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Blastoidea (blastoid)

Blastoidea

Taxonomy
Blastoidea was named by Say (1825).

It was assigned to Crinozoa by Beaver et al. (1967); to Echinodermata by Sepkoski (2002); and to Blastozoa by Sumrall and Waters (2012).

Subtaxa
Coronoidea, Dissimiloblastus, Eublastoidea, Freisoblastus, Lotusoblastus, Lysocystites, Macurdablastus, Passalocrinus, Spiraculata, Zygocrinus
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by P. Novack-Gottshall on 2022-12-04

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Blastoidea Say
1967Blastoidea Beaver et al. p. S1
2002Blastoidea Sepkoski
2012Blastoidea Sumrall and Waters p. 970

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
RankNameAuthor
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
classBlastoideaSay 1825
classBlastoideaSay 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. †Blastoidea Say 1825 [blastoid]
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Unr. †Coronoidea Brett et al. 1983
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Or. †Coronata Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Stephanoblastidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Paracystis Sjöberg 1915
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†Paracystis ostrogothicus Sjöberg 1915
G. †Tormoblastus Jaekel 1927
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†Tormoblastus bodae Jaekel 1927
Fm. †Stephanocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1886
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G. †Cupulocorona Donovan and Paul 1985
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†Cupulocorona rugosa Donovan and Paul 1985
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Invalid names: Cupulocorona digitalis Donovan and Paul 1985 [synonym]
G. †Mespilocystites Barrande 1877
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†Mespilocystites lemenni Gutiérrez-Marco et al. 1996
†Mespilocystites tregarvanicus Chauvel and Le Menn 1973
G. †Stephanoblastus Jaekel 1918
G. †Stephanocrinus Conrad 1842
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†Stephanocrinus angulatus Conrad 1842
†Stephanocrinus ramsbottomi Donovan and Paul 1985
G. †Dissimiloblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Dissimiloblastus inequalis Bohatý et al. 2024
Subcl. †Eublastoidea Bather 1899
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Superor. †Fissiculata Jaekel 1918
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G. †Angulatoblastus Macurda, Jr. 1979
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†Angulatoblastus triangularis Macurda, Jr. 1979
G. †Artuschisma Macurda 1983
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†Artuschisma rossica Briemer and Macurda 1968
Fm. †Astrocrinidae Austin and Austin, Jr. 1843
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G. †Astrocrinus Morris 1843
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†Astrocrinus benniei Etheridge 1878
†Astrocrinus tetragonus Austin and Austin, Jr. 1843
Invalid names: Astrocrinites Conrad 1840 [synonym]
G. †Ceratoblastus Wanner 1940
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†Ceratoblastus nanus Wanner 1940
Fm. †Brachyschismatidae Fay 1961
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G. †Brachyschisma Reimann 1945
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†Brachyschisma corrugatum Reimann 1935
†Brachyschisma oostheizeni Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Fm. †Codasteridae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
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G. †Agmoblastus Fay 1961
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†Agmoblastus caddense Strimple and Mapes 1977
G. †Angioblastus Wanner 1931
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†Angioblastus boliviensis Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
†Angioblastus dotti Moore and Strimple 1942
†Angioblastus ellesmerensis Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
†Angioblastus miloradovitchi Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
†Angioblastus omanensis Webster et al. 2025
†Angioblastus qararii Webster et al. 2025
†Angioblastus variabilis Wanner 1931
†Angioblastus wanneri Yakovlev 1926
G. †Anthoblastus Wanner 1924
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†Anthoblastus brouweri Wanner 1924
†Anthoblastus stellifomis Wanner 1924
G. †Austroblastus McKellar 1969
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†Austroblastus whitehousei McKellar 1969
G. †Codaster M'Coy 1849
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†Codaster acutus M'Coy 1849
†Codaster americanus Shumard 1858
†Codaster pyramidatus Shumard 1858
†Codaster robustus Rowley 1857
†Codaster whitei Hall 1861
G. †Corrugatoblastus Sprinkle and Waters 2013
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†Corrugatoblastus savilli Sprinkle and Waters 2013
G. †Indoblastus Wanner 1924
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†Indoblastus granulatus Wanner 1924
†Indoblastus weberi Wanner 1924
G. †Nannoblastus Wanner 1924
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†Nannoblastus cuspidatus Wanner 1924
†Nannoblastus pyramidatus Wanner 1924
G. †Notoblastus Brown 1941
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†Notoblastus brevispinus Brown and Brown 1941
†Notoblastus cornutus Mc Kellar 1969
†Notoblastus oyensi Wanner 1940
†Notoblastus stellaris Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Paracodaster Yakovlev 1940
G. †Peterotoblastus Wanner 1924
G. †Pterotoblastus Wanner 1924
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†Pterotoblastus decemcostis Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
†Pterotoblastus ferrugineus Breimer and Macurda 1972
†Pterotoblastus gracilis Wanner 1924
G. †Sagittoblastus Yakovlev 1937
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†Sagittoblastus wanneri Yakovlev 1926
G. †Dolichoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
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†Dolichoblastus shirnanskii Breimer and Macurda 1972
G. †Kazachstanoblastus Arendt et al. 1968
G. †Leptoschisma Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
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†Leptoschisma pentagonum Macurda 1983
G. †Mastoblastus Arendt et al. 1969
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†Mastoblastus ornatus Arendt et al. 1968
Fm. †Neoschismatidae Wanner 1940
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G. †Neoschisma Wanner 1924
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†Neoschisma cornutum McKellar 1969
†Neoschisma extensum Webster and Jell 1992
†Neoschisma timorense Wanner 1940
†Neoschisma verrucosum Wanner 1924
G. †Timoroblastus Wanner 1924
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†Timoroblastus coronatus Wanner 1924
†Timoroblastus weiensis Wanner 1940
Fm. †Nymphaeoblastidae Wanner 1940
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G. †Pentremitella Lehmann 1949
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†Pentremitella osoleae Lehmann 1949
Fm. †Orophocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Katoblastus Macurda, Jr. 1967
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†Katoblastus konincki Macurda, Jr. 1967
†Katoblastus puzos Von Munster 1843
G. †Orophocrinus von Seebach 1865
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†Orophocrinus catactus Rowley 1900
†Orophocrinus celticus Macurda Jr. 1965
†Orophocrinus conicus Wachsmuth and Springer 1888
†Orophocrinus gracilis Meek and Worthern 1870
†Orophocrinus orbignyanus de Koninck 1842
†Orophocrinus praelongus Bailey 1886
†Orophocrinus saltensis Macurda Jr. 1965
†Orophocrinus stelliformis Owen and Shumard 1850
†Orophocrinus versus Cumberland 1826
†Orophocrinus verus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Pentablastus Sieverts-Doreck 1951
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†Pentablastus supracarbonicus Breimer and Macurda 1972
G. †Pentephyllum Haughton 1859
G. †Pachyblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
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†Pachyblastus dicki Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Fm. †Phaenoschismatidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
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G. †Caryoblastus Breimer et al. 1968
G. †Cryptoschisma Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
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†Cryptoschisma schultzii d'Archaic and Verneuil 1845
G. †Decaschisma Fay 1961
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†Decaschisma lorae Dunbar 1920
†Decaschisma pulchellus Miller and Dyer 1878
G. †Deltoschisma Fay 1961
G. †Dipteroblastus Wanner 1940
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†Dipteroblastus permicus Wanner 1940
G. †Hadroblastus Fay 1962
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†Hadroblastus benniei Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
†Hadroblastus blain Miller and Gurley 1895
†Hadroblastus breimeri Ausich and Meyer 1988
†Hadroblastus hibernicus Macurda 1983
†Hadroblastus whitei Hall 1861
G. †Heteroschisma Wachsmuth 1883
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†Heteroschisma canadense Billings 1869
G. †Junggaroblastus Lane et al. 1997
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†Junggaroblastus hoxtolgayensis Lane et al. 1997
G. †Koryschisma Sprinkle and Gutschick 1990
G. †Microblastus Eykeren 1942
G. †Nymphaeoblastus Von Peetz 1907
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†Nymphaeoblastus miljukovi Von Peetz 1907
G. †Pentremitidea d'Orbigny 1950
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†Pentremitidea archiaci Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1882
†Pentremitidea lusitanica Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1882
†Pentremitidea pailleti De Verneuil 1844
†Pentremitidea paillettei De Verneuil 1844
G. †Phaenoblastus Fay 1961
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†Phaenoblastus caryophyllatus de Koninck and Le Hon 1854
†Phaenoblastus caryophyllus de Konnick and Le Hon 1854
†Phaenoblastus pecki Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Phaenoschisma Etheridge and Carpenter 1882
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†Phaenoschisma acutum Sowerby 1836
†Phaenoschisma caryophyllatus de Koninck and Le Hon 1854
†Phaenoschisma chouteaui Macurda 1964
†Phaenoschisma gracillimum Rowley and Hare 1891
†Phaenoschisma laeviculum Rowley 1900
†Phaenoschisma parvum Macurda 1983
†Phaenoschisma pecki Macurda 1964
†Phaenoschisma saharae Briemer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Pleuroschisma Reimann 1945
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Invalid names: Pleuroschisma hibbardi Reimann 1945 [synonym], Pleuroschisma ontario Reimann 1945 [synonym]
†Pleuroschisma verneuili Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1882
G. †Polydeltoideus Reimann and Fay 1961
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†Polydeltoideus enodatus Riemann and Fay 1961
†Polydeltoideus plasovae Prokop 1962
G. †Sphaeroschisma Wanner 1924
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G. †Sphagoblastus Jell 1983
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†Sphagoblastus adectus Jell 1983
G. †Sundablastus Wanner 1924
G. †Thaumatoblastus Wanner 1924
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G. †Tympanoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
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†Tympanoblastus pousirewskii Stuckenberg 1875
G. †Xenoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
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†Xenoblastus decussatus Shumard 1858
Superor. †Stomatoblastida Waters and Macurda Jr. 2026
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Or. †Cribroblastida Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
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Fm. †Cribroblastidae Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
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G. †Arcuoblastus Macurda 1977
G. †Cribroblastus Hambach 1903
G. †Decemoblastus Macurda 1977
G. †Euryoblastus Ausich and Meyer 1988
G. †Heteroblastus Etheridge, Jr. and Carperter 1886
G. †Iranoblastus Flugel 1966
G. †Tholoblastus Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
Fm. †Schizoblastidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
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G. †Acentrotremites Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1883
G. †Auloblastus Beaver 1961
G. †Deltoblastus Fay 1961
G. †Hydroblastus Sumrall et al. 2009
G. †Lophoblastus Rowley 1901
G. †Orbiblastus Macurda 1965
G. †Pinguiblastus Waters et al. 2011
G. †Schizoblastus Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1882
Or. †Pentremitida Matsumoto 1929
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Fm. †Ambolostomatidae Horowitz et al. 1986
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G. †Ambolostoma Peck 1930
Fm. †Conuloblastidae Bohatý et al. 2024
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G. †Conuloblastus Breimer and Dop 1975
G. †Hreggoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
Fm. †Hyperoblastidae Fay 1964
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G. †Absensoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
G. †Altusoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
G. †Calycoblastus Wanner 1924
Subfm. †Eleutherocrininae Bather 1899
Subfm. †Hyperoblastinae Fay 1964
G. †Hyperoblastus Fay 1961
G. †Pentahedronoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
Superfm. †Pentremitoidea Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
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Fm. †Pentremitidae d'Orbigny 1851
Fm. †Strongyloblastidae Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
Superor. †Tubuloblastida Waters and Macurda Jr. 2026
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Or. †Granatocrinida Bather 1900
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Fm. †Granatocrinidae Fay 1961
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G. †Carpenteroblastus Rowley 1901
G. †Deliablastus Ausich and Meyer 1988
G. †Dentiblastus Macurda, Jr 1964
G. †Gongyloblastus Macurda, Jr and Racheboeuf 1975
G. †Granatocrinus Hall 1862
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Invalid names: Granatocrinites Troost 1849 [synonym]
G. †Mesoblastus Etheridge Jr and Carpenter 1886
G. †Monadoblastus Fay 1961
G. †Perittoblastus Ausich and Meyer 1988
G. †Poroblastus Fay 1961
G. †Ptychoblastus Fay 1960
G. †Pyramiblastus Macurda, Jr. 1964
G. †Tanaoblastus Fay 1961
G. †Xyeleblastus Ausich and Meyer 1988
Fm. †Nodoblastidae Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
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G. †Cryptoblastus Etherridge, Jr. and Carpender 1886
G. †Nodoblastus Fay 1963
Or. †Orbitremitida Macurda Jr. and Sprinkle 2026
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Fm. †Orbitremitidae Bather 1899
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G. †Doryblastus Fay 1961
G. †Ellipticoblastus Fay 1960
G. †Globoblastus Hambach 1903
G. †Houiblastus Lane 1997
G. †Monoschizoblastus Cline 1936
G. †Orbitremites Austin and Austin 1842
G. †Freisoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Freisoblastus hemisphaericus Bohatý et al. 2024
G. †Lotusoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Lotusoblastus medusa Jaekel 1895
G. †Lysocystites Miller 1889
G. †Macurdablastus Broadhead 1984
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†Macurdablastus uniplicatus Broadhead 1984
G. †Passalocrinus Peck 1936
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†Passalocrinus uralicus Arendt 1981
Superor. †Spiraculata Jaekel 1918
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G. †Malchiblastus McKellar 1966
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†Malchiblastus australis Etheridge 1892
Or. †Nucleocrinida Waters and Horowitz 1993
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Fm. †Nucleocrinidae Bather 1899
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G. †Elaeacrinus Roemer 1851
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†Elaeacrinus verneuili Troost 1841
G. †Nucleocrinus Conrad 1842
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†Nucleocrinus bosei Sumrall et al. 2009
†Nucleocrinus elegans Conrad 1842
†Nucleocrinus obovatus Barris 1883
G. †Placoblastus Fay 1961
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†Placoblastus obovatus Barris 1883
Or. †Troosticrinida Bather 1900
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Fm. †Troosticrinidae Bather 1899
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Subfm. †Belocrininae Horowitz et al. 1986
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G. †Belocrinus Munier-Chalmas 1881
G. †Diploblastus Fay 1961
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†Diploblastus diploblastus Feldman 1987
†Diploblastus glaber Meek and Worthen 1869
Subfm. †Ropaloblastinae Fay 1964
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G. †Ropaloblastus Fay 1964
Subfm. †Troosticrininae Bather 1899
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G. †Costatoblastus Sprinkle and Gutschick 1967
G. †Metablastus Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Schizotremites Reimann 1945
G. †Tricoelocrinus Meek and Worthen 1868
G. †Troosticrinus Shumard 1866
Invalid names: Calycoblastinae Fay 1964 [empty]
Invalid names: Diploblastidae Fay 1964 [empty]
G. †Uyguroblastus Lane et al. 1997
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†Uyguroblastus conicus Lane et al. 1997
G. †Xinjiangoblastus Lane et al. 1997
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†Xinjiangoblastus ornatus Lane et al. 1997
G. †Zygocrinus Bronn 1848
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitep
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Low-intermediate level tiering according to Bottjer & Ausich (1986); placed in intermediate-level epifaunal tier.c
Created: 2004-02-28 15:52:18
Modified: 2010-02-09 11:56:54
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Letna to the top of the Griesbachian or 463.30000 to 250.50000 Ma

Collections (453 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (Kentucky) Macurdablastus uniplicatus (124619)
Oretanian468.0 - 461.0Portugal Mespilocystites sp. (21013)
Letna - Harnagian463.3 - 457.2Czechia Mespilocystites bohemicus (3861)
Dobrotivian461.0 - 459.7Spain (Guadalajara) Mespilocystites lemenni (194904)
Berounian - Vinice459.7 - 457.3Spain (Zaragoza) Mespilocystites lemenni (196921)
Berounian459.7 - 450.1Czechia Mespilocystites bohemicus (197259)
Berounian459.7 - 450.1Spain (Zaragoza) Mespilocystites lemenni (196901)
Berounian - Cautleyan459.7 - 448.8Spain (Sevilla) Mespilocystites sp. (20928)
Vinice - Late/Upper Ordovician459.3 - 443.1Czechia Mespilocystites bohemicus (3863)
Zahorany - Late/Upper Ordovician459.3 - 443.1Czechia Mespilocystites bohemicus (3865)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Artinskian - Wuchiapingian290.1 - 254.14Oman Deltoblastus molengraaffi (275576)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Australia (Queensland) Fissiculata indet. 1, Fissiculata indet. 2, Austroblastus whitehousei, Neoschisma cornutum, Rhopaloblastus belfordi (101561)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Oman Angioblastus qararii, Angioblastus omanensis, Deltoblastus sevastopuloi (275574)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Australia (Western Australia) Thaumatoblastus sp. (120601)
Kungurian - Roadian283.3 - 266.9Oman Timoroblastus coronatus, Deltoblastus pseudodelta (275575)
Roadian274.4 - 266.9Thailand (Trang) Blastoidea indet. (40870 40895)
Roadian274.4 - 266.9Australia (New South Wales) Blastoidea indet. (120243 150828) Tricoelocrinus belfordi (150826 150827)
Roadian - Wordian274.4 - 264.28Australia (New South Wales) Notoblastus brevispinus (230519)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Zhejiang) Blastoidea indet. (60533)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5China (Zhejiang) Blastoidea indet. (105221)