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Carangiformes

Osteichthyes - Carangiformes

Taxonomy
Carangiformes was named as an order. It is extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Carangiformes by Jordan (1963).

It was assigned to Rhegnopteri by Jordan (1963); to Carangimorphariae by Betancur et al. (2013); to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Carangaria by van der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa
Carangidae, Coryphaenidae, Ductoridae, Echeneidae, Nematistiidae, Opisthomyzonidae, Rachycentridae
Species lacking formal opinion data
C. undet
Entered
by M. Clapham on 2013-04-24

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Carangiformes Jordan p. 683
2013Carangiformes Betancur et al.
2016Carangiformes Nelson et al. p. 383
2019Carangiformes van der Laan p. 77

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Carangaria
orderCarangiformes
orderCarangiformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. Carangidae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Alectis Rafinesque 1815
G. †Archaeus Agassiz 1843
+
†Archaeus brevis Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus glarisianus Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus oblongus Danil'chenko 1968
G. †Argyreiosus Sauvage 1870
G. †Belgocaranx Taverne et al. 2006
+
†Belgocaranx luypaertsi Taverne et al. 2006
G. †Carangidarum Koken
+
†Carangidarum caldius Aoki 1968
G. Caranx Lacépède 1802
+
†Caranx albyi Sauvage 1880
†Caranx baltruschi de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx femeri de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx gracilis Kramberger 1882
†Caranx macoveii Pauca 1929
†Caranx orolomaensis David 1946
†Caranx primaevus Eastman 1904
†Caranx scillae Sauvage 1873
†Caranx weileri Bogatshov 1933
G. †Ceratoichthys Blot 1969
+
†Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis Blainville 1818
G. Decapterus Bleeker 1850
+
†Decapterus agilis Jordan 1925
†Decapterus hopkinsi Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Eastmanalepes Bannikov 1984
+
†Eastmanalepes primaevus Eastman 1904
G. †Equula Cuvier 1815
+
†Equula altapinna Weiler 1955
G. †Lichia Cuvier 1817
+
Lichia amia Linnaeus 1758
†Lichia secunda Winkler 1880
†Lichia veronensis Bannikov and Sorbini 1990
G. Oligoplites Gill 1864
+
†Oligoplites spinosus Smirnov 1936
G. †Paratrachinotus Blot 1969
G. Platax Cuvier 1817
+
†Platax altissimus Agassiz 1835
†Platax macropterygius Agassiz 1835
†Platax papilio Volta 1796
†Platax woodwardii Agassiz 1839
G. Pseudocaranx Bleeker 1863
+
†Pseudocaranx pertenuis Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Pseudovomer Sauvage 1870
+
†Pseudovomer minutus Sauvage 1870
G. Selene Lacepède 1802
G. Seriola Cuvier 1817
+
†Seriola dallonii Arambourg 1927
†Seriola prisca Agassiz 1834
†Seriola sanctaebarbarae Jordan 1921
G. Teratichthys Koenig 1825
+
G. †Trachicaranx Daniltshenko 1968
+
†Trachicaranx tersus Danil'chenko 1968
G. Trachurus Lacépède 1802
+
†Trachurus costatus Casier 1966
Trachurus declivis Jenyns 1841
Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner 1868
†Trachurus miosensis Lafond-Grellety 1979
†Trachurus reineckei Hoedemakers 2023
Trachurus symmetricus Ayres 1855 [Pacific jack mackerel]
Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Vomeropsis Heckel 1853
+
†Vomeropsis triurus Volta 1796
Invalid names: Archaeinae Bannikov 1990 [invalid subgroup], Vomeropsinae Bannikov 1984 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Ductoridae
+
G. †Ductor Agassiz 1834
+
†Ductor leptosomus Agassiz 1834
†Ductor vestenae Voltra 1796
+
G. Echeneis Linnaeus 1758
+
†Echeneis urupensis Daniltshenko 1958
G. †Oligoremora Micklich et al. 2016
+
†Oligoremora rhenana Micklich et al. 2016
Fm. Opisthomyzonidae Jordan 1923
+
G. †Opisthomyzon Cope 1889
Fm. Rachycentridae Gill 1896
+
G. Rachycentron Kaup 1826
+
†Rachycentron stremphaencus Godfrey and Carnevale 2021
Invalid names: Coryphaenidae [empty], Nematistiidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: suspension feederp
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Bambach et al. 2007, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (127 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Danian66.0 - 61.66Egypt (Qena) Carangidae undet, C. undet (279809)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Carangidarum sp. (22943)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Carangidarum sp. (159793 159794)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Trachurus sp. (219011)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Teratichthys antiquitatis (215472)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Ductor vestenae, Vomeropsis triurus, Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis, Eastmanalepes primaevus, Lichia veronensis, Trachicaranx pleuronectiformis, Seriola prisca (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Turkmenistan Archaeus oblongus (186444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Virginia) Teratichthys antiquitatus (15595)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Teratichthys antiquitatis (13299)
Mangaorapan - Heretaungan52.0 - 45.7New Zealand (South Island) Carangidae indet. (219501)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Mississippi) Carangidae indet. (237142)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Texas) Carangidae indet. (237116)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9USA (California) Caranx orolomaensis (191000 191014 191016)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (North Carolina) Carangidae indet. (5387)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Texas) Carangidae indet. (237143)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Seriola sp. (160397)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Carangidae indet. (237133)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation (Adygeia) Archaeus glarisianus (105572)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Germany Lichia secunda (113964)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Poland (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) Carangidae indet. (186589)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Seriola multiradiata, Carangidae indet., Echeneidae indet., Oligoremora rhenana, Anechelum glarisianum, Caranx glarisianus (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Romania Caranx macoveii (50344)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Belgium Belgocaranx luypaertsi (207745) Carangidae indet. (277490)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Belgium (Antwerp) Trachurus reineckei (280495)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Belgium (Flanders) Trachurus sp. (280346)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Georgia (Abkhazia) Archaeus glarisianus (186462)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Belgium (Limburg) Trachurus sp. (280395 280407)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation Oligoplites spinosus (186461)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Austria Carangidae indet. (99160)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Venezuela (Paraguana) Trachurus sp. (118106)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Italy (Veneto) Caranx ovalis, Caranx rigidicaudus, Lichia stoppanii, Lichia lata (279953)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63India (Kerala) Caranx sp., Carangidae indet. (279972)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333India Caranx sp., Carangidae indet. (230225)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Trachurus miosensis (219196) Trachurus sp. (220042 220043)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Russian Federation Echeneis urupensis (186458)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Indonesia (South Sulawesi) Caranx femeri, Caranx baltruschi (187654)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Pseudocaranx pertenuis (219606)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France Trachurus mediterraneus, Trachurus miosensis (219197)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Mexico (Baja California) Carangidae indet. (52183)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63Mexico (Baja California Sur) Caranx sp. (13450)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Italy (Emilia-Romagna) Otolithus americanus (279959)
Badenian13.82 - 12.8Czechia (Mikulov) Trachurus picluratus (161993 161994 161995)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Ukraine (Crimea) Caranx gracilis (60254)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Kazakhstan Trachurus sp. (174760)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Trachurus sp. (207356)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy (Asti) Carangidae indet. (237147 275778)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama Trachurus sp. (136016 145519 145520)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Carangidae indet. (13300 84331) Coronadus agilis, Seriola sanctaebarbarae, Lompochites hopkinsi (45489)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (Maryland) Rachycentron stremphaencus (219172)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (California) Decapterus agilis (152598 182934 185673)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Carangidae indet. (18601)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Spain Trachurus sp. (210671)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Trachurus trachurus, Caranx prorusselli, Seriola dallonii (59256)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Caranx prorusselli, Seriola dallonii (186631) Trachurus trachurus (186582 186585)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Panama (Colon) Caranx sp. (231894)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Panama Carangidae indet. (172931)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chile Rachycentridae indet. (100171)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Tuscany) Trachurus sp. (210628) Trachurus trachurus (186581)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Argyreiosus minutus, Pseudovomer minutus, Caranx scillae, Caranx albyi (185692) Lichia amia (210239) Trachurus sp. (186576 210240) Trachurus trachurus (186575)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Cyprus Trachurus sp. (185663)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Taiwan (Taiwan) Carangidae indet. (237150)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Chile (Antofagasta Region) Caranx sp., Trachurus sp., Carangidae indet. (241742)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Trachurus sp. (210256 210257)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Seriola sp. (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Sicily) Trachurus sp. (223704)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Greece (Zakynthos) Trachurus sp. (223917)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Chile Rachycentridae indet. (100173)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Italy Trachurus sp. (145678 145680)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Greece (Crete) Caranx sp., Trachurus sp. (207303)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Italy Trachurus sp. (145683)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) Caranx sp. (22712)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Italy Trachurus sp. (57058)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy (Bologna) Trachurus sp. (186574)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece (Rhodes) Trachurus mediterraneus (207580 207581) Trachurus mediterraneus, Trachurus trachurus (207579)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8United Kingdom (England) Platax woodwardi (77767 78017 78018)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774United Kingdom (England) Platax woodwardi (58420)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Zakynthos) Trachurus sp. (207576)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Trachurus sp. (207571)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Italy Trachurus trachurus (159378)
Gelasian - Ionian2.58 - 0.129Greece (Kephallonia) Trachurus sp. (207577)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Japan (Kagoshima) Carangidae indet. (161455)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Trachurus mediterraneus, Trachurus trachurus (159288)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) Caranx hippos (20400 20402)
Chibanian0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Trachurus symmetricus (226584 276728)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Trachurus sp. (207568)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Japan (Kanagawa) Trachurus japonicus (275914)
Haweran - Holocene0.34 - 0.0New Zealand (North Island) Trachurus declivis (219640)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Caranx hippos, Caranx sp. (34269)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Kanagawa) Trachurus japonicus (276069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Trachurus symmetricus (59063)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) Trachurus sp. (161932)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Australia (New South Wales) Seriola lalandi, Pseudocaranx dentex (235090)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Turks and Caicos Islands Caranx spp., Caranx crysos, Caranx latus, Caranx ruber, Seriola spp., Carangidae indet., Selene vomer (209855)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Carangidae indet. (194995 194999)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Seriola dorsalis, Trachurus symmetricus (276600)