PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Enicocephalidae (unique-headed bug)

Insecta - Hemiptera - Enicocephalidae

Taxonomy

Enicocephalidae was named by Stal (1860). It is extant. Its type is Enicocephalus.

It was assigned to Hemiptera by Cockerell (1917); and to Enicocephalomorpha by Štys (2010), Szwedo (2018).

Subtaxa

Alienatinae, Allocephalocorinae, Disphaerocephalinae, Enicocephalinae, Enicocephalus fulvescens (syn. Enicocephalus nasalis)

Synonyms

Enicocephalus fulvescens was named by Westwood (1837). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Gum Animè (Strong collection), which is in a Holocene terrestrial amber in Tanzania.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Štys (1969).
Enicocephalus nasalis was named by Hope (1837). It is an inclusion in amber.

It was synonymized objectively with Enicocephalus fulvescens by Štys (1969).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1837	Enicocephalus nasalis Hope p. 56
1837	Enicocephalus fulvescens Westwood p. 23
1860	Enicocephalidae Stal
1917	Enicocephalidae Cockerell p. 361
2010	Enicocephalidae Štys p. 456
2018	Enicocephalidae Szwedo p. 112

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997
—	Altocrustacea	Regier et al. 2010
superclass	Allotriocarida
—	Athalassocarida
—	Labiocarida	Schwentner et al. 2017
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
—	Cercofilata

Rank	Name	Author
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Clareocercaria
—	Acercaria	()
superorder	Pancondylognatha
—	Condylognatha
order	Hemiptera
suborder	Heteroptera
—	Enicocephalomorpha
family	Enicocephalidae	Stal 1860
family	Enicocephalidae	Stal 1860

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Enicocephalidae Stal 1860 [unique-headed bug]

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Subfm. Alienatinae Barber 1953

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G. Alienates Barber 1953

†Alienates brodzinskyi Grimaldi et al. 1993

†Alienates electrodominicus Grimaldi et al. 1993

G. †Paralienates Maldonado Capriles et al. 1996

†Paralienates hyalinus Maldonado Capriles et al. 1996

Subfm. †Allocephalocorinae Luo et al. 2020

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G. †Allocephalocoris Luo et al. 2020

†Allocephalocoris zhengi Luo et al. 2020

Subfm. †Disphaerocephalinae Štys 1969

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G. †Disphaerocephalus Cockerell 1917

†Disphaerocephalus constrictus Cockerell 1917

†Disphaerocephalus macropterus Cockerell 1917

†Disphaerocephalus swinhoei Cockerell 1917

Subfm. Enicocephalinae Stal 1860

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G. Enicocephalus Westwood 1837

†Enicocephalus omen Grimaldi et al. 1993

†Enicocephalus prius Grimaldi et al. 1993

†Enicocephalus seniculus Grimaldi et al. 1993

†Enicocephalus subvitreus Grimaldi et al. 1993

G. †Pyrenicocephalus Štys 2010

†Pyrenicocephalus jarzembowskii Štys 2010

Invalid names: Enicocephalus fulvescens Westwood 1837 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Myanmar	Allocephalocoris zhengi (198811) Disphaerocephalus constrictus, Enicocephalus swinhoei, Disphaerocephalus macropterus (123020)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	United Kingdom (England)	Enicocephalidae indet. (123440)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Alienates sp., Alienates brodzinskyi, Alienates electrodominicus, Enicocephalus seniculus (122982) Enicocephalus prius (140223) Enicocephalus seniculus, Enicocephalus subvitreus, Enicocephalus omen (123393) Paralienates hyalinus (122472)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Tanzania	Enicocephalus fulvescens (165051)