosaurids not exceeding 25 cm skull length and 1,5 m total length, tooth implantation subthecodontous to aulacodontous, no plicidentine, orbit very large, postorbital skull segment only about one quarter of anteroposterior orbital diameter in length, sagittal crest low, not protruding far above dorsal skull outline, postaxial sixth finger of forefin rudimentary."
D.-Y. Jiang et al. 2006Humerus relatively short and wide, being about as long as broad; maxilla with dental groove.
C. Ji et al. 2016Posterior tooth crown rounded rather than conical.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2009-07-20 06:07:40
Modified: 2010-02-23 00:20:57
Source: o = order
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: Pelsonian or 247.20000 to 242.00000 Ma

Collections (11 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Triassic251.902 - 201.4Germany (Aargau) M. helveticus (214578)
Triassic251.902 - 201.4Germany (Bavaria) M. intermedius (214577)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) M. kuhnschnyderi (196553)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Switzerland M. cornalianus (175949)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Italy Ichthyosaurus cornalianus (149323)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0USA (Nevada) M. natans (102473)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) M. xindianensis (104825)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0USA (Nevada) M. sp. (102378 102379)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Switzerland M. sp., Sangiorgiosaurus sp. (13344)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Switzerland (Kanton Tessin) M. sp. (86837)