PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Muraenosaurus

Osteichthyes - Plesiosauria - Cryptoclididae

Taxonomy

Muraenosaurus was named by Seeley (1874) [Sepkoski's age data: J Call J Oxfo]. Its type is Muraenosaurus leedsii.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cimoliosaurus by Lydekker (1889).

It was assigned to Muraenosauridae by White (1940); to Cimoliosauridae by Delair (1960); to Plesiosauridae by Welles (1962); to Elasmosauridae by Seeley (1892), Andrews (1910), Wegner (1914), Brown (1981), Carroll (1988), Gasparini and Spalletti (1993); to Plesiosauroidea by Carpenter (1999), Gasparini et al. (2002); to Plesiosauria by Hay (1930), Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptocleidoidea by O'Keefe (2004), Otero et al. (2012); and to Cryptoclididae by O'Keefe (2001), Ketchum and Benson (2010), Benson and Druckenmiller (2014).

Species

M. elasmosauroides, M. fahrenkohli, M. leedsii (syn. M. platyclis, Tremamesacleis durobrivensis, M. plicatus, Cimoliosaurus plicatus) (type species), M. purbecki

Synonyms

Tremamesacleis was named by White (1940) [Sepkoski's age data: J u].

It was synonymized subjectively with Muraenosaurus by Brown (1981).

It was assigned to Tremamesacleididae by White (1940); and to Plesiosauria by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1874	Muraenosaurus Seeley p. 197
1892	Muraenosaurus Seeley p. 151
1910	Muraenosaurus Andrews p. 77
1914	Muraenosaurus Wegner p. 289
1930	Muraenosaurus Hay p. 120
1940	Muraenosaurus White p. 461
1940	Tremamesacleis White p. 463
1960	Muraenosaurus Delair p. 60
1962	Muraenosaurus Welles p. 7
1981	Muraenosaurus Brown p. 340
1988	Muraenosaurus Carroll
1993	Muraenosaurus Gasparini and Spalletti p. 250
1999	Muraenosaurus Carpenter p. 168 fig. 15
2001	Muraenosaurus O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2002	Muraenosaurus Gasparini et al.
2002	Muraenosaurus Sepkoski
2002	Tremamesacleis Sepkoski
2004	Muraenosaurus O'Keefe p. 337 figs. Fig. 11
2010	Muraenosaurus Ketchum and Benson p. 15
2012	Muraenosaurus Otero et al.
2014	Muraenosaurus Benson and Druckenmiller figs. 2-3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
suborder	Sauropterygia
order	Plesiosauria	de Blainville 1835
superfamily	Plesiosauroidea	Welles 1943
family	Cryptoclididae	Williston 1925
genus	Muraenosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Muraenosaurus Seeley 1874

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†Muraenosaurus elasmosauroides Bogolubov 1911

†Muraenosaurus fahrenkohli Waldheim 1846

†Muraenosaurus leedsii Seeley 1874

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Invalid names: Cimoliosaurus plicatus Phillips 1871 [synonym], Muraenosaurus platyclis Seeley 1892 [synonym], Muraenosaurus plicatus Phillips 1871 [synonym], Tremamesacleis durobrivensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

†Muraenosaurus purbecki Bogolubov 1911

Invalid names: Tremamesacleis White 1940 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
T. E. White 1940 (Tremamesacleis)	"Skull brachycephalic; teeth conical and of medium length; orbits anterior to midlength of skull; 38 cervical, 21 dorsal, and 14 + caudal vertebrae; cervical ribs single-headed; clavicles and in terclavicle present and well developed; interclavicular foramen present, bounded anteriorly and probably laterally by the interclavicle (Andrews, 1910, pl. 6, fig. 3, indicates that the posterior extent of the clavicles and interclavicle was greater than the diagram shows); scapulae meeting in midline and meeting the coracoids between the scapulo-coracoid fenestrae."

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

aquatico

Depth habitat:

surfaceo

Diet:

carnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparouso

Created:

2009-07-20 06:05:48

Modified:

2011-08-12 01:58:15

Source: o = order

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: Early/Lower Callovian or 165.30000 to 161.50000 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	United Kingdom (England)	M. leedsii (119563) Plesiosaurus plicatus (140699)
Early/Lower Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Argentina (Neuquen)	M. sp. (140300)
Late/Upper Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais)	M. plicatus (144756)
Middle Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	United Kingdom (England)	M. leedsi (133067) M. leedsii, M. durobrivensis, M. platyclis (109800) M. sp., M. leedsii (142299)
Callovian - Oxfordian	165.3 - 154.8	United Kingdom (England)	M. plicatus (140700)