| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Pterygotoidea
Taxonomy
Pterygotoidea was named by Clarke and Ruedemann (1912).
It was corrected as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was misspelled as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was assigned to Eurypterina by Tetlie et al. (2007); and to Diploperculata by Lamsdell et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was corrected as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was misspelled as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was assigned to Eurypterina by Tetlie et al. (2007); and to Diploperculata by Lamsdell et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1912 | Pterygotoidea Clarke and Ruedemann |
| 1951 | Hughmilleroidea Kjellesvig-Waering |
| 2002 | Hughmilleroidea Braddy et al. p. 902 |
| 2003 | Hughmilleroidea Brauckmann et al. p. 58 |
| 2007 | Pterygotoidea Tetlie et al. p. 621 |
| 2013 | Pterygotioidea Dunlop et al. p. 24 |
| 2013 | Pterygotoidea Lamsdell et al. p. 360 |
| 2020 | Pterygotioidea Dunlop et al. p. 25 |
| 2025 | Pterygotoidea Lamsdell |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Pterygotoidea Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
show all | hide all
Fm. †Ciurcopteridae Lamsdell 2025
hide
G. †Ciurcopterus Tetlie and Briggs 2009
+
†Ciurcopterus sarlei Ciurca and Tetlie 2007
†Ciurcopterus ventricosus Kjellesvig-Waering 1948
Fm. †Hughmilleriidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
hide
G. †Hughmilleria Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
+
Subg. †Hughmilleria (Nanahughmilleria) Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Hughmilleria lata Størmer 1934
†Hughmilleria norvegica Kiaer 1911
†Hughmilleria wangi Tetlie et al. 2007
Fm. †Pterygotidae Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
hide
G. †Acutiramus Ruedemann 1935
+
†Acutiramus bohemicus Barrande 1872
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus blahai Semper 1898 [synonym], Pterygotus comes Barrande 1872 [synonym], Pterygotus mediocris Barrande 1872 [synonym]
†Acutiramus cummingsi Grote and Pitt 1875
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus acuticaudatus Pohlman 1882 [synonym], Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlman 1881 [synonym], Pterygotus quadraticaudatus Pohlman 1882 [synonym]
†Acutiramus floweri Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster 1955
†Acutiramus macrophthalmus Hall 1859
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus juvenis Clarke and Ruedemann 1912 [synonym], Pterygotus osborni Hall 1859 [synonym]
†Acutiramus nobilis Kjellesvig-Waering 1964
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus nobilis Barrande 1872 [replaced]
†Acutiramus perneri Chlupac 1994
†Acutiramus perryensis Leutze 1958
†Acutiramus suwanneensis Kjellesvig-Waering 1955
Invalid names: Bunodella Matthew 1889 [synonym]
G. †Erettopterus Salter 1859
+
†Erettopterus brodiei Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus canadensis Dawson 1878
†Erettopterus exophthalmus Kjellesvig-Waering and Leutze 1966
†Erettopterus gigas Salter 1859
†Erettopterus globiceps Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
†Erettopterus grandis Pohlman 1881
†Erettopterus laticauda Schmidt 1883
†Erettopterus marstoni Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus megalodon Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus osiliensis Schmidt 1883
†Erettopterus qujingensis Ma et al. 2022
†Erettopterus salweyi Woodward 1871
†Erettopterus serratus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus serricaudatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1979
+
Invalid names: Erettopterus carinatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1979 [synonym]
†Erettopterus spatulatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus waylandsmithi Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster 1955
Invalid names: Himantopterus Salter 1856 [replaced], Necrogammarus [synonym], Truncatiramus [synonym]
G. †Jaekelopterus
+
†Jaekelopterus howelli Kjellesvig-Waering and Stoermer 1952
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus mcgrewi Kjellesvig-Waering and Richardson 1986 [synonym]
†Jaekelopterus marylandicus Kjellesvig-Waering 1964
†Jaekelopterus rhenaniae Jaekel 1914
G. †Pterygotus Agassiz 1844
+
†Pterygotus anglicus Agassiz 1844
+
Invalid names: Pterygotus atlanticus Clarke and Ruedemann 1912 [synonym], Pterygotus minor Woodward 1864 [synonym]
†Pterygotus arcuatus Salter 1859
†Pterygotus carmani Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus cobbi Hall 1859
†Pterygotus denticulatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus fissus Seemann 1906
†Pterygotus floridanus Kjellesvig-Waering 1950
†Pterygotus gaspesiensis Russell 1954
†Pterygotus grandidentatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus holmi Størmer 1934
†Pterygotus kopaninensis Barrande 1872
†Pterygotus leptodactylus M'Coy 1849
†Pterygotus lightbodyi Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus ludensis Salter 1859
†Pterygotus ventricosus Kjellesvig-Waering 1948
†Pterygotus vogti Størmer 1934
†Pterygotus wanggaii Ma et al. 2023
Invalid names: Curviramus Ruedemann 1935 [synonym], Pterygotus (Pterygotus) Agassiz 1845 [invalid subgroup], Pterygotus siemiradzkii Strand 1926 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Jaekelopteridae Stoermer 1974 [synonym]
Fm. †Slimoniidae Novojilov 1962
hide
G. †Salteropterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
Invalid names: Hughmilleroidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1951 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Aeronian to the top of the Early/Lower Famennian or 440.50000 to 368.50000 Ma
Collections (124 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Llandovery | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Slimonia dubia (26885) | |
| Llandovery | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12765) | |
| Llandovery - Wenlock | Libya | Pterygotus sp. (26987) | |
| Llandovery - Wenlock | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Pterygotus lanarkensis, Slimonia acuminata, Erettopterus bilobus (26889) Slimonia acuminata, Erettopterus bilobus (26886) | |
| Llandovery - Ludlow | USA (New York) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12764) | |
| Silurian | USA (New York) | Pterygotus sp. (10456) | |
| Silurian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12763) | |
| Aeronian | Morocco | Pterygotus sp. (26985) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Slimonia dubia (153581) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom (South Lanarkshire) | Hughmilleria sp., Slimonia acuminata (237854) | |
| Telychian | China (Chongqing ) | Hughmilleria wangi (225096) | |
| Telychian | China | Hughmilleria wangi (236761) | |
| Telychian | China (Sichuan) | Pterygotidae indet. (27907) | |
| Telychian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12921) | |
| Telychian | China (Hunan) | Hughmilleria wangi (184699) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden | Truncatiramus serricaudatus, Erettopterus carinatus (233124) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Norway | Pterygotidae indet. (184696) Pterygotus sp. (14266 184697) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden (Gotland) | Truncatiramus serricaudatus, Erettopterus carinatus (26919) | |
| Wenlock | United Kingdom (England) | Pterygotus grandidentatus (26909) | |
| Wenlock | Spain (Seville) | Pterygotidae indet. (676) | |
| Wenlock | USA (Maryland) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus marylandicus (14193) | |
| Wenlock | Canada (Ontario) | Pterygotus canadensis (14195) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hughmilleria sp. (26906) | |
| Homerian | Bolivia | Slimonia boliviana (26984) | |
| Rootsikula | Norway | Erettopterus holmi (26928) Pterygotus holmi (14308) Pterygotus sp. (26927) | |
| Rootsikula | Estonia | Pterygotus impactus, Truncatiramus osiliensis, Erettopterus laticauda (26922) | |
| Gorstian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (26988) | |
| Paadla | Estonia | Pterygotus sp. (26925) | |
| Ludlow | Ukraine (Khmelnitsky) | Pterygotus sp. (225270) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hughmilleria sp. (26896) | |
| Ludlow | Ukraine | Pterygotus sp. (23373) | |
| Ludlow | USA (New York) | Hughmilleria socialis, Pterygotus sarlei, Pterygotus monroensis (26080) | |
| Ludlow | Libya | Pterygotus sp. (26986) | |
| Ludlow | USA (West Virginia) | Truncatiramus sp. (14204) | |
| Ludlow | USA (Pennsylvania) | Truncatiramus sp. (14206) | |
| Gorstian - Pridoli | USA (West Virginia) | Hughmilleria bellistriata (39812) | |
| Ludlow - Pridoli | USA (West Virginia) | Truncatiramus exopthalmus (14202) | |
| Ludfordian | USA (New York) | Pterygotus waylandsmithi, Pterygotus floweri (26085) | |
| Ludfordian | USA (Indiana) | Pterygotus ventricosus (14207) | |
| Ludfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus denticulatus, Pterygotus lightbodyi (26911) Pterygotus sp. (8307) Salteropterus longilabium, Erettopterus marstoni, Pterygotus arcuatus (26910) Truncatiramus gigas (26912) | |
| Pridoli | Australia (New South Wales) | Pterygotus sp. (235895) | |
| Pridoli | USA (Ohio) | Truncatiramus perryensis (26079) | |
| Pridoli | USA (New York) | Acutiramus macrophthalmus (26868) Acutiramus macrophthalmus, Erettopterus grandis, Pterygotus cobbi (26089) Erettopterus sp., Hughmilleria trigona, Pterygotus grandis, Pterygotus macrophthalmus, Pterygotus cummingsi, Pterygotus juvenis (491) Hughmilleria sp., Pterygotus sp. (493) Pterygotidae indet. (26086) Pterygotus juvensis, Acutiramus macrophthalmus (26087) Pterygotus sp. (517 542 26869) | |
| Pridoli | China (Yunnan) | Slimonia sp., Erettopterus qujingensis (226625) | |
| Pridoli | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13883 23021 23029) | |
| Pridoli | Canada (New Brunswick) | Acutiramus sp. (161318) Bunodella horrida (161317) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus taurinus (26917) Hughmilleria acuminata, Hughmilleria banksi, Salteropterus abbreviatus, Truncatiramus gigas, Erettopterus spatulatus (26915) Hughmilleria acuminata, Hughmilleria banksi, Slimonia stylops, Truncatiramus gigas, Erettopterus brodiei, Erettopterus spatulatus, Pterygotus ludensis (26914) Pterygotidae indet. (26913) | |
| Pridoli | Vietnam | Hughmilleria sp. (125232 184695) | |
| Pridoli | USA (Florida) | Acutiramus suwanneensis (26877) | |
| Pridoli | Czechia | Erettopterus sp., Truncatiramus sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Pterygotus bohemicus, Acutiramus nobilis (13894) Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus bohemicus, Acutiramus nobilis (232620) Pterygotus barrandei, Pterygotus bohemicus (14080) Pterygotus bohemicus (14040 14043) Slimonia acuminata, Pterygotus bohemicus (14039) Slimonia sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus bohemicus, Pterygotus fissus, Acutiramus nobilis (14131) | |
| Pridoli - Lochkovian | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13889) | |
| Lochkovian | Czechia | Acutiramus bohemicus (14121) Acutiramus perneri (231818) Slimonia sp., Acutiramus perneri, Pterygotus blahai, Erettopterus sp. (13895) | |
| Lochkovian | Australia (New South Wales) | Pterygotidae indet. (225145) | |
| Lochkovian | China (Yunnan) | Pterygotus wanggaii (216598) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Herefordshire) | Pterygotus anglicus (201736) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (Florida) | Pterygotus floridanus (75630) | |
| Lochkovian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Pterygotidae indet. (14201) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Pterygotus minor, Pterygotus anglicus (26908) Pterygotus sp. (155918) | |
| Lochkovian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | Pterygotus sp. (231624) | |
| Lochkovian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (225147) | |
| Lochkovian | France | Pterygotidae indet. (26981) | |
| Lochkovian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus atlanticus (593) | |
| Lochkovian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Pterygotus sp. (60391) | |
| Lochkovian | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13881 13886 13887 13891) | |
| Lochkovian | Norway | Pterygotus sp., Pterygotus vogti (26929) | |
| Lochkovian | Czechia (Prague) | Acutiramus sp. (12068) | |
| Lochkovian | Spain (Barcelona) | Acutiramus sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus perneri (231817) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (New York) | Acutiramus sp. (26871) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (Wyoming) | Jaekelopterus howelli (153534) | |
| Lochkovian | Ukraine | Pterygotus siemiradskii (26978) | |
| Helderbergian - Pragian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus atlanticus (14199) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | USA (Ohio) | Erettopterus saetiger, Pterygotus carmani (26874) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | China (Yunnan) | Pterygotus wanggaii (237238) | |
| Lochkovian - Middle Devonian | Czechia | Acutiramus sp. (10314) | |
| Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Acutiramus bohemicus (225146) | |
| Pragian | Algeria | Pterygotus bohemicus (27185) | |
| Pragian - Eifelian | Australia (New South Wales) | Jaekelopterus sp. (235896) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Jaekelopterus rhenaniae (155775) Jaekelopterus sp. (230899) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Alken) | Jaekelopterus rhenaniae (27049) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus anglicus (232474) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Pterygotus gaspesiensis (232264) Pterygotus sp. (608) | |
| Emsian | USA (Wyoming) | Jaekelopterus howelli (26176) | |
| Emsian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (225148) | |
| Middle Devonian | USA (Indiana) | Pterygotus sp. (225038) | |
| Givetian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Hughmilleria sp. (60392 60393) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Rhenish Massif) | Pterygotus sp. (5960) |